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Brain Computer Interface ppt
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- 2. Contents • Introduction • BCIModel • Early Work • BCI Approaches • Applications • Current Projects • Conclusion
- 3. Introduction Direct-Nueral Interface(DNI)or Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology, in which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain and the computer. A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body. Computer-brain interfaces are designed to restore sensory function, transmit sensory information to the brain, or stimulate the brain through artificially generated electrical signals.
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- 6. Early work Algorithmsto reconstruct movements from motor cortex neurons, which control movement, were developed in 1970s. The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by implanting electrodes into monkeys. After conducting initial studies in rats during the 1990s, researchers developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce movements in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements in robotic arms.
- 7. History-Monkey first 1990:First successful experiments with monkeys. Implanting electrode arrays into monkey brains. Recording of monkeys‘ brain waves. 2000: Monkeys control robots by thoughts.
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- 11. Basic Components: Implantdevice Signal recording and processing External device used for control Feedback section to the subject
- 12. What is logicalscheme of BCI? appropriate feature extraction Modification of EEG Brain Signals Psychological Effort (Intention) Signal Features Classification Of Intent usertraining appropriate feedback strategy computertraining Brain Computer Environment
- 13. What is themotivation for BCI Research ? Only in USA, more than 200,000 patients live with the motor consequences of serious injury. Motivation for Patients: is to give disable people to communicate, to operate prostheses, and even to operate wheelchairs using brain signals Only the INVASIVE SURGEON TECHNIQUE allows putting electrode into a very local area of a brain uniting a few neurons. These neurons could be belong to the cortex center, for example, for finger control.
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- 15. Invasive Invasive BCIsare implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery. As they rest in the grey matter, invasive devices produce the highest quality signals of BCI devices but are prone to scar- tissue build-up, causing the signal to become weaker or even lost as the body reacts to a foreign object in the brain.
- 16. Semi and NonInvasive Electrocorticography (ECoG) measures the electrical activity of the brain taken from beneath the skull in a similar way to non-invasive electroencephalography but the electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the cortex, beneath the dura mater. Electroencephalography In conventional scalp EEG, the recording is obtained by placing electrodes on the scalp with a conductive gel or paste, usually after preparing the scalp area by light abrasion to reduce impedance due to dead skin cells. Many systems typically use electrodes, each of which is attached to an individual wire. fMRI = Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI exploits the changes in the magnetic properties of hemoglobin as it carries oxygen. Activation of a part of the brain increases oxygen levels there increasing the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) MEG detects the tiny magnetic fields created as individual neurons "fire" within the brain. It can pinpoint the active region with a millimeter, and can follow the movement of brain activity as it travels from region to region within the brain.
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- 18. Applications Provide disabledpeople with communication, environment control, and movement restoration. Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs, vehicles, or assistance robots for people with disabilities. Provide additional channel of control in computer games. Monitor attention in long-distance drivers or aircraft pilots, send out alert and warning for aircraft pilots. Develop intelligent relaxation devices.
- 19. Applications Control robotsthat function in dangerous or inhospitable situations (e.g., underwater or in extreme heat or cold). Create a feedback loop to enhance the benefits of certain therapeutic methods. Develop passive devices for monitoring function, such as monitoring long-term drug effects, evaluating psychological state, etc. Monitor stages of sleep.
- 20. Applications Bionics/Cybernetics. MemoryUpload/Download. Dream Capture. Brain as a Computer. “Google Search” through brain.
- 21. Projects Brain Gate BCI2000 Australian Bionic Eye Honda Asimov Control Kevin Warwick – The First Human Cyborg Gaming Control Many Others….
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- 25. Bionic Eye And anartificial eye can see a lot…
- 26. Existing Solution SuccessfulStory, Wearable BCI ◦ A successful transition of the whole BCI system to the portable device ◦ No machine learning ◦ Limited computational power (limited signal processing) BCI-2000 ◦ A general-purpose system for (BCI) research Source Module (new device new driver) Signal Processing Module (reusable, No Machine Learning) User Application Module (UDP/IP support to be running in any machine) ◦ Platform Microsoft Windows™ 2000/XP C++ language
- 27. Wearable BCI Mobility Communicationtechnologies • Bluetooth • 802.11(wire less –WLAN) • GSM/GPRS PDA instead of stationary computer Dry Electrode instead of wet (reducing montage time) Making the BCI transparent No need to change electrodes for a reasonable long time
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- 29. Functionality of BCI Steps for the function of BCI. 1.user wired to a multi-electrode EEG skin cap, which is connected to a pc running BCI-2000. 2.user of the signal asked to generate a series of signals. 3.EEG potential record and analyze the signal 4.the software attempt to match these signal to previous recorded signals. 5.at last identified words are wrapped on output devices like-screen or speech synthesizer.
- 30. Risk factors andAlternate Solution Undergone through hurdle brain surgery. New surgery for each up gradation Risky and complicated eyes surgery. Use wearable computing devices. External device is good option. Glasses and Lasik operation is best options.
- 31. BCI Drawbacks THE DRAWBACKSOF BCI : - THE BRAIN IS INCREDIBLY COMPLEX, - THE SIGNAL IS WEAK & PRONE TO INTERFENCE, - THE EQUIPMENTS IS LESS THAN PORTABLE,
- 32. Current Projects BerlinBrain-Computer-Interface o Joint Venture of several German research organisations. o Supported by the Ministry of Education and Research. Graz Brain-Computer-Interface o Wide range of research topics. o Impressive combination of BCI and FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation).
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- 34. Conclusion A potentialtherapeutic tool. BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in areas like Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual reality and etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology. Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance, such as treating emotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety), easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities due to stroke. Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon. Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency.