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BODY FLUIDS.pptx
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- 2. Introduction Body isformed by solids and fluids. Fluid part is more than two third of the whole body. Water forms most of the fluid part of the body. In human beings, the total body water varies from 45% to 75% of body weight. In old age, water content is decreased due to increase in adipose tissue. Total quantity of body water in an average human being weighing about 70 kg is about 40 L.
- 5. SIGNIFICANCE OFBODY FLUIDS - „IN HOMEOSTASIS - IN TRANSPORT MECHANISM - IN METABOLIC REACTIONS - „IN TEXTURE OF TISSUES - „IN TEMPERATURE REGULATION
- 6. COMPARTMENTS OF BODYFLUIDS – DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FLUIDS Total water in the body is about 40 L. It is distributed into two major compartments: ECF ICF
- 11. CONCENTRATION OFBODY FLUIDS Concentration of body fluids is expressed in three ways: 1. Osmolality 2. Osmolarity 3. Tonicity.
- 12. OSMOLALITY Measure ofa fluid’s capability to create osmotic pressure is called osmolality or osmotic (osmolar) concentration of a solution. In simple words, it is the concentration of osmotically active substance in the solution. Osmolality is expressed as the number of particles (osmoles) per kilogram of solution (osmoles/kg H2O).
- 13. OSMOLARITY Osmolarity isanother term to express the osmotic concentration. It is the number of particles (osmoles) per liter of solution (osmoles/L).
- 14. Tonicity: It isthe measure of effective osmolality. In terms of tonicity, the solutions are classified into three categories: i. Isotonic fluid ii. Hypertonic fluid iii. Hypotonic fluid.
- 15. i. IsotonicFluid Fluid which has the same effective osmolality (tonicity) as body fluids is called isotonic fluid. Examples are 0.9% sodium chloride solution (normal saline) and 5% glucose solution Red blood cells or other cells placed in isotonic fluid (normal saline) neither gain nor lose water by osmosis . This is because of the osmotic equilibrium between inside and outside the cell across the cell membrane.
- 16. Hypertonic Fluid: Fluidwhich has greater effective osmolality than the body fluids is called hypertonic fluid. Example is 2% sodium chloride solution. When red blood cells or other cells are placed in hypertonic fluid, water moves out of the cells (exosmosis) resulting in shrinkage of the cells (crenation).
- 17. Hypotonic Fluid Fluidwhich has less effective osmolality than the body fluids is called hypotonic fluid. Example is 0.3% sodium chloride solution. When red blood cells or other cells are placed in hypotonic fluid, water moves into the cells (endosmosis) and causes swelling of the cells Now the red blood cells become globular (sphereocytic) and get ruptured (hemolysis).
- 19. „MAINTENANCE OFWATER BALANCE Body has several mechanisms which work together to maintain the water balance. Dehydration is defined as excessive loss of water from the body. Body requires certain amount of fluid intake daily for normal functions. Minimum daily requirement of water intake is about 1 L. This varies with the age and activity of the individual. The most active individuals need 2 to 3 L of water intake daily. Dehydration occurs when fluid loss is more than what is consumed.
- 21. WATER INTOXICATION OR OVERHYDRATION Waterintoxication is the condition characterized by great increase in the water content of the body. It is also called overhydration, hyperhydration, water excess or water poisoning.
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