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bioethanol production
- 4. Name of theStudent :Pooja. Rajendra. Dhange I.D. No. :PALB8276 Degree Programme : M.Sc. Agri (Hort.) Department :Horticulture University of agriculture sciences Bangalore COA,GKVK, Bangalore I Seminar 4
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- 7. THE WORLD ISADDICTED TO OIL. IT’S TIME FOR AN INTERVENTION. FUEL Change your fuel …..change the world 7
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- 10. OECD-FAO Agriculture Outlook2018-27 The demand for bio-fuels is shifting towards developing countries 84 per cent of the total additional demand for bioethanol in the next 10 years will come from developing countries Polices to favour a domestic bio-fuels market. India has a target of blending 10 per cent ethanol with petrol by 2022 and 20% by 2030 from the current 2-3%.
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- 12. Bioethanol production fromfruits and vegetable wastes
- 13. PHT loss -5-16% (F&V)Solid waste disposal problem – environment pollution Generated from farm to fork Generated from processing units account for 30–50% of the input materials Peel, Pomace, seed, core, stone India is the second largest producer of fruits & vegetables No waste is waste until it is wasted……. CIPHET, 2015-16 13
- 14. Losses and wastage(%) Waste Generated (Million Tonnes) Processing Distribution consumption India 25 10 7 1.81 China 2 8 15 31.98 Phillippines 25 10 7 6.53 Malaysia 25 10 7 0.68 Sharma et al., 2016 Sharma et al., 2016
- 15. What is bioethanol? •Bio-ethanol is ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol that is derived exclusively from the fermentation of plant carbohydrates (sugar or starch) • Chemically bioethanol is C2H5 One of the widely used alternative automotive fuel in the world Colorless and clear liquid Mustafa et al., 2009
- 16. History of bioethnolproduction • 1826- Ethanol’s first use was to power an engine • 1876- Nicolaus Otto, the inventor of the modern four- cycle internal combustion engine, used ethanol to power an early engine • During world war I it is used as liqour • 1920-1930 : The first ethanol blended with gasoline & was in high demand during World War II because of fuel shortages
- 17. Application of bioethnol •As a solvent in lab • For preservation of specimens • As a alcoholic beverage like beer, wine or brandy • As a fuel for power generation by thermal combustion • As a transport fuel to replace gasoline • Blended as E5G to E26G • E85G • E15D • E95D
- 20. World Bioethanol production COUNTRIES USA BRAZIL CHINA INDIA •Largest Bioethanol Producer • 57,834 Million litre USA • 8th largest producer INDIA Ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas, 2016 20
- 21. India's ethanol equation National Policy on Bio-fuels was formulated by the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in 2009 In January 2013, the Union government launched the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme Which made it mandatory for oil companies to sell petrol blended with at least 5 per cent of ethanol
- 22. But the ethanolstory has not yet succeeded in India Shortfall in Ethanol supplies: Fluctuations in supply of raw material:
- 24. • Reduce ImportDependency • Cleaner Environment: • Health benefits • Employment Generation • Additional Income to Farmers The Policy expands the scope of raw material for ethanol production Sugarcane Juice, Sugar containing materials like Sugar Beet, Sweet Sorghum, Starch containing materials like Corn, Cassava, Damaged food grains like wheat, broken rice, Rotten Potatoes, unfit for human consumption for ethanol production. “waste-to-wealth”
- 25. PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOLIN INDIA
- 26. 130 crore litres for liquor 60to 80 crore litres for chemical 100 to 120 Cr litres for blending. 300 crore litres.
- 27. India first 2GPLANT set up in Uttarakand
- 28. Plan to produceethanol from cashew apple, coffee pulp Dakshina Kannada
- 29. 2G ethanol plantto be commissioned in Davangere dist The Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) is in the process of setting up South India’s only 2G ethanol plant at Hanagawadi in Davanagere district
- 30. Crop Moisture (g) Protein (g) Fiber (g)Carbohydrate (g) Reference Apple pomace 3.97 4.45 48.70 48 Joshi & Attri (2006) Pineapple peel 9.4 8.7 - 29.1 Bandikari et al.(2004) Banana peel 10.5 6.02 - 17.8 Sharoba et al. (2013) Potato solid waste 85-87 3-5 19.86 27-35 Arapaglau et al.(2010) Orange peel 4.23 5.97 28.56 25.92 Sharoba et al. (2013) Cauliflowe r leaves 8.6 16.1 28 24 Wadhwat et al. (2006) Composition of fruits and vegetable waste (per 100gm) 30
- 31. Production Methods ofBioethanol Sugar-based Bioethanol Production Starch-based Bioethanol Production Lignocellulose -based Bioethanol Production 31
- 32. Fruits and vegetablewaste based Bioethanol Production Pretreatment Dehydration Distillation Fermentation Hydrolysis Feedstocks Bioethanol Acid hydrolysis Enzyme hydrolysis 32
- 33. Why Bioethnol? Less CO LessNOx Less HC Less particulate matter Ethanol is a clean, high performance renewable fuel that works in today's cars and trucks Its use boosts engine efficiency, improves urban air quality and mitigates climate change
- 34. Advantages of bioethanol •Renewable source of energy • Reduce dependency on imports • Less pollution and cleaner environment • Increases engine efficiency • Can be produced industrially 34
- 35. Disadvantages • Less mileage •Requires a lot of land space • Rise in food price 35
- 36. Food v/s Fuel No,But I can offer you a gallon of Ethanol Can’t you see I’m trying to fight against global warming 36
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- 38. CASE STUDY -1 Objective:To compare the ethanol efficiency obtained from different fruit wastes Janani et al., 2013 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Comparative studies of ethanol production from different fruit wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 38
- 39. Material and methods 200g fruit waste Washing Crushing Collection in beaker Fermentation Distillation Janani et al., 2013 39
- 40. Fig 1: Specificgravity of sample after fermentation Janani et al., 2013 40 0.86
- 41. Fig 2: Comparisonof production of bioethanol concentration Janani et al., 2013 41 6.21 per cent
- 42. Inference • Different fruitwastes can serve as raw material • Maximum yield of ethanol was obtained from grape wastes • Cost effective and did not yield any toxic residues 42
- 43. Case study -2 Objective: Study on utilization of the rinds of Pineapple, Watermelon, Jackfruit and Muskmelon by T. viride and fermentation of these sugars by S. cerevisiae International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology Production of bioethanol from fruit rinds by saccharification and fermentation Bhandari et al., 2013 43
- 44. Material and methods Fruitrinds Washing and drying (650C for 24h) Grinding 50g weighed sample Saccharification Filtration Fermentation Bhandari et al., 2013 44
- 45. Figure 3: Amountof reducing sugars produced with different fruit rinds as substrates after saccharification Bhandari et al., 2013 45
- 46. Figure 4. Ethanolyield after fermentation of sugars produced using various substrates Bhandari et al., 2013 46 4.64g/L
- 47. Inference • Ethanol yieldwas maximum in jackfruit rind • Promising future for generation of ethanol 47
- 48. Case study -3 Objective - To determine the impacts of mango biomass as a renewable bioethnol resource and optimizing the variables which affect the bioethanol production Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Bioethanol production from mango waste (Mangifera indica L. cv chokanan): Biomass as renewable energy Saifuddin et al., 2014 48
- 49. Material and methods Rottenmangoes Peeling and removal of seed Cutting into small pieces Pulverizing Filling of 100g of sample in 500ml bottle Fermentation Filtration Saifuddin et al., 2014 49
- 50. Fig. 5: Effectof pH on bioethanol yield (%) Fig. 6: Bioethanol yield determination at different temperature Saifuddin et al., 2014 50 15.8 per cent 14.5 per cent
- 51. Fig. 7: Bioethanolyield determination of different fruit parts Saifuddin et al., 2014 51 15 per cent
- 52. 52 Fig. 8: Bioethanolyield determination at different incubation period Saifuddin et al., 2014 16.2 per cent
- 53. Inference • Bioethanol productionthrough fermentation of mango waste was maxium at 300C and pH-5 • Eco-friendly • Waste management 53
- 54. Case study -4 Objective:The objective of the study was to produce bioethanol from sweet potatoes peels and cassava peels through fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis Oyeleke et al., 2012 Advances in Environmental Biology, Production of bioethanol from cassava and sweet potato peels 54
- 55. Material and methods Peelwaste collection Weighing of substrate Enzyme hydrolysis Fermentation Distillation Oyeleke et al., 2012 55
- 56. Table 1: BioethanolProduced from Cassava Peel Oyeleke et al., 2012 56
- 57. Table 2: Bioethanolproduced from sweet potato peel Oyeleke et al., 2012 57
- 58. Inference • Ethanol canbe produced from cassava and sweet potato peels • Cassava peel is a better alternative to sweet potato peel • Eco-friendly and renewable 58
- 59. International conference onsustainable energy engineering Case study - 5 Objective: To investigate the economical ethanol production from waste potato by applying the optimized fermentation process Bioethanol production from waste potatoes as a sustainable waste-to-energy resource via enzymatic hydrolysis Memon et al., 2017 59
- 60. Material and methods Wastepotatoes Mashing Cooking Hydrolysis Fermentation Distillation Memon et al., 2017 60
- 61. Figure 9. Ethanolproduction by Yeast Figure 10. Ethanol production by Alpha Amylase and yeast Memon et al., 2017 61 35 72 48 40
- 62. Inference • Waste potatocontain great amount of starch • It produce significant quantity of bioethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis • Alternative fuel 62
- 63. Conclusion • Inoculum, enzymeand substrate concentrates besides temperature, time, pH and incubation period plays important role in obtaining good ethanol yield • Ethanol yield obtained from fruit and vegetable wastes indicates that they are potential source for bioethanol production 63
- 64. Import of crudeoil During 2015-16 was 202.851MMT Domestic crude oil production – 17.9% Target to reduce Import – 10% ( by 2022) The national policy on biofuel (2018) approved by GOI has planned to blend 20% bio ethanol by 2030 Due to insufficient supply of the sugar molasses the government of india is not able to meet 5 % blending Thus India have to look beyond sugar cane molasses Fruit and vegetable wastes could be a promising solution 64
- 65. In 1925, HenryFord quoted ethanol as “The fuel of the future”. “The fuel of the future is going to come from apples, weeds, sawdust almost anything. There is fuel in every bit of vegetable matter that can be fermented”. Today Henry Ford’s futuristic vision significance can be easily understood
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Editor's Notes
- #7 Exhaustible fossil fuels represents 80% of the total world energy supply. At constant production and consumption, the presently known reserves of oil will last around 41 years, natural gas 64 years, and coal 155 years Although very simplified, such an analysis illustrates why fossil fuels cannot be considered as the world’s main source of energy for more than one or two generations. Clearly fossil fuel reserves are finite - it's only a matter of when they run out - not if. Globally - every year we currently consume the equivalent of over 11 billion tonnes of oil in fossil fuels. Crude oil reserves are vanishing at the rate of 4 billion tonnes a year1 – if we carry on at this rate without any increase for our growing population or aspirations, our known oil deposits will be gone by 2052.
- #10 Biofuel is the fuel which is produced from organic products and wastes. The common commercially used biofuels are bioethanol, biodiesel and biomethane. Bioethanol is made from sugar, algae, wheat and sugar beet Biodiesel is made from vegetable oil, algal lipids, animal fats Biomethane can be produced from waste organic material, sewage, agriculture waste and domestic wastes.
- #33 Lignocellulose-based bioethanol depends on pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation and dehydration steps. Plant cell microfibrils are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. To release the pentose and hexose sugars for fermentation, this structure should be broke down. Because of the robust structure of plant wall cell, it requires pretreatment to improve enzyme accessibility in enzymatic hydrolysis. In brief, pretreatment is essential
- #37 The food V fuel debate – There is concern that due to the increased prices of bioethanol some farmers may sacrifice food crops for biofuel production which will increase food prices around the world.