Biomolecules - Lipids & Classification - Biochemistry (203T)
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Lipids are organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They can be classified into four main categories: simple lipids, complex lipids, derived lipids, and miscellaneous lipids. Simple lipids include fats, oils, and waxes, which are esters of fatty acids and glycerol. Complex lipids contain additional groups like phosphate and are divided into phospholipids, glycolipids, and lipoproteins. Derived lipids are hydrolysis products of simple and complex lipids. Miscellaneous lipids include carotenoids and terpenes. Lipids serve important functions like energy storage, carrying fat-soluble vitamins, cell signaling, and emulsification.
![- Biomolecules [
โlipidsโ ] -](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/biomolecules-200110104252/85/Biomolecules-Lipids-Classification-Biochemistry-203T-1-320.jpg)
![- Complex lipids -
โข These are esters of fatty acids with alcohols containing Additional groups such as
Phosphate, carbohydrates , proteins etc..
โ They divided into four parts =
โข ( A ). Phospholipids : Contains โ Phosphoric acidโ.
โ They divided into two sub types โ
โข [ 01 ]. Glycerophospholipids = Ex. Lecithin , cephalin etc.[contain glycerol as the alcohol ]
โข [ 02 ]. Sphingophospholipids = Ex. Sphingomyelin. [ alcohols in this group of phospholipids ]
โข ( B ). Glycolipids = Ex. Cerebrosides & gangliosides etc.
โข ( C ). Lipoprotein = Complex of lipids with proteins.
โข ( D ). Other complex lipids = Sulfolipids , Amino lipids..](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/biomolecules-200110104252/85/Biomolecules-Lipids-Classification-Biochemistry-203T-5-320.jpg)
![- Functions of lipids -
โ They are the concentrated fuel reserve of the body.
โ They serve the source of fat soluble vitamins [ A, D, E, K ].
โ Lipids are important as cellular metabolic regulators.
โ Lipids dissolve the ingredients & forms a mixture.
โ Combine with protein in four to form gluten.
โ Ex : water , milk, buttermilk, & fruit juice etc..](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/biomolecules-200110104252/85/Biomolecules-Lipids-Classification-Biochemistry-203T-8-320.jpg)
Biomolecules - Lipids & Classification - Biochemistry (203T)
- 2. = Lipids = โข โ Lipids may be regarded as organic substances relatively insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents ( alcohols , ether etc. ), actually or potentially related to fatty acids & utilized by the living cellsโ . โ โAMPHIPATHICโ , has โCarboxyl Groupโ at polar end-hydrophilic. โ Types of amphipathic โ โข Unsaturated : Contains double bond. โข Saturated : Ex. Animal fats.
- 3. = Classification of lipids = โข Lipids divided into most common four parts : โข 01. Simple lipids. โข 02. Complex lipids. โข 03. Derived lipids. โข 04. Miscellaneous lipids.
- 4. - Simple lipids - โ The simple lipids include fats , oils & waxes. These simple lipids are derivatives of lipid- like substance call โfatty acidsโ.. โ Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. โข Mainly of two types โ โ A. Fats & Oils โ These are esters of fatty acids & glycerol. -Difference b/w fats & oils is physical. โ B. Waxes โ Esters of fatty acids + alcohol other than glycerol. - Cetyl alcohol is most commonly used. - Waxes used in the preparation of candles, lubricants , cosmetics , ointments & polishes..
- 5. - Complex lipids - โข These are esters of fatty acids with alcohols containing Additional groups such as Phosphate, carbohydrates , proteins etc.. โ They divided into four parts = โข ( A ). Phospholipids : Contains โ Phosphoric acidโ. โ They divided into two sub types โ โข [ 01 ]. Glycerophospholipids = Ex. Lecithin , cephalin etc.[contain glycerol as the alcohol ] โข [ 02 ]. Sphingophospholipids = Ex. Sphingomyelin. [ alcohols in this group of phospholipids ] โข ( B ). Glycolipids = Ex. Cerebrosides & gangliosides etc. โข ( C ). Lipoprotein = Complex of lipids with proteins. โข ( D ). Other complex lipids = Sulfolipids , Amino lipids..
- 6. = Derived lipids = โข Thee are the derivatives of hydrolysis of simple & complex lipids which possess the characteristics lipids. โข These include โ โ Lipid soluble vitamins. โ Steroid hormones. โ Hydrocarbons. โข Ketones bodies. โข Mono & diacylglycerol etc..
- 7. - Miscellaneous lipids - โ A large number of compounds possess characteristics of lipids , such compounds come under this category. โ Ex : carotenoids, squalene, hydrocarbons like pentacosone & terpenes etc.
- 8. - Functions of lipids - โ They are the concentrated fuel reserve of the body. โ They serve the source of fat soluble vitamins [ A, D, E, K ]. โ Lipids are important as cellular metabolic regulators. โ Lipids dissolve the ingredients & forms a mixture. โ Combine with protein in four to form gluten. โ Ex : water , milk, buttermilk, & fruit juice etc..