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Brain Attackdefinitionandidofstrokepresentaiton
- 1. BRAIN ATTACK -STROKE By: Karen Peper RN MSN CFNP ©Providence Hospital 9/07
- 2. Objectives Define StrokeList types of Strokes List risk factors for Stroke Identify the signs and symptoms of Stroke
- 3. Stroke Statistics Strokeis the No. 3 cause of death in the U.S. (#1 – Heart Disease, #2 – Cancer) Stroke kills more than 160,000 American each year On average, every 53 seconds, someone in the US experiences a stroke.
- 4. Stroke Statistics Every3.1 minutes someone dies of a stroke Stroke risk increases with age. For each decade after age 55, the risk of stroke doubles. 72% of all strokes occur in people over the age of 65
- 5. What is aStroke? Brain tissue is damaged from a sudden loss of blood flow, resulting in a loss of neurological function Causes: Blockage (blood clot) occurring inside a blood vessel Blood vessel leaks blood due to rupture
- 6. Types of StrokesIschemic Stroke (85%) Hemorrhagic Stroke (15%)
- 7. Ischemic Stroke Typesof Ischemic Stroke Embolic Stroke Blood clot travels to the brain Thrombotic Stroke Blood flow is blocked to the brain
- 8. Hemorrhagic Stroke Bleedingoccurs from vessels within the brain. High blood pressure or a rupture of a blood vessel or an aneurysm may be the cause.
- 9. Transient Ischemic Attacks(TIAs) A stroke-like event lasting minutes, or hours, that occurs when the brain is deprived of oxygen-rich blood temporarily, but in which the effects wear off completely after the blood-flow returns TIA’s do not result in permanent brain damage TIA is serious and too often ignored
- 10. PLEASE … PayAttention to these symptoms TIA’s should not be ignored More that 1/3 of people will go on to have an actual stroke 5% of strokes will occur within 1 month of the TIA or first stroke 12% will occur within 1 year 20% will occur within 2 years 25% will occur within 3 years
- 11. Stroke affects peopleof All Ages All Ethnic Groups All Backgrounds Most strokes are preventable, take steps NOW to reduce having a stroke! Stroke does not Discriminate
- 12. Signs & Symptomsof Stroke Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
- 13. Strokes occur inthe brain and affect the opposite side of the body
- 14. Everyone… Please standup If you answer yes to any of the following questions, please sit down Thank you
- 15. Risk Factors forStroke Blood Pressure over 120/80? Smoker – exposed to tobacco? Overweight? Diabetes? High Cholesterol? Heart Disease?
- 16. Risk Factors forStroke Family History of Stroke? Physical activity…less than a total of 30 minutes on most days? Man over age of 45, OR a woman over 55 years of age?
- 17. Are you sittingdown? Yes , you are at risk for a stroke, but it doesn’t mean you will have one There are risk factors that can be controlled and risk factors that cannot be controlled
- 18. Risk Factors Riskfactors you can control: DIET - How we eat, do we follow our diet? EXERCISE - Do we exercise or get some physical activity? MEDICATIONS - Taking medications correctly SMOKING - Stop smoking
- 19. Strokes can affectdifferent parts of the brain, this results in patients experiencing different symptoms
- 20. Strokes are anEMERGENCY If you are having a Stroke come to the hospital right away – CALL 9-1-1
- 21. Once You areat the Hospital Diagnostic Testing CT or MRI of the brain EKG Carotid Ultrasound Echocardiogram
- 22.
- 23. EKG – mayshow atrial fibrillation
- 24. Carotid Ultrasound – will show if there is stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessel)
- 25. Echocardiogram –detects if any thrombus (blood clot) within the heart chambers
- 26.
- 27. Blood work -Labs Any labs may be ordered, Lipid Profile (checking your cholesterol level) is done on all patients.
- 28. Recognize the Symptomsof a Stroke 3 Simple Questions Ask the person to smile Ask the person to raise both arms Ask the person to say a simple sentence “The sky is blue in Boston” The sky is blue in Boston
- 29. ACT IN TIMEStroke is a medical emergency . Every minute counts when someone is having a stroke. The longer blood flow is cut off to the brain, the greater the damage. Immediate treatment can save people's lives and enhance their chances for successful recovery
- 30. tPA (Tissue PlasminogenActivator) is a clot-busting drug Ischemic strokes, the most common type of strokes, can be treated with a drug called t-PA, that dissolves blood clots obstructing blood flow to the brain.
- 31. TIME IS BRAINTime is very important in order to receive this medication Window of opportunity to start treating stroke patients is three hours , but to be evaluated and receive treatment, patients need to get to the hospital within 60 minutes.
- 32. Medications Aspirin AggrenoxPlavix Blood pressure medication if appropriate Cholesterol lowering medicines if needed
- 33. Hospital Treatment forStroke Medical Management Dietary Physical & Occupational Therapy Speech Therapy if indicated Nursing
- 34. Hospital Treatment forStroke Rehabilitation Physical Medicine Consult Determine what type of therapy best for patient Rehab Unit Subacute Rehab Extended Care Facility Home Care with PT/OT
- 35. Discharge Planning Startsupon admission to the hospital Consult social worker or care coordinator to help identify discharge needs Provide patient/family with Stroke education Stroke Support Group meetings
- 36. Can you SPOTa Stroke? This is the end of the program Do you have any questions?? THANK YOU….