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Bionanotechnology , Interface of nanotechnology and biology
- 1. NANO BIOTECHNOLOGY Presenter: Dr.Muhammad Haneef PhD: Bionanotechnology (Italy) PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Lecture 3nd
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- 3. Topics of theday • Interface between Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology
- 4. ❑ Bio-Nano Interfacedeals with the convergence between the subcellular biomolecular machinery operating at the nanoscale and their interaction with nanoscale materials. ❑ The exploitation of this fundamental interface interaction leads to the emergence of a highly important area of research coined as “Nanobiotechnology.” ❑ The research on interfaces under the area of “Nanobiotechnology,” helps in understanding the fundamental biomolecular machinery and its dimensions at the nanoscale.
- 5. ❑ The possibleinteractions with nanoscale materials emerge either from man-made stimuli or through natural stimulations such as the physiochemical environmental interactions with/without the involvement of biological systems. ❑ Biomolecules operating at the nano level are intelligent nanomachines capable of storing the genetic information and controlling the complex biological macrosystems.
- 6. ❖ The emergenceof supramolecular chemistry has had a profound effect on how efficiently prepare the structures of different sizes and shapes with dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nm using spontaneous secondary interactions such as hydrogen bonding, dipoledipole, charge transfer, van der Waals, and π−π stacking interactions.
- 7. NANO & TECHNOLOGY •Livingproof of principle living cells are known to distinguish between natural structures differing from one another at the nanoscale, suggesting that artificial mimics may also be used to invoke specific living responses. • Man– machine interface aspect: how can humans control atomic-scale assembly? • The literal physical boundary between a living organism and a nanomaterial, device or system.
- 8. The “physical” bio–nanointerface 1. the organismal scale (e.g., wearing clothing) 2. 2. the cellular scale (e.g., cell adhesion) 3. 3. the molecular scale (e.g., protein adsorption).
- 9. •Its study includesmolecular systems, tubular and spherical nanostructures and well organized self assembled devices and machines. •In all these simple components at the nanometric scale join together to form complex machines, devices or instruments by spontaneous process that involve molecular recognition and self assembly events
- 10. Supramolecular chemistry: • Thestudy of the structure and function of the entities formed by association of two or more chemical species by noncovalent interactions. • These superamolecules are distinct structures different from regular molecules which are formed through chemical covalent bonding b/w atoms. • The non covalent structures are called assemblies.
- 11. • Many biologicalentities can be considered as supramolecular assemblies e.g functional dimers (Fos-Jun transcription factor)
- 12. ➢ Naturally occurringDNA, the best known self-assembling structure in biological systems, exists in a double helical form. ➢ The two single strands are held together by a number of hydrogen bonds, involving acidic hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the purine and pyrimidine bases in order to maintain the double helical structure Process of self assembly and self organization
- 13. • Based onmolecular recognition, relatively simple building blocks recognize each other, associate with one another and then associate with other molecules to finally form a well organized functional entity. • Central to all biological systems as all living cells evolve from simple building blocks which spontaneously associate into complex networks and structures.
- 14. • Bio moleculesand biological building blocks naturally act as recognition devices or machines for instance ribosome the complex protein assembly line. • Complex structures such as plant and animal viruses could be made by association at the nano scale. • High specificity and spontaneity of biological processes may lead for the self association of complex organic and inorganic nano machines and nano devices. Bottom-up approach
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- 16. • Improvement ofthe technology is focused to fabricate the material for achieving nanoscale applications. • For instance using electromagnetic radiations of shorter wavelength for fabrication of nano materials. • These two approaches bridge the nanotech with biotech and provided an interface module for nanobiotech for development of procedures for miniaturized machines and devices . Top-down approach
- 17. Formation of orderedstructures at nano scale 1. DNA strands can form molecular junctions, to self assemble into two dimensional nanowires and three dimensional nanocubes. 2. Peptide molecules self assemble into tubes, spheres, plates and hydrogels with nanoscale order. 3. These nano scale peptide assemblies have many applications in tissue engineering and regeneration, design of novel antibacterial agents and in fabrication of metallic nanowires.
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