Downloaded 18 times
More Related Content
Similar to Biodiversity : An overview
Biodiversity : An overview
- 1. Seminar on BIODIVERSITY: AN OVERVIEW SeminarIn charge:- Dr. Lalji Singh HoD, Dept. of Forestry, CoA, Raipur Speaker:- Jaimangal Tirkey M.Sc. Forestry (previous) dept. of forestry, CoA , Raipur
- 3.
- 4. • “Biological diversity'means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.” Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
- 5. Genetic diversity Species Diversity Ecosystem Diversity
- 6. Includes thedifferences in DNA composition among individuals within a given species. Adaptation to particular environmental conditions may weed out genetic variants that are not successful. But populations benefit from some genetic diversity, so as to avoid inbreeding or disease epidemics.
- 7. Saki Monkey GoldenSkimmer Meadow Beauty species = a particular type of organism; a population or group of populations whose members share certain characteristics and can freely breed with one another and produce fertile offspring › Species diversity = the number or variety of species in a particular region › Species richness = number of species › Evenness, or relative abundance = extent to which numbers of different species are equal or skewed
- 8. Includes diversityabove the species level. Biologists have viewed diversity above the species level in various ways. Some alternative ways to categorize it include: Community diversity Habitat diversity Landscape diversity
- 9. Consumptive value: Food/Drink Fuel Medicine Batter cropvarieties Industrial Material Non-Consumptive Value: Recreation Education and Research Traditional value Ecological services: Balance of nature Biological productivity Regulation of climate Degradation of waste Cleaning of air and water Cycling of nutrients Control of potential pest and disease causing species Detoxification of soil and sediments Stabilization of land against erosion Carbon sequestration and global climate change Maintenance of Soil fertility
- 10. Hot Spotconcept- British ecologist, Norman Myers (1988) Criteria for designating an area as hotspot (i) richness in endemic species-1500 endemic plant species,0.5% of global total. (ii) impact by human activities- must have lost more than 70% of its original habitat. 25 major hotspots together represent 1.4 % of the earth's land area, they contain 44% of all plant species and 35% of all terrestrial vertebrate species in the world. Recently added 9 Hotspot. And now 34 hotspot in the world.
- 11. No of Hotspotsin India-3 1. Indo-Burma ( earlier Eastern Himalayas ) 2. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. 3. Himalayas. (Newly added)
- 14. It has7.3% of the global fauna and 10.88% of global flora as per the data collected by Ministry of Environment and forest. It has 350 different mammals, 1200 species of birds- 453 different reptiles, 182 amphibians and 45,000 plants spices. It has 50,000 known species of insects which include 13,000 butterflies and moths. It has 10 different bio-geographical regions and 25 biotic provinces having varieties of lands and species. In addition to geographical distribution, geological events in the land mass provide high level of biological diversity.
- 15. BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA Thardesert - The climate and vegetation in this area is a contrast to the Himalayan region. Western Ghats - One of the two biodiversity hotspots in India. Sunder bans - The largest mangrove forest in India. Chilika - This wetland area is protected under the Ramsar convention. Himalayas - This majestic range of mountains is the home of a diverse range of flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is one of the two biodiversity hotspots in India. Source: earthtrends.wri.org
- 16. Comparative statement ofrecorded number of animal species in India and the World Taxa World India % of India to the world Protista 31259 2577 8.24 Mollusca 66535 5070 7.62 Arthropoda 987949 68389 6.9 Other Invertebrates 87121 8329 9.56 Protochordata 2106 119 5.65 Pisces 21723 2546 11.72 Amphibia 5150 209 4.06 Reptilia 5817 456 7.84 Aves 9026 1232 13.66 Mamalia 4629 390 8.42 Source: MoEF 2002.
- 17. Narrow geographicalarea population Natural disasters Human Activities and Loss of Habitat Deforestation
- 18. Pollution Hunting Global warming and climatechange Agriculture Domino effect
- 19. Some 75per cent of the genetic diversity of crop plants been lost in the past century. Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each year. Roughly one-third of the world’s coral reef systems have been destroyed or highly degraded. About 24 per cent of mammals and 12 per cent of bird species are currently considered to be globally threatened. More than 50 per cent of the world’s wetlands have been drained, and populations of inland water and wetland species have declined by 50per cent between 1970 and 1999.
- 20. Conserving Biodiversityin protected Habitats- • In situ conservation • Ex situ conservation Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA Bank Gene Bank zoo Bandhavgarh National Park
- 21. Restoration ofBiodiversity Imparting Environmental Education Enacting, strengthening and enforcing Environmental Legislation Population Control Reviewing the agriculture practice Controlling Urbanization Conservation through Biotechnology
- 23. Biodiversity is ourlife. If the Biodiversity got lost at this rate then in near future, the survival of human being will be threatened. So, it is our moral duty to conserve Biodiversity as well our Environment. Long-term maintenance of species and their management requires co-operative efforts across entire landscapes. Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale of habitats or ecosystems rather than at species level.