Bio medical waste management

Bio medical waste management

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  BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SINITHANKACHAN
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  DEFINITION • Biomedical wastemanagement has been defined as the waste produced during diagnosis, treatment/immunization of human being/animal, in research activities, in production of testing of biological
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  IMPORTANCE OF MANAGINGBIOMEDICALWASTE 1.Management of biomedical waste is very important to protect and maintain hygienic environment. Now a days air/environment pollution is on rise. Every effort is being taken by government to reduce it. Thus one step to control environmental pollution is the proper management of Biomedical waste. 2.Promotes the health of human beings and other living creatures, as biomedical waste contributes to infections (HIV, infections. TB). It is very important to dispose off biomedical waste in right way to prevent hazards to human beings and other living organisms. 3.As biomedical waste management rules are notified by government on time to time (1998). Biomedical waste management has become
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  TYPES OF HOSPITALWASTE NON HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS WASTE POTENTIALLY POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS WASTE TOXIC WASTE
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  1.NON HAZARDOUS WASTE-includes kitchen waste, generally office waste (stationery, wrappers, papers, newspaper, bouquets) etc. 2.HAZARDOUS WASTE – This waste is dangerous e.g. Blood, body fluids, chemicals, toxic drugs A)Potentially infectious waste includes dressings soiled with blood, pus, body fluids, laboratory, samples, syringes, needles, sharp instruments, placenta, tissues, limbs, Organs etc B)Potentially toxic waste includes radioactive waste (solids, liquids), chemical waste (toxics, corrosive, inflammable), pharmaceutical waste ( expired drugs)
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  HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITHHOSPITALWASTE  HEPATITIS (B,C)  HIV (AIDS)  Nosocomial infections  Environmental pollution  Recycling of the infected disposable syringes, needles
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  DECONTAMINATION OF HOSPITALWASTE 1.Disposable items such as gloves, syringes, I.V. bottles, catheters are punctured/ mutilated 2.Disposable syringes, needles to be cut by syringe cutter 3.Chemical decontamination – a ) bleach910gm bleach in 1 litre H2O b) Hypochlorite solution 4. Deep burial
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  AVAILABLE CHLORIDE CLEAN CONDITION DIRTYCONDITION Required chlorine 0.1% 0.5% Sodius hypochlorite solution (5%) 20ml/litre 100ml/litre Calcium hypochlorite 70%available chlorine 1.4gm/litre 7.0gm/litre •Dilution of chlorine releasing com-pounds
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  SEGREGATION Segregation means separatingthe waste into different streams. Segregation separates the infection/ toxic waste from non infected/ non toxic waste from non infected/ non toxic waste. Thus reduces chances of infection, total treatment cost. Tips while dealing with infectious waste 1.Separate infectious waste at point/area where it is produced e.g., discard the I.V. tubing of client on the ward at appropriate bin 2.Use bins with lid 3.Label the bin with bio- hazardous symbols and type of waste they will carry 4.Wear protective devices (gloves) while handling such infectious waste
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  5. Change thepolythene when its 3/4th part is full or in each shift bin should be emptied 6. Before transporting the waste, polythene bags must be sealed. 7. In case hospital has no provision of treating the waste, it must be sent to final disposal point. 8. Infectious waste must be destroyed/disinfected before disposing. It can be done by autoclaving, microwaving incineration
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  DISPOSAL OF DISPOSABLEMATERIAL Discard the disposable material in plastic/ metal container even in plastic bags Container used for sharp instruments (needles, blades) must be puncture proof. Before discarding gloves, syringes, IV bottles, these must be shredded cut or mutilated. This will be avoid the recycling of this material Bin where sharp instruments will be discarded, should contain bleaching powder solution or hypochlorite solution Before discarding the liquid waste into sewage, it must be disinfected chemically to avoid exposure to general public.
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  TRANSPORTATION Segregated waste shouldbe transported very carefully from the point of generation to the final disposal site. Make sure that all bags are sealed properly to avoid leakage/spillage. Infectious/ toxic waste after decontamination should be transported separately from general municipal waste.
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  Normally following colouredbins are used for segregation of waste. SEGREGATION OF WASTE COLOUR a)General uninfected waste black b)Soiled infected waste yellow c)Plastic waste red d)Sharps blue
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  CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE(WHO) 1.General waste (kitchen items, office papers) 2.Pathological waste (body, tissue, infected animal). 3.Radioactive waste (implants, equipments used while giving radiations). 4.Chemical waste – cytotoxic drugs, chemicals. 5.Infectious waste – blood, body fluid, pus. 6.Sharps – blades, needles. 7.Pharmaceutical waste – expired drugs etc.
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  OPTION WASTE CATEGORYTREATMENT AND DISPOSAL CATEGORY 1 Human anatomical waste Incineration and deep burial CATEGORY 2 Animal waste (tissues, organs, body parts experimental animals) Incineration and deep burial CATEGORY 3 Microbiology and biotechnology waste. (laboratory culture, vaccines, toxin dishes, etc.) Local autoclaving, incineration CATEGORY 4 Waste sharps (needles, blades, glass) Disinfection CATEGORY 5 Discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs incineration CATEGORY 6 Soiled waste Items soiled with blood, body fluids , e.g., cotton, dressings, bandage, linen, beddings etc Drug disposal at secured landfill Incineration autoclaving CATEGORY 7 Solid waste ( tubings, catheters, IV set) Disinfection, autoclaving mutilation CATEGORY 8 Liquid waste Liquid used in laboratory, washing, cleaning, disinfecting Disinfection and discharged into drainage CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE