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Bio medical waste management in english
The document discusses the importance of proper management of biomedical waste generated by healthcare institutions, emphasizing its potential health hazards due to pathogenic organisms and harmful chemicals. It outlines the categories of biomedical waste, the legal framework surrounding its management in India, and the rules for its segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal. Compliance with these regulations is crucial to protect public health and the environment, with specific recommendations for healthcare workers regarding safety precautions and training.
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Hospital waste is a health hazard; importance of bio-medical waste management laws established in 1986.
Bio-medical waste defined as waste from medical activities involving humans or animals.
75-90% non-hazardous waste, 10-25% hazardous; non-hazardous includes general waste from health tasks.
Details of 10 categories of hazardous waste, including human, animal, microbiology waste, sharps, and chemicals.
Bio-Medical Waste Rules revised in 2016; penalties for non-compliance include fines and imprisonment.
Key steps: segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of bio-medical waste.
Uses different colored containers for waste types: black for general, yellow for hazardous, red for sharps.
Protocols for safe disposal, storage, and limited manual handling to prevent injuries.
Municipal disposal, deep burial, autoclaving, shredding, and incineration methods outlined for waste.Importance of training for staff on waste management laws and safety precautions for handlers.
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Bio medical waste management in english
- 1. PLEASE SUBSCRIBE LIKEAND SHARE
- 2. Any typeof waste is harmful to health but the waste geneated in hospitals and health care centers and laboratories is most dangerous and may affect health if not disposed with proper manner because it may contain pathogenic organisms or harmful chemcals.
- 3. it isa well established fact that hospital waste is a potential health hazard to the health care workers, public and flora and fauna of the area. That’s why it is important for all of us about bio-medical waste management. The act was passed by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1986 & notified the Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules in July 1998.
- 4. According toBio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 of India, "Bio-medical waste" is defined as any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human- beings or animals, or in research activities.
- 5. Bio medicalwaste is of two types- Between 75 to 90 per cent of the waste produced by the health-care providers is Non-hazardous waste or "general" health-care waste, comparable to domestic waste. The remaining 10-25 per cent health-care waste is regarded as hazardous waste and may create a variety of health risk
- 6. Non hazardousbio-medical waste comes mostly from administrative and house keeping functions of the healthcare establishments, and may also include waste generated during maintenance of health-care premises. it includes paper, card board, polythene, fruit peelings etc.
- 7. Hazardous wasteis further divided into different categories . Such as- Category No. 1- it includes Human anatomical waste (human tissues, organs, body parts including blood and other body fluids).
- 8. Category No.2- it includes Animal waste such as animal tissues, organs, body parts carcasses, bleeding parts, fluids, blood and experimental animals used in research and waste generated by veterinary hospitals
- 9. Category No.3- it includes Microbiology and biotechnology waste such as waste from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of micro-organisms, live or attenuated vccines, human and animal cell culture used in research and infectious agents from research and diagnostic laboratories.
- 10. Category No.4- it includes Waste sharps (needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may cause puncture and cuts. This includes both used and unused sharps)
- 11. Category No.5- it includes Discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs . It also includes wastes of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines.
- 12. Category No.6- it includes Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with blood, and body fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster casts, lines, beddings, other material contaminated with blood)
- 13. Category No.7- it includes Solid waste generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps such as tubings, catheters, intravenous sets etc.).
- 14. Category No.8- it includes Liquid waste generated from laboratory and washing, cleaning, house- keeping and disinfecting activities.
- 15. Category No.9- it includes ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste.
- 16. Category No.10- it includes Chemicals used in production of biologicals, chemicals used in disinfection, as insecticides, etc.
- 17. The BioMedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules were first implemented in July 1998, subsequently revised in 2011 and now the latest are “Bio-medical Waste Management Rules, 2016” Failure to comply with the provisions of the Rules, will attract penal action as per the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, which includes imprisonment for a period of 5 years or a fine of Rs.1 lakh or both.
- 18. In accordancewith these rules, it is the duty of every “occupier” i.e. a person who has the control over the institution or its premises, to take all steps to ensure that waste generated is handled without any adverse effect to human health and environment.
- 19. 1. Segregation 2. Collection and storage 3. Transportation 4. Treatment and disposal
- 20. The bio-medicalwaste shall be segregated into colored containers or bags at the point of generation in accordance with Schedule 1 prior to its storage, transportation, treatment and disposal.
- 21. The bio-medicalwaste management system we have different colored bags or containers for different types of waste such as Black, Red, Yellow, blue and white or Translucent)
- 22. Black containeror black bag is for general waste. it includes paper, card board, wrapper of syringes or iv sets, polythene, fruit peelings etc.
- 23. Human tissues,organs, body parts, Experimental animal carcasses, body parts, organs, tissues, Items contaminated with blood, body fluids like dressings, plaster casts, cotton swabs and bags containing residual or discarded blood and blood components.
- 24. Expired orDiscarded Medicines like antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs including all items contaminated with cytotoxic drugs . Liquid waste generated due to use of chemicals in labs and used or discarded disinfectants.
- 25. Discarded linen,mattresses, beddings contaminated with blood or body fluid, Mask, PPE kit etc. Blood bags, Laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of microorganisms, live or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell cultures used in research,
- 26. Wastes generatedfrom disposable items such as tubing, bottles, intravenous tubes and sets, catheters, urine bags, syringes (without needles and fixed needle syringes) and vaccutainers with their needles cut) and gloves.
- 27. Glassware: Brokenor discarded and contaminated glass including medicine vials and ampoules except those contaminated with cytotoxic wastes and metallic body implants.
- 28. Waste sharpsincluding Metals: Needles, syringes with fixed needles, needles from needle tip cutter or burner, scalpels, blades, or any other contaminated sharp object that may cause puncture and cuts.
- 29. Waste bagsand containers should be removed daily from wards / OPDs or even more frequently if needed (as in Operation Theatres, ICUs, labour rooms). Ensure that waste bags/containers are properly sealed and labeled
- 30. The wastemay be temporarily stored at the central storage area of the hospital and from there it may be sent in bulk to the site of final disposal once or twice a day depending upon the quantum of waste. The untreated bio-medical waste shall not be stored for more than 48 hours.
- 31. The bio-medicalwaste must be transported with care and in closed containers. Manual handling of waste bags should be minimized to reduce the risk of needle prick injury and infection.
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- 34. Municipal waste-General waste (contents of black bag) is sent to municipal waste bins. Deep burial- category 1 and 2 may be sent for deep burial. Autoclave and microwave- category 3,4,6 and 7 may be treated by this method before disposal
- 35. Shredding- contentsof red container should be treated by chemical disinfectants like sodium hypochlorite and than be shredded and sent for recycling. Incineration- contents of yellow bag are sent for incineration and incineration ash can be sent for landfill.
- 36. All medicalprofessionals must be aware of Bio medical waste anagement and handling rules. Every health care institution must have ell planned training programme for all category of staff.
- 37. Bio medicalwaste should be segregated by the generator of the waste and at the site of generation. All should adopt universal precautions hile handling the BMW
- 38. Bio medicalwaste handllers should be vaccinated against tetanus and hepatitis B. Collectors and transporters (drivers) should be aware of the nature and risk of the bio medical waste.
- 39. Bio medicalwaste handllers should have wear protective equipments properly while collecting and transporting the hazardous waste.
- 40. By – SURESHKUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )