Biomedical waste

Biomedical waste

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  BIOMEDICAL WASTE DISPOSAL Dr MuhammedSafeer P I Assistant Professor Department of PG Studies in Swasthavritta JSS Ayurveda Medical College 1
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  DEFINITION  Any wastewhich is generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities or in the production or testing of biologicals or in health camps. 2
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  WHAT IS BIO-MEDICALWASTE ?? Definition Waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO) 3
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  WHO estimates  85%of hospital waste is non-hazardous  10% is infectious  5% is non-infectious. 5
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  SOURCES OF BIO-MEDICALWASTE Major Sources  Hospitals  Labs  Research centers  Animal research  Blood banks  Nursing homes  Mortuaries  Autopsy centers Minor sources  Clinics  Dental clinics  Home care  Cosmetic clinics  Paramedics  Funeral services  Institutions 6
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  CATEGORIES OF BMW& DISPOSAL OPTIONS TYPE OF WASTE TREATMENT & DISPOSAL Cat No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste (Human tissues, organs, body parts) Incineration/ deep burial Cat No. 2 Animal Waste (Animal tissues, organs, body parts, carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood etc) Incineration/ deep burial Cat No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste (Wastes from laboratory cultures, toxins and devices used for transfer of cultures etc) Local autoclaving/ microwaving / incineration 7
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  Cat No. 4 WasteSharps (Needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc.) Disinfection Cat No. 5 Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs (outdated, contaminated, discarded medicines) Incineration / landfills Cat No. 6 Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with body fluids, other materials contaminated with blood.) Incineration / autoclaving / microwaving Cat No. 7 Solid Waste (Waste generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps.) Disinfection8
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  Cat No. 8 LiquidWaste (Waste generated from the laboratory and washing, cleaning, house keeping and disinfecting activities) Disinfection Cat No. 9 Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration of any biomedical waste) Disposal in municipal landfill Cat No.10 Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in production of biologicals, chemicals used in disinfecting, as insecticides, etc.) Chemical treatment 9
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  Waste Sharps eg:Needles Human anatomical waste Discarded medicines Solid waste eg: cotton swabs 10
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  WHO IS ATRISK?? Sanitation workers Medical & Paramedical staff Patients, visitors & attenders Public The main group at risk are
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  NEED OF BMWMANAGEMENT IN HOSPITALS??? 12
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  HAZARDOUS HEALTH CARE WASTECAN RESULT IN 1. Infection 2. Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity 3. Chemical toxicity 4. Radioactivity hazards. 5. Physical injuries 6. Public sensitivity. 13
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  COLOUR CODING &TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTES 14 COLOR CODE TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT OPTIONS Yellow plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and 6 Incineration/ Deep burial Red plastic bags/disinfected container 3, 6 & 7 Autoclave/ Microwave/ Chem Tmt Blue/White plastic bags/puncture proof containers 4,7 Autoclave/ Microwave/ Chem Tmt Black plastic bags 5,9,10 Land fill
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  DISPOSAL METHODS OFBIO-MEDICAL WASTES 1. Incineration 2. Chemical disinfection 3. Wet & Dry thermal process 4. Microwave irradiation 5. Land disposal 6. Inertization 15
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   Incineration  Hightemp. dry oxidation process  Combustible organic matter  inorganic, incombustible matter Type of incinerators a) Double chamber pyrolytic incinerator b) Single chamber furnace with static gate c) Rotary kilns 16
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   Chemical Disinfection Chemicals are added to waste to kill/ inactivate the pathogens  Wet thermal treatment/ steam disinfection  Shredded waste exposed to high temperature, high pressure steam  Dry thermal treatment/ Screw feed technology  Dry thermal disinfection process  Heated in a rotating auger 17
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   Microwave irradiation Micro organisms are destroyed by heat conduction  Land disposal  Sanitary land fills are preferrable  Inertization  Mixing waste with cement and other substances  minimizes the migration of toxic substances to surface/ ground water 18
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  THANK YOU 19