Bk35349352

Bk35349352

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  Mayank N Madiaet al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.349-352 www.ijera.com 349 | P a g e Effect of Focal Length on Surface Roughness of 1mm Thin Brass Sheet Mayank N Madia1 , Prof. Dhawal M Patel2 1 P G. Student U. V. Patel College of Engineering, Kherva,Gujrat. 2 Associate Professor, U .V. Patel College of Engineering, Kherva,Gujrat. Abstract The Laser cutting characteristics including power level and focal length are investigated in order to obtain surface roughness with maximum cutting speed. The surface roughness is investigated for a laser power range of 1000–1500W and focal length 122-132, gas pressure 18 bar constant for brass materials.This paper is studied the effect of focal length on surface roughness 1mm thin brass sheet using an nitrogen as assist gas. The cutting cross section was measured surface roughness. The variation was analyzed with laser power and focal length. We use here plasma detector sensor for predetermined cutting speed. The full factorial method is used for cutting speed and surface roughness. Result revealed that good quality cuts can be produced in brass sheets, at a window of laser power1500 watt and focal length 122 mm surface roughness is 1.941µm and 7500mm/min cutting speed is achieved. I. Introduction Laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a coherent and amplified beam of electromagnetic radiation. The key element in making a practical laser is the light amplification achieved by stimulated emission due to the incident photons of high energy. [1]. Laser cutting of metals has become a reliable technology for industrial production. Currently, it is considered as a feasible alternative to mechanical cutting and blanking due to its flexibility and ability to process variable quantities of sheet metal parts in a very short time with very high programmability and minimum amount of waste. Laser cutting does not need special fixtures or jigs for the work piece because it is a non-contact operation. Additionally, it does not need expensive or replaceable tools and does not produce mechanical force that can damage thin or delicate work pieces. [2]. Laser cutting is the process of melting or vaporizing material in a very small, well defined area. Processes of heating, melting, and evaporation are produced by the laser beam affecting a workpiece surface. A desired cut is obtained by moving the laser beam along a given contour. Laser beam is a cutting tool able to cut all materials, focused into a very small spot diameter concentrating thousands of Watts. [3] To achieve a maximum efficiency from the laser, the laser beam needs to be properly focused on the workpiece. [4]. Various focal length (122,127 & 132 mm) are used for 1mm thin Brass sheet. II. Experimental Procedure The experiments were performed on as received 1 mm thin sheets of brass. Experiments were conducted using a continuous wave Bhramastra futurex fiber laser cutting machine with the 2 kW maximum output power. We cut 25 mm × 25 mm piece from the brass sheet. Surface roughness was inspected using Mitutoyo surface roughness tester SJ- 210. Fig: 1 Bhramastra futurex- Fibre Laser Cutting Machine Table 1 Technical specifications Parameters Unit CW power Operation mode CW/QC W Nominal output power KW 2 Beam Emission wave length nm 1070- 1080 Beam Parameter product Mm*r ad 6 Output fiber core diameter of feeding fiber µm 150 Fiber length m 10 Polarization Random RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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  Mayank N Madiaet al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.349-352 www.ijera.com 350 | P a g e Electrical Operating voltage 3-phase VAC 400-460 Power Frequency Hz 50/60 Power consumption KW 15 Cooling Laser cooling water Temperature Range ºc 22-24 Laser cooling water Flow rate I/min 5 Environment Operating ambient air temperature range ºc 10-50 Humidity with Built in conditioner % 95 Storage temperature ºc -40 to +75 Working area X Y Z mm 3030×15 50×150 Weight Kg 750 III.Plasma detector sensor In this paper the cutting speed is decided by plasma detector sensor as plasma formation starts cutting speed reduces we consider it as maximum cutting speed. The cutting speed is predetermined in sensor. Machining condition changing means for changing to decrease feeding speed as output of laser beam radiation which is instructed by said machining program. When said plasma detection judging means outputs result judged that said plasma was detected. [5] Table 2 Technical specification of plasma detector sensor Carrier gases Oxygen and nitrogen Power 80 to 240 VAC, 50-60Hz Gas connections 1/16” OPERATION outlet pressure Atmospheric or vacuum Operating temperature 100 to 500 C Filter 10u SS particle filter on the gas inlet Detector signal output connection BNC coaxial type Power consumption Max 10 watts III. Chemical composition of material Table 3 Brass chemical composition IV.Parameters (a) Input parameters Table 4 Input parameters and their levels Here, LP = Laser power, (watt) FL = Focal Length, (mm) CS = Cutting speed, (mm/min) SR = Surface Roughness, (µm) Gas pressure is constant at nitrogen 18bar for all runs and all other parameters are constant. Focus position on the surface (0.0mm). (b)Output parameters Here main output parameter is surface roughness(µm) and cutting speed ,as cutting speed (mm/min)value is predetermined in the sensor for plasma formation but we take it before the formation of plasma so surface roughness is remain in acceptable range. Elements % Compositions Tin 0.240 Lead 0.330 Zinc 41.330 Nickel 0.100 Iron 0.136 Copper 57.680 No. Factors Levels Factors levels value 1 LP(watt) 3 1000/1200/1500 2 FL(mm) 3 122/127/132
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  Mayank N Madiaet al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.349-352 www.ijera.com 351 | P a g e V. Experimental table Table 5 Results of Cutting speed and surface roughness for Brass VI. Result and discussions As per ANOVA Analysis we can find the percentage contribution of input parameters for Surface Roughness as shown in below Table- 6. Table 6 Summary of ANOVA calculation for Surface Roughness Brass After the manual calculations table we obtained 14 % error in brass (N2) for surface roughness shown in table 6, but if we consider interaction effect of both the parameters A & B than pure error comes to 0. This has been done using design expert software shown in table 7. Table 7 Summary of Design expert ANOVA calculation for Surface Roughness Brass Fig .2 Laser Power, Focal Length v/s Surface Roughness of Brass (N2) VII. Results and discussions: From figure 2 as the Laser Power is 1000 Watts the focal length is increases from 122 to 132 then the Surface Roughness is increases from 2.657 to 8.929 μm. Cutting speed is decreases 5500 to 1500 mm/min with increases focal length. Similarly, for the Laser Power is taken 1200 Watts then Surface Roughness is increases from 2.319 to 6.153μm and the cutting speed decreases 6800 to 2000 mm/min with increases in focal length. The Laser Power is taken 1500 Watts the focal length increases 122 to 132 mm then Surface Roughness is increases from 1.941 (is best result of this experiment) Source Sum of squares Degree of freedom Mean square Model 42.39 8 5.30 A- LASER POWER 12.74 2 6.37 B-FOCAL LENGTH 23.64 2 11.82 AB 6.00 4 1.50 Pure Error 0.000 0 COR TOTAL 42.39 8 INPUT PARAMETERS OUTPUT PARAMETERS Sr. No L P (watt) FL (mm) CS (mm/mi n) SR (µm) 1 1000 122 5500 2.657 2 127 3500 4.876 3 132 1500 8.929 4 1200 122 6800 2.319 5 127 4000 3.07 6 132 2000 6.153 7 1500 122 7500 1.941 8 127 5000 2.379 9 132 2500 3.422 Source of variation Sum of squares Mean square Varian ce ratio F % contrib ution Factor-A, Laser power 2 12.742 6.371 6.3713 0.300 Factor-B, Focal length 2 23.641 11.82 11.820 0.557 Error –E 5 6.0024 1.000 1 0.141 Total 9 1
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  Mayank N Madiaet al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.349-352 www.ijera.com 352 | P a g e to 3.422 μm. Cutting speed is decreases 7500 to 2000 mm/min with increases focal length. VIII. Conclusion The effects of focal length and Laser Power on quality characteristics of laser cut brass specimens have been studied in this work. As per ANOVA we can found that the Factor B –focal length is most significant factor for Surface Roughness of brass 1 mm thin sheet. Improper focal length affects the surface roughness and cutting speed. Results revealed that good quality cuts can be produced in brass sheets, at a window of laser cutting speed 7500 mm/min and at a power of 1500 Watts surface is 1.491 μm. References [1] Avanish Kumar Dubey, Vinod Yadava “Laser beam machining review paper”, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 48 (2008) 609–628 [2] Miroslav RADOVANOVIC, Predrag DASIC ,“Research on surface roughness by laser cut.” The Annals of university “DUNĂREA DE JOS “ OF GALAŢI FASCICLE VIII, 2006 (XII), ISSN 1221-4590 [3] K. Abdel Ghany , M. Newishy,2005. “Cutting of 1.2mm thick austenitic stainless steel sheet using pulsed and CW Nd:YAG laser” Journal of Materials Processing Technology 168 (2005) 438–447 [4] Abdulla Khudiar Abass “Calculating the Focusing Effect of Laser Beam on the Penetrating & Cutting Speed” , Eng. & Tech. Journal, Vol.28, No.3, 2010 [5] Yamazaki et al.“Plasma Detector and laser beam machine with plasma detector.” United States Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0178749 A [6] P.S Chaudhary, Prof D.M Patel, “Parametric effect of fiber laser cutting on surface roughness in 5mm thick mild steel sheet (IS- 2062)”, International journal of engineering research and technology.ISSN:2278-0181, Vol. 1 issue 6 August, 2012.