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BMW By Dr. Anup kumar.pptx
- 1. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT By: Dr.Anup Kumar Yadav Hospital Administration 10/5/2023 1
- 2. DEFINITION “Any Waste generatedduring the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining or in the production / testing of biological substances or in health camps ”.
- 3. OBJECTIVES To understand: Hazardsof BMW Categories of BMW Best practices for disposal of BMW Individual responsibilities Right waste in Right bag at the point of generation
- 4. BMW (MANAGEMENT &HANDLING RULES) NOTIFICATIONS ANDAMENDMENTS Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India: Bio- medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules -20th July, 1998 . 1st amendment - 2000 2nd amendment- 2003 3rd amendment- 2011 New BMW (M) Rules- 28th March, 2016. BMW (amendment) Rules, 2018.
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- 6. 6 TYPES OF HOSPITALWASTE 1. GENERAL WASTE: • Paper, card board, tissue, packing material. • Aluminum foils. • Tea bags, disposable plates, glass, bottles. • Used polythene bags. • Vegetables, fruit peels and left over food. • Non infected plastic covers and papers. • Any other non infectious waste.
- 7. 7 2. BIOMEDICAL WASTE: •Soiled cotton, swabs, dressings, bandages, plaster casts. • Amputated body parts, pathological specimens. • Microbiology, laboratory waste. • Plastics, disposable syringes. • Tubing, catheters and bags. • Sharps, blood bags. • Human parts, placenta etc.
- 8. 8 • 80% GeneralWaste. • 15% Infectious & Anatomical Waste. • 3% Chemical And Pharmaceutical. • 1% Radioactive waste with Heavy metal. • 1% Sharps. BREAK-UP OF WASTE GENERATED
- 11. BIOMEDICAL WASTE HANDLING& MANAGEMENT RULES 2016
- 12. Biomedical waste classifiedinto four categories based on treatment options Category Type of bag / container used Type of waste Treatment/ disposal options Non- chlorinated plastic bags Separate collection system leading to effluent treatment system a) Human Anatomical Waste b) Animal Anatomical Waste c) Soiled Waste d) Expired or Discarded Medicines & Cytotoxic drugs along with glass or plastic ampoules, vials etc. e) Chemical Waste f) Micro, Bio-t and other clinical lab waste g) Chemical Liquid Waste h) Discarded linen, mattresses, beddings contaminated with blood or body fluids. Also routine mask & gown as per BMW rules, 2018. Incineration or Plasma pyrolysis or deep burial*
- 13. Non- chlorinated plastic bags or containers Contaminated Waste (Recyclable) Vacutainers,tubing, bottles, intravenous tubes and sets, catheters, urine bags, syringes (without needles) and gloves Autoclaving/mi crowaving/hydr oclaving and then sent for recycling, not sent to landfill (Translucent) Puncture, Leak, tamper proof Containers Waste sharps including Metal sharps-Needles, Syringes with fixed needles, Needles from needle tip cutter/burner, Scalpels, Blades Auto or Dry Heat Sterilization followed by shredding or mutilation or encapsulation
- 14. Cardboard boxes with blue colored Marking. Puncture proofand leak proof boxes or containers with blue colored marking, as per BMW rules, 2018 Broken/ discarded glass- Medicine vials & ampoules except those contaminated with cytotoxic wastes. Metallic Body Implants Disinfection or autoclaving, microwaving, hydroclaving and then sent for recycling
- 17. STEPS IN BMWMANAGEMENT AS PER BMW RULES 2016 Generation Segregation Collection Transport Storage Treatment Disposal
- 18. 18 GENERATION of BMW •Doctors, Nurses, Technicians, Pharmacists, Receptionists, Secretaries, Cooks, Store keepers, Housekeeping staff, Maintenance staff, Administrators, Officers, Gardeners, Security staff, Food outlets etc. • Around 3 million tons of Medical waste is generated in India every year, and this amount is expected to grow at 8% annually. The generation rate is approximately 0.5 and 1.0 Kg per bed per day.
- 19. GMCH 32 BMWGeneration Total BMW waste generation :- • per day :- approx.. 600 kg per day (.59kg /bed ) • Per month :- approx. 18000 kg Total general waste :- 23200 • Daily o RED bag :- o Blue bag :- o White bag :- o Yellow bag :- o General waste :-
- 20. 20 SEGREGATION • Segregation isconsidered the most important aspect. • It refers to the basic separation of different categories of waste done at source of generation of bio-medical waste • Effective segregation alone can ensure effective bio-medical waste management. • Proper segregation is achieved through training, clear standards, and tough enforcement.
- 21. DISINFECTION Using 1% bleachingpowder (Calcium hypochlorite) solution- Three to four tablespoons of bleaching powder in one liter of water is needed to prepare 1% bleaching powder solution. oContainer -air tight. oContact time-Half hour for any infected material. oStability - 3 hrs. Sodium hypochlorite solution can also be used but it is costlier and decreases the life of the linen. 10/5/2023 21
- 22. • Dumping- thetissues should not be disinfected, as it delays the decomposition. • Treatment of spillage: layer of 1% bleaching powder solution for ½ hr. and then soaked with cotton which should then be put in the yellow bin. • Disinfection of the sputum cups: The sputum cup is filled with 5% phenol for 18 hrs. Its cover is tightly closed and then it is put in the container having 1% bleaching powder solution. Cups are then shredded. 10/5/2023 22
- 23. 10/5/2023 23 TRANSPORTATION • Wasteroutes are designated to avoid the passage of waste through patient care areas. • Dedicated wheeled plastic drums are used to transport the waste bins to the main storage areas. They are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in the event of any spillage. • The bags/container containing BMWs are labeled before transporting and it is accompanied with a register/record of what waste is being transported mentioning date, shift, quantity and destination.
- 24. 10/5/2023 24 STORAGE Biomedical wastestorage areas should be separate from general waste storage areas. Clear signs indicating “For Biomedical Waste Only”. should be indicated with a caution sign.. • The areas should be locked and a care taker should be able to operate the storage area around the clock if necessary. • The storage area is away from public access and routes and is easily accessible to internal and off site transport. • Well lit and ventilated
- 25. 10/5/2023 25 TREATMENT &DISPOSAL WHY TREAT?? • To disinfect the waste so that it is no longer the source of infection • To reduce the volume of the waste • Make waste unrecognizable for aesthetic reasons • Make recycled items unusable.
- 26. 10/5/2023 26 METHODS OFDISPOSAL Secured Landfill: Incinerator ash, discarded medicines, Cytotoxic substances and solid chemical waste. Deep burial: Pathological waste, anatomical body parts, sharps. In deep burial there are 2 types of pits: well covered: For sharps: A “pucca” pit of size 2×2 meters with concrete roof and an outlet of 4 inches diameter in the form of one foot size PVC pipe. For Decomposable material: A “kuchcha” pit of the same size should be constructed covered with steel structure.
- 27. 10/5/2023 27 HAZARDS OFHOSPITAL WASTE Air pollution Water pollution Land pollution Transmission of infections
- 28. SUMMARY • The properhandling of the biomedical waste is a responsibility of the In-charge of the Institution. • It is responsibility of the In-charge to get the authorization/renewal of authorization from the prescribed authority. • The segregation of the waste is the responsibility of the generator and should be done at the point of generation. • Team work and team spirit are required to implement it effectively. 10/5/2023 28
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