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Book-keeping
- 3. BOOK-KEEPING The main aimof every business is to earn profit. Profit is nothing but the excess of Income over expenditure. So to calculate profit the businessman must record the incomes and expenditure related to his business, this recording of business transactions is called book keeping. Thus book-keeping means recording, classifying and summarizing business transaction systematically so that the businessman may be able to know his profit or Loss during a specified period. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 4. BOOK-KEEPING • It isthe recording, on a day-today basis of the financial transactions and information pertaining to a business. It is concerned with ensuring that records of those individual financial transactions are accurate, up-to-date and comprehensive. Bookkeeping provides the information from which accounts are prepared but is a distinct process, preliminary to accounting. Each transaction, whether it is a question of purchase or sale, or change of loans, has to be recorded in the books. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 5. BOOKKEEPING INVOLVES: • Billingfor goods sold or services provided to clients. • Recording receipts from customers. • Verifying and recording invoices from suppliers. • Paying suppliers. • Processing employees' pay and the related governmental reports. • Monitoring individual accounts receivable. • Recording depreciation and other adjusting entries. • Providing financial reports.
- 6. WHY BOOKKEEPING? • Tokeep receipts or other acceptable records of every payment to and every expenditure from our business. • To summarize our income and expenditure records on some periodic basis (generally daily, weekly, or monthly). • To use our summaries to create financial reports that will tell you specific information about our business, such as how much monthly profit you're making or how much your business is worth at a specific point in time.
- 7. EXAMPLE OF BOOK-KEEPING CYCLE www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact:+91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 8. TYPES OF BOOKKEEPING SYSTEMS BOOKKEEPING SYSTEMS SINGLEENTRY SYSTEM www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213 DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM
- 9. SINGLE-ENTRY SYSTEM • ASingle-entry Bookkeeping System is a method of bookkeeping relying on a one sided accounting entry to maintain financial information. • Single-entry Bookkeeping System is commonly used for small businesses with very little or minimal transactions. It is often referred to as simple, practical and informal way of recording. Usually, it only maintains a record of cash disbursement, cash receipts, sales and purchases. All the rest of the accounting records, such as inventory, equipment, capital, etc., are only recorded in the form of memorandum or notes. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 10. DOUBLE-ENTRY SYSTEM • ADouble-entry Bookkeeping system is a set of rules for recording financial information in a financial accounting system in which every transaction or event changes at least two different nominal ledger accounts. • Double-entry bookkeeping, in accounting, is a system of bookkeeping so named because every entry to an account requires a corresponding and opposite entry to a different account. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 11. METHODS OF BOOKKEEPING BOOKKEEPING METHODS MANUAL BOOKKEPING COMPUTERIZED BOOKKEEPING www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact:+91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 12. MANUAL BOOKKEEPING • Manualbookkeeping is the paper-based and traditional way of bookkeeping. Business transactions are recorded manually by hand using manual or paper book of accounts, such as journals books, ledger books and worksheets. • This method of bookkeeping is still widely used especially by small businesses with less complex transactions. Many opt to manual bookkeeping because it is cheaper and easier to maintain. However, the recording process is more tedious than computerized bookkeeping. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 13. COMPUTERIZED BOOKKEEPING • Computerizedbookkeeping is the new and innovative way of recording business transactions. With the use of accounting and bookkeeping software, the bookkeeping process has been made easier, faster and more convenient. • Keep in mind that principles and concepts of traditional bookkeeping process are still implemented and followed in computerized bookkeeping. It only eliminated the tedious tasks involved in manual bookkeeping, thus, it made recording and reporting of business transaction a lot faster and easier. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 14. ELEMENTS OF BOOK-KEEPING •BOOKS • LEDGERS • TRIAL BALANCE www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 15. BOOKS INCLUDES: • • • • • • • • JOURNAL CASH BOOK PURCHASESBOOK SALES BOOK PURCHASE RETURNS BOOK SALES RETURNS BOOK BILLS RECEIVABLES BOOK BILLS PAYABLES BOOK www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 16. JOURNAL • When asmall business makes a financial transaction, they make a journal entry in their accounting journal in order to record that transaction. The transaction is recorded in the general journal or one of the special journals for the most active accounts • Journal entries are an integral part of the accounting process for a small business. Without them, you have no cohesive record of your day-to-day financial transaction. You can't follow the money. You can't satisfy the tax authorities. You won't know your cash flow or profit. Daily journal entries are some of the most important financial records you have. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 17. CASH BOOK • Afinancial journal that contains all cash receipts and payments, including bank deposits and withdrawals. Entries in the cash book are then posted into the general ledger. The cash book is periodically reconciled with the bank statements as an internal method of auditing. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 18. PURCHASES BOOK The PurchaseDay Book records all the invoices it receives under the following headings: – date – supplier – purchase ledger folio (reference to the page number of the purchase ledger, in a manual system) – total amount invoiced – purchases – analysis of purchases (e.g. telephone, electricity, etc….) – The invoice number is not recorded because this is a record of other people’s invoices, which will have all different numbers. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 19. SALES BOOK • Thisis the book of prime entry for credit sales, where all credit sales of the day are listed and totaled. The total is then used as a single posting entry to the sales ledger and also posted to a sales control account in a single total to tally with the underlying sales ledger. However, individual debits are posted separately in the respective sales ledger (or debtors or receivables ledger accounts). www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 20. PURCHASE RETURNS BOOK •This records goods which the business sends back to its suppliers. The business might also receive cash refunds. In the meantime, a debit note might be issued to the supplier. Headings for the purchases returns book would be: • date • supplier • goods • purchase ledger folio • amount www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 21. SALES RETURNS BOOK Whengoods are returned, for whatever reason, this is recorded in the sales returns book. It’s headings might be: – date – customer – goods returned – sales ledger folio – amount www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 22. BILLS RECEIVABLES BOOK •Definition and Explanation: Bills payable book is used to record bill accepted by us. When a bill drawn by our creditor is accepted particulars of the same are recorded in this book. • Posting: In the ledger, the account of each person whose bill has been accepted is debited with the amount of the bill. The monthly total of the bills accepted is credited to the bills payable account ledger. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 23. BILLS PAYABLES BOOK •Definition and Explanation: Bills receivable book is used to record the bills received from debtors. When a bill is received, details of it are recorded in the bills receivable book. • Posting: In the ledger the account of the person from whom each bill is received is credited with the amount of that bill and the periodical total of the book is posted to the debit of bills receivable account. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 24. LEDGERS The book, whichcontains accounts, is known as the ledger also called the Principal Book. Ledger provides necessary information regarding various accounts. Personal accounts in ledger show how much money firm owes to the creditors and the amount it can recover from its debtors. The real accounts show the value of properties and also the value of stock. Nominal accounts reflect the sources of income and also the amount spent on various items. The financial position of the business concern can be ascertained easily at any time with the help of ledger. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
- 25. TRIAL BALANCE After postingthe accounts in the ledger, a Statement is prepared to show separately the debit and credit balances such a statement is known as Trial Balance. There are mainly two methods of preparing Trial Balance : 1. The Totals Method – in this method the totals of each side of the account is entered in Dr. and Cr. Column of the Trial Balance 2. The Balance Method – in this method only the Dr. or Cr. Balances are entered in two columns. www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213
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- 27. BOOK-KEEPING IS APART OF ACCOUNTING www.facebook.com/jackysethia; Contact: +91-9782297977; Whatsapp: +91-8505854213