Building Science Project 2 Report

Building Science Project 2 Report

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  SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,BUILDING & DESIGN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE BUILDING SCIENCE 2 (BLD 61303 / ARC 3413) PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION PROJECT (with integration with Design Studio 5 Project 2) Student Name: Patricia Kong Weng Yee Student ID: 0315837 Tutor: Mr. Azim Sulaiman Date of Submission: 30.11.2016
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  TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0– (IN)TRODUCTION 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Project Description 1.3 Floor Plans 2.0 – (LI)GTHING 2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis 2.1.1: Café 2.1.2: Library 2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis 2.2.1: Café 2.2.2: Library 2.3 Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting (PSALI) 2.3.1: Café 2.3.2: Library 3.0 – (RE)FERENCES
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  1.0 – (IN)TRODUCTION 1.1Objectives This project aims to integrate the understanding of the principle of lighting in the context of the final design of Design Studio 5. This project involves the ability to think ahead of the daylighting systems and the integration of artificial lighting in the community library. 1.2 Project Description Located along the streets of Petaling Street in Kuala Lumpur, the new community library integrates a vibrant space for the nearby community. The community library is intended to be an interesting place for them to chill and relax that at the same time welcome people of all ages and backgrounds in. The role of the library is to be the centre of community interaction. With the design concept of proving the community a sense of space, the floors of the library are made with different heights and voids. The community library also integrates a self-sustaining environment whereby there are community spaces like the community kitchen which feeds the homeless people.
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  1.3 Floor Plans Figure1: Floor plan of the café on the first floor
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  Figure 2: Thefloor plan of the library which is situated on the second floor of the library
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  2.0 – (LI)GTHING 2.1Daylighting Factor Analysis Daylighting factor also known as DF for short, is defined as the ration of interior illuminance, Ei, to the available outdoor illuminance, Eo. This can be defined through the formula: 𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝐷𝐹) = 𝐸𝑖 (𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝐸𝑜 (𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) The daylight factor concept is only applicable when the sky distribution is known or can be reasonably estimated. In this case, the average value of the daylight level in Malaysia is assumed to be around 20, 000 lux The daylight factors can be categorized into these few options; Daylight factor, DF (%) Distribution > 6 Very bright with thermal and glare problem 3 – 6 Bright 1 – 3 Average 0 – 1 Dark Table 1: Daylight factor, DF Daylight is used in several spaces initially with the purpose of reducing the usage of mechanical energy usage in the library. In this project, the spaces chosen are the café and the library.
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  2.1.1 – Café Thecafé is a mezzanine floor that adopts an open plan design and placed in the centre with wide openings from both side, allowing possible sunlight to enter into the space. Figure 3: The location of the café on the first floor plan
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  Floor Area (m²)245.30m² Area of Opening Exposed to Sunlight Perimeter: (5.2 + 7.6 + 5.2 + 7.6) = 25.6m Height: 4.5m Area: 25.6 × 4.5 = 115.2m² Daylight Factor DF = E𝑖 E𝑜 ×100% = 115.2 245.3 ×100% = 4.7% Natural Illumination Conclusion Given that E𝑜 is 20,000 lux DF = E𝑖 E𝑜 ×100% 4.7 = E𝑖 20000 ×100% E𝑖 = 940 lux The selected café area has a daylight factor of 4.7% and a natural illuminance of 940 lux. Based on the requirements of MS 1525 whereby the café only required at least 200 lux of illuminance in the area, the café has 7.4% more than the standard requirement causing the space to be bright and a possibility of having thermal glare problems. Therefore, in order to help reduce the illuminance to 200 lux, the opening of both side of the café will be added with double skin façade to prevent thermal glare problems into the café area. Although most of the space of the café is dim due to the lack of sunlight, artificial lights will be added. Figure 4: The light contour diagram of the café (made with Revit)
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  2.1.2 – Library Thesecond space that is selected is the library area. It is located on the second floor of the community library. The reason of choice is due to the presence of area being exposed to the sun by the mass number of opening. Figure 5: The location of the library on the second floor plan Floor Area (m²) 483m² Area of Opening Exposed to Sunlight Perimeter: (9.2+16.1+9.2+16.1) = 50.6m Height: 3.5m Area: 50.6 × 3.5 = 177.1m²
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  Daylight Factor DF = E𝑖 E𝑜 ×100% = 177.1 483 ×100% =3.7% Natural Illumination Conclusion Given that E𝑜 is 20,000 lux DF = E𝑖 E𝑜 ×100% 3.7 = E𝑖 20000 ×100% E𝑖 = 740 lux The selected library area has a daylight factor of 3.7% and a natural illuminance of 740 lux. Based on the standard requirements for a library space in MS 1525, the library has 3.4% more than the requirement in which the space is brighter than the required standard. Therefore, in order to reduce the brightness of the library to the average illuminance value of 400 (as MS 1525 standard requirement is about 300 – 500 lux for the library), the openings of the glass can be tinted with a slight darker colour or adding curtain blinds or louvers blind to the opening, This is to prevent the additional glare into the space. Figure 6: Light contour of the library (made with Revit)
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  2.2 Artificial LightingAnalysis 2.2.1 – Café Material Properties Material Function Colour Surface Type Reflectance Value Concrete Ceiling Grey Reflective 70 Plaster Wall White Reflective 50 Timber Floor Brown Reflective 20 Lighting Fixture Properties Type of Fixture Amadora 3 Light Pendant Specification Width/ Diameter: 720mm Depth: 105mm Height: 1100mm Voltage: 240V Wattage: 53W Bulb Finish: Warm white Colour Temperature: 2700k Lumen Method Calculation Space Café Dimension L: 15.4m W: 8.6m H:4.5m Total floor area 132.44m² Lumens of lighting fixture, F (lux) 774 lm Standard Illumination Requirement 200 Room Reflectance Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.2 Luminance Height 2.4m Mounting Height 1.1m
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  Room Index 𝑅𝐼 = 𝐿×𝑊 𝐻 × (𝐿 + 𝑊) = 15.4 ×8.6 1.1 × (15.4 + 8.6) = 132.44 26.4 = 5.02 Utilization Factor 0.75 Maintenance Factor 0.8 No. of Luminaries 𝑁 = 𝐸 × 𝐴 𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 = 200 × 132.44 774 ×0.75 × 0.8 = 26488 464.4 = 57.04 (57 units) Space to height ratio 𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 1 𝐻 𝑚 ×√ 𝐴 𝑁 𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 1 1.1 ×√ 132.44 57 = 1.39 (m) Fittings required along wall 𝐿 𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 15.4 1.39 = 11.08 (≈ 11 rows) No. of fittings/row = 57 11 = 5.18 (≈ 5 units) Spacing along the width = 8.6 5 = 1.72 (m)
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  Figure 7: Thelight fitting layout of the café Based on the calculation, the café requires a total of 57 units of lighting fixture with a spacing of 1.72m arranged in a 11 by 5 row configuration in order to achieve an even light distribution.
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  Figure 8: Artificiallighting contour diagram of the café (made with Revit) 2.2.2 – Library Material Properties Material Function Colour Surface Type Reflectance Value Concrete Ceiling Grey Reflective 70 Timber Wall Brown Reflective 50 Concrete Floor Grey Reflective 70
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  Lighting Fixture Properties Typeof Fixture LEDlux dawn 48W White Flush Mount in Cool White Specification Width/ Diameter: 1210mm Depth: 120mm Height: 30mm Wattage: 48W Bulb Finish: LED Lights Colour Temperature: Cool White Lumen Method Calculation Space Library Dimension L: 16.1m W: 30.0m H:3.5m Total floor area 483m² Lumens of lighting fixture, F (lux) 4300 lm Standard Illumination Requirement 300 – 500 Room Reflectance Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.7 Luminance Height 2.4m Mounting Height 3.2m Room Index 𝑅𝐼 = 𝐿 ×𝑊 𝐻 × (𝐿 + 𝑊) = 16.1 × 30 3.2 × (16.1 + 30) = 483 147.5 = 3.27 Utilization Factor 0.49 Maintenance Factor 0.8
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  No. of Luminaries 𝑁= 𝐸 × 𝐴 𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 = 400 × 483 4300 × 0.49 × 0.8 = 193200 1685.6 = 114.6 (115 units) Space to height ratio 𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 1 𝐻 𝑚 ×√ 𝐴 𝑁 𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 1 3.2 ×√ 483 115 = 0.64 (m) Fittings required along wall 𝐿 𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 16.1 0.64 = 25.1 (≈ 25 rows) No. of fittings/row = 115 25 = 4.6 (≈ 5 units) Spacing along the width = 30 5 = 6 (m)
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  Figure 9: Librarylighting fitting layout Based on the calculation made, the library requires a total of 115 units of lighting fixture with 6m spacing arranged in 5 by 25 row configuration in order to achieve an evenly distributed light.
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  Figure 10: Artificiallighting contour diagram in the library (made with Revit)
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  2.3 Permanent SupplementaryArtificial Lighting (PSALI) 2.3.1 – Café Figure 11: The proposed reflected ceiling plan and switch arrangement Based on the calculation made, the total of 57 units of luminaries in the café will be controlled by 5 switches. During the day, SW 1 and SW 2 can be switched off where else SW 3, SW 4 and SW 5 is needed to be switched on in order to achieve the minimum light requirement.
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  2.3.2 – Library Figure12: Proposed reflected ceiling plan and switch arrangement for the library After the calculations that were made, the total of 115 units of luminaries will be controlled by 6 switches. As the openings in the library are wide, it allows plenty of sunlight into the library which can enable SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4 and SW5 to be switched off. SW6 is in the toilet and thus is needed to be switched on every now and then. SW3 can be switched on during the day in order to keep the minimum standard requirement of MS 1525.
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  3.0 – (RE)FERENCES Hunt,D. R. G. (1979). The use of artificial lighting in relation to daylight levels and occupancy. Building and environment, 14(1), 21-33 Li, D. H., & Lam, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of lighting performance in office buildings with daylighting controls. Energy and Buildings, 33(8), 793-803 Malaysia., Jabatan Standard. (2007). Code of practice on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for non-residential buildings (first revision). Putrajaya: Department of Standard Malaysia.