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- 1. BIO MEDICAL MANAGEMENT BYA. SWAROOPA MSC(NURSING)
- 2. DEFINITION: Bio hazardous wasteis that waste that is capable of producing an infectious disease in humans and includes at a minimum blood, body fluids, discarded sharps, inoculated culture media, tissues and slides.
- 3. Bio-Medical Waste, meansany waste, which generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human being or animals or in research activities and is governed by the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
- 4. BIOHAZARDOUSWASTE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWINGCATEGORIES: Blood and body fluids infectious Sharps waste Laboratory waste Medical sharps Some isolation waste Some animal waste
- 5. Blood and BodyFluids Includes: 1. Blood/Blood Products •Serum, •Plasma •Other blood components 2. Body Fluids •Semen •Vaginal secretions •Cerebrospinal fluid •Pleural fluid •Peritoneal fluid
- 6. 3.Does NOT Include •Urine,unless visible blood is present •Feces, unless visible blood is present •Vomit, unless visible blood is present •Pericardial fluid •Amniotic fluid •Any other body fluid visibly contaminated with blood
- 9. SOURCES OF HEALTHCARE WASTE: •Private hospitals •Nursing homes •Physician offices, clinics •Dental clinics •Dispensaries PHC •Medical research and training centers •Mortuaries •Blood banks and collection centers •Slaughter houses •Vaccine centers •Biotechnological and industrial production units
- 10. GROUP AT RISK: Doctors,nurses, health care auxiliary Hospital maintenances personnel Visitors Laundries waste handling Landfills/ incinerators
- 11. OVERVIEW OF HEALTHCAREWASTE MANAGEMENT: •Sharps: Needles, infusions sets, Scalpels, knives, blades •Waste with high heavy metal content: Batteries, broken thermometers, Blood pressure gauges •Pathological waste: Body parts, blood & other fluids •Chemical waste: Lab reagents, Disinfectants, solvents
- 12. •Infectious waste: Lab Cultures,waste from isolation wards, tissues, etc. •Pharmaceutical Waste: Expired or no longer needed pharmaceuticals. •Genotoxic waste: Cytotoxic drugs, geno toxic chemical. •Pressurized containers: Gas cylinders, Cartridges & aerosol cans.
- 13. HEALTH HAZARDS OF HOSPITALWAST i. PROLIFERATION OF RODENTS ii. BREEDING OF FLIES AND INSECTS iii. AIR POLLUTION iv. LAND POLLUTION v. WATER POLLUTION vi. TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIONS LIKE HIV, HEPATITIS-B, OTHER MICROBES vii. BAD ODOUR
- 14. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES: 1. INCINERATION Hightemperature and dry oxidation process that reduces organic and combustible waste to inorganic and incombustible matter and results in significant reduction in waste volume and weights
- 15. ☺Double-chamber pyro lyticincinerators specially designed to burn infectious health-care waste ☺Single-chamber furnaces with static grate, used only if pyro lytic incinerators are not affordable ☺Rotary kilns operating at high temperature, capable of causing decomposition of geno toxic substances and heat-resistant chemicals.
- 16. 2. DISINFECTION Chemical disinfection:used for treating liquid waste by adding chemicals. Thermal disinfection: generally used for treating solid waste
- 17. 3. STERILIZATION Steam sterilization:autoclave used to disinfect waste. Microwave irradiation: (2450 MH3 wave length 12.24 m ) water is heated with waste and then infectious component is destroyed by heat conduction.
- 18. 4. LANDFILL ORLAND DISPOSAL Open dumps: not recommended. Sanitary landfills: Disposing of certain types of health-care waste (infectious waste and small quantities of pharmaceutical waste) in sanitary landfills is acceptable.
- 19. 5. INERTIZATION: Mixing wastewith cement and other substances before disposal. 65% pharmaceutical work 15% lime 15% cement 5% waters
- 20. BIO MEDICAL WASTEMANAGEMENT IN INDIA Vials , broken Glasses, Needles, Surgical blades, Scalpels, Ampoules & Lancets
- 21. Yellow: incineration ordeep burn. Red: autoclaving, microwaving, chemical treatment. Blue: destruction. Black: disposal in secured land filling.
- 22. HANDLING OF BIOHAZARDOUSWASTE 1.GENERATION, 2.WASTE SEGREGATION, 3.COLLECTION
- 23.
- 24. ROLE OF NURSEIN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT oREGULAR VISIT TO ALL WARDS AND HIGH RISK UNITS. oENSURING THAT SAMPLES (BLOOD, STOOL, URINE ETC) ARE COLLECTED AND DISPOSE SAFELY. oMONITORING AND SUPERVISING THE STAFF WEATHER THEY ARE DOING SAFE DISPOSAL OF WASTEAS COLOUR CODED. oPREVENTION OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS BY FOLLOWING UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS.
- 25. • USE PERSONALPROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WHILE HANDLING WASTE. 25 MT-Bio Medical Waste Management -V2.0-2016- 05-29 ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- 26. • Avoid needlestick injuries. • Collect waste when the bin is 3/4th full. • Avoid using common lift to move waste. • Avoid spillage. • Clean spills with disinfectant. 26 ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- 27. 1)Never overload bins usedfor storing Bio Medical Waste 2)General waste to be put in black container. PRECUTIONS TAKEN DUURING BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- 28. 3)Display the Bio-HazardousSymbol and the types of waste to be put in each container as per Schedule
- 29. 4)Never transfer sharps directly from personto person 5)Do not inhale chemicals directly. Use always mask