BONE leugcutctucucut vutvtuctutu cture.ppt

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SKELETAL TISSUES
BONE TISSUE
Associate Professor Kharchenko S.V.
Department of Histology and Embryology
Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky

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BONE TISSUE

This is a specialized type of connective
tissue with high mineralization of the
intercellular substance.
 It contains 67-70% of inorganic salts
represented by salts of calcium
phosphates.
 Organic matter of bone is represented
by proteins and lipids.

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BONE TISSUE
PRYMARY
RETICULOFIBROSIS
SECONDARY LAMELLAR

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RETICULARFIBROUS BONE
TISSUE
 It is found in skeleton of
fetus, in adults - in the
places of attachment of
tendons to bones, in
places of cranial sutures,
in dental alveoli, in the
bony labyrinth of the inner
ear. May appear during
regeneration in places of
bone damage.

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LAMELLAR BONE
 t is characterized by an ordered arrangement of collagen
fibers in the composition of bone lamella.
 Bone lamella form parallel concentric layers - osteons -
structural and functional units of the compact bone

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CELLS OF BONE
 OSTEOGENIC DIFFERON
 Osteogenic cell - osteoblast -
osteocyte
 HEMATOGENOUS DIFFERON
 PHSC - Promonocyte - Monocyte -
Osteoclast

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OSTEOBLASTS - cells
building bone tissue
 They are located on the
surface of bone spicules in
the developing bone.
 After the final formation of
the bone - in the deep
layers of the periosteum or
in places of bone damage.
 They have a cuboidal or
poligonal in shape.

FUNCTION OF OSTEOBLAST
Create a bone in two stages:
1. Actively synthesize the organic bone
matrix (osteoid). For this, the cell
contains a well-developed synthetic
apparatus.
2. Provide mineralization of osteoid
due to the enzyme alkaline
phosphatase.

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OSTEOCYTE
 Highly differentiated
cells
 They have cell body
and process.
 with a large nucleus
and basophilic
cytoplasm.
 Body located in bone
cavities – lacunae,
process in the
canaliculi.
 Provide the exchange
of water, proteins and
ions in bone tissue

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 1- nucleus
 2- cytoplasm;
 3-process;
4- lacuna;
5- osseomucoid;
6- ossein fibers
Compact substance of the diaphysis of the long bone. Ув7000

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OSTEOCLAST
 Polynuclear macrophages of bone tissue are formed from
blood monocytes. They are located on the surface of bone
plates.
 The osteoclast cytoplasm zone adjacent to the bone plate
forms a ruffled border (cytoplasmic outgrowths that contain
many lysosomes)

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Osteoclast
 On the periphery of the osteoclast there is a zone of
tight fit, which seals the area of action of enzymes
 Functions - destruction of calcified cartilage and
bone

Long bone as an organ
 Consists of:
 - head of the long bone - epiphysis
 - long bone bodies - diaphysis
 - bone marrow cavity
 The epiphysis is formed by a spongy substance
and contains red bone marrow
 The diaphysis is formed by several layers. It
basically has a compact substance.
 The bone marrow cavity is filled with yellow bone
marrow
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The structure of the diaphysis of
the long bone
histologically consists of three layers:
1. The periosteum
2. Compact bone
3. Endostium

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PERIOSTEUM
 PERIOSTIUM consists of 2
layers:
 1. external - fibrous
(contains collagen fibers and
blood vessels enter the bone
through it)
 2. internal - osteogenic
 (contains osteoblasts that
provide bone growth in
thickness and bone
regeneration in case of injury)

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ENDOSTIUM
 Is lining the medullary
canal
 It is formed by loose
fibrous connective tissue,
 where there are
osteoblasts, osteoclasts
and cells of loose
connective tissue

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COMPACT BONE
 Consists of three layers
of bone lamella
 1. External
circumferential (general)
bone lamella
 2. Osteon layer
 3. Internal circumferential
(general) bone lamella

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OSTEON (haversian system)
 Is structural and
functional unit of
bone consists of
bone lamella
concentrically
stacked on top of
each other in the
form of cylinders
inserted one into the
other.
 Osteocytes lie
between the bony
plates in the gaps

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ЛАКУАНАРНО-КАНАЛЬЦЕВАЯ СИСТЕМА

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ГАВЕРСОВА СИСТЕМА
 A blood vessel passes
through the osteon
canal or Haversian
canal.
 Between the osteons
are inserted bone
lamella (remnants of
decaying osteons).

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OSTEOGENESIS PRENATAL
 BONE FORMATION BEGINS ON 1 MONTH OF PRENATAL
DEVELOPMENT
 CONTINUES UNTIL 25 YEARS
 1. INTRAMEMRANOUS BONE FORMATION (DIRECT OSTEOGENESIS
FROM Mesenchyma)
 Characteristic for coarse fibrous bone tissue - flat bones of the skull,
collarbone, phalanx of the fingers
 2. ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION (INDIRECT OSTEOGENESIS from
the cartilage model to the long bone)

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INTRAMEMRANOUS BONE FORMATION
 1. osteogenic islet formation -mesenchymal
cells in places of future flat bones condense and form
dense clusters - skeleton islets! Mesenchymal cells later
differentiate into preosteoblasts-osteoblasts
 2. osteoid stage - osteoblasts begin to form the
intercellular substance of the bone (due to secretion of
ECM components - collagen)
 3. mineralization of the intercellular substance
(impregnation with calcium salts due to enzyme alkaline
phosphatase of osteoblasts ).
 4. bone remodeling and growth - old sections of
primary reticulofibrous bone are gradually destroyed (due
to osteoclasts) and new sections of lamellar bone are
formed in their place (due to osteoblasts)

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INTRAMEMRANOUS BONE FORMATION
 FORMATION OF OSTEOGENIC ISLANDS
 CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND OSTEOID FORMATION
 ORIGINAL OSTEOID

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ПРЯМОINTRAMEMRANOUS BONE FORMATIONЙ ОСТЕОГЕНЕЗ
 The development of bone spicules, trabeculae occurs with
the appositional growth of bone tissue.
 SUCH BONE - PRIMARY SPONGE
 THEN primary bone IS REPLACED BY A - SECONDARY
SPONGY bone

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ENDOCHONDRAL BONE
FORMATION
 BEGINS ON THE SECOND MONTH
 FORMATION OF THE CARTILAGE MODEL
 FORMATION OF THE PERIOSTEAL BONE COLLAR
(PERICONDRAL OSSIFICATION)
 ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION IN THE DIAPHYSIS
 ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION IN THE EPIPHYSIS
 FORMATION OF EPIPHYSICAL PLATES OF GROWTH

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ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION

1. the formation of a cartilage model (hyaling) of
the future bone;
 2. in the area of the diaphysis of the
cartilaginous model, perichondral ossification
occurs
 while the perichondrium turns into the
periosteum, in which stem (osteogenic) cells
differentiate into osteoblasts;
 osteoblasts begin to form bone tissue in the form
of common plates forming a PERIOSTEAL
BONE COLLAR

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endochondral ossification
 3. In parallel with this, endochondral ossification
is also observed, which occurs both in the
diaphysis and in the epiphysis; ossification of the
epiphysis is carried out only by endochondral
ossification; blood vessels grow into the
cartilage, in the adventitia of which there are
osteogenic cells that turn into osteoblasts.
 Osteoblasts, producing intercellular substance,
form bone plates around the vessels in the form
of osteons; cartilage destruction occurs
simultaneously with bone formation

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СПАСИБО ЗА ВНИМАНИЕ

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