BIO REACTORS- FERMENTORS FOR ANTIBIOTICS

BIO REACTORS- FERMENTORS FOR ANTIBIOTICS

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  BIOREACTORS / FERMENTORS ByMadhupriya 142220108024
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  OVERVIEW  Bioreactor  Diagram Components and functions  Types and their explanations  Comparsion of batch and continuos fermentors
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  Bioreactor  It’s adevice in which the organisms are cultivated and motivated to form the desire products.  it’s a vessel in which cell cultivation is done under sterile condition and proper environmental condition.
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  BIOREACTOR
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  Components and theirfunctions 1. Vessel: The vessel, often made of stainless steel or glass, is the main container that holds the culture medium and the microorganisms or cells. It provides a controlled environment for the biological process. 2. Agitator/Mixer: The agitator or mixer is responsible for maintaining a homogeneous and well- mixed environment within the vessel. It ensures that nutrients and oxygen are evenly distributed and that waste products are removed. 3. Sparger: The sparger is a device that introduces gases (typically air or oxygen) into the culture medium. It facilitates aerobic microbial growth by providing oxygen and helps maintain dissolved oxygen levels in the medium. 4. Aseptic Ports: Aseptic ports are used for introducing or removing samples, adding nutrients, and other maintenance tasks while minimizing the risk of contamination. 5. Agitation and Aeration Control: The agitator and sparger can be adjusted to control the level of mixing and aeration, which is vital for optimizing the growth of microorganisms and the production of desired bioproducts 6. Jackets are used to control the temperature.
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  TYPES OF BIOREACTORS •Countinuos batch fermentor • Batch fermentor • Bubble column bioreactors • Airlift bioreactors • Fluidized Bed bioreactors • Fed Batch fermentor
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  Continuos batch fermentor It is an open type of fermentor.  Media is been replaced by fresh media.  Addition and substraction is seen at same time.  Rate of working volume remains constant  Less problematic
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  Batch fermentor  Itis a closed type pf a fermentor  Only energy exchange is been seen  Cell growth and product concentration is proportional
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  DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THECONTINOUS AND BATCH TYPE FERMENTOR BATCH TYPE  Operates in discrete mode  After sterilization and cleaning the new culture is added  typically used processes  Small scale  productivity and yield varies  Insuffienct use of resourses  Easy to set up of single vessel  Used for reaesrch purposes Continous type  operates continuously  culture is added continuously for contionus processes  Steady state conditions  Best for large scale  constant and more yield and productivity  Effecient use of resourses  complexity due to more processes simultaneously  uses for large industries and pharmedicals
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  Advantages of batchtype fermentor 1. Highly flexible and versatile. 2. Wide range of applications 3. Simple Operation 4. They do not require complex control systems 5. Making them suitable for smaller-scale applications and research. 6. Easy Scale-Up 7. Researchers have full control over the initial conditions of the culture 8. Low Risk of Contamination 9. Simple Sampling 10.Relatively Low Cost
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  Disadvantages of batchtype fermenters 1. Inefficient Resource Utilization 2. Variability in Productivity. 3. Limited Scalability 4. Manual Intervention 5. Challenging for Continuous Processes 6. Waste Generation
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  Bubble column reactor 1.Two Phases: Bubble column reactors consist of two phases: a liquid phase and a gas phase. The liquid phase typically contains the reactants, while the gas phase contains the gas needed for the reaction. 2. Gas Dispersion: Gas is introduced into the reactor at the bottom through spargers, which are porous materials or pipes that release gas in the form of bubbles. The gas bubbles rise through the liquid, providing a large interfacial area for mass transfer. 3. Mixing: The rising gas bubbles induce mixing within the liquid phase. This mixing helps to distribute reactants evenly and ensures efficient mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases. 4. Heat and Mass Transfer: Bubble column reactors are often used for reactions that involve heat and mass transfer. For example, they are suitable for gas-liquid reactions, such as hydrogenation or oxidation processes, where reactants need to come into contact for efficient chemical conversion. 5. Scale Variability: Bubble column reactors can be designed and operated at various scales, from laboratory setups for research and development to large industrial reactors for commercial production. 6. Gas-Liquid Contact Time: The design of a bubble column reactor can be optimized to control the contact time between the gas and liquid phases, which is crucial for the desired reaction to occur. 7. Gas Holdup: Gas holdup refers to the volume fraction of gas in the reactor. It can be adjusted based on the specific needs of the process, and it affects the overall reactor performance. 8. Bubble Size and Distribution: The size and distribution of gas bubbles play a significant role in determining the efficiency of mass transfer and reactions in the reactor. Bubble size can be controlled by adjusting factors such as gas flow rate and sparger design. 9. Reactor Geometry: Bubble column reactors can have various designs, including cylindrical, conical, or other shapes, depending on the specific application. 10. Applications: Bubble column reactors find applications in various fields, including chemical synthesis, waste treatment, bioprocesses like fermentation, and the production of chemicals and petrochemicals.
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  Air lift reactor The medium is divivde into two zone.  The zone are referred as riser and receiver  The dispersion flow and down flow is seen  Mixing and settlement of media is seen
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  Fluidized bed bioreactor It’s similar to bubble column bioreactor  Solids get settled and fluids get flown out  Used to carry out reactions involving fluid suspended biocatalyst
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  Fed batch fermentor It is a semi type of fermentor  Matter and energy is been exchanged  Addition and substraction of components is seen  More safer and stable batch  Mostly used in Waste water treatment
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  Wishes u alla happieeee and a smilie day ahead THANK YOU