burps.pdf

burps.pdf

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  1 Welcome to theSchool of Nursing at the Johns Hopkins University! As a faculty who coordinates one of your first semester courses I am making available to you some helpful and useful information. I have included it below for your reading pleasure! There are two documents: the “B.U.R.P.S.” list (Building and Understanding Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes) and Talk like a Nurse. This document lists many (not all) of the medical terms used in your first semester classes and I believe will ease your transition into a new way of speaking. THE B.U.R.P.S LIST Purpose: To become proficient in Building and Understanding Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes Rationale: Building and understanding medical terminology is simpler when the words are broken down into roots, prefixes and suffixes. Steps:  Review the B.U.R.P.S. tables and try to determine the definitions of the examples  Notice the overlap among the three groups of roots, prefixes and suffixes  Make new words by changing one part of the word. For example, if an appendectomy is the removal of the appendix, then a nephrectomy is the removal of a kidney. Tachycardia is a fast heart rate and tachypnea is a fast respiration rate. Helpful Note: R/T means “related to” TALK LIKE A NURSE Purpose: To become familiar with acronyms commonly used by health care providers Rationale: Different professions have unique languages; medicine and nursing are no exceptions. The acronyms below are used in verbal and written communication in health care settings. Steps:  Review the attached list of acronyms (then you can start to critique shows like “House” and “Gray’s Anatomy” for accuracy!)  Notice that some acronyms have two different meanings; e.g., ROM stands for “range of motion” and “rupture of membranes” - be careful when using abbreviations  Take the Self Assessment after reading the approved terms, found in Blackboard NOTE: All institutions have a list of accepted and “do not use” abbreviations. Always check with the institution before using an abbreviation.
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  2 I. Roots R/T BodyParts THE B.U.R.P.S LIST Root Meaning Example(s) Angi(o), Vas(o) Blood vessel Angioplasty, vasoconstriction Brachi(o) Arm Brachial Bucc(o) Cheek Buccal Cardi(o) Heart Cardiopathy Carp(o) Wrist Carpal tunnel syndrome Cephal(o) Head Cephalic Colp(o) Vagina Colposcopy Crani(o) Skull Craniotomy Cyst(o) Bladder Cystoscopy, cystitis Cyto Cell Cytology, cytomegaly Dactyl(o) Finger, toe Polydactyly Encephal(o) Brain Encephalitis Enter(o) Intestine Enteritis Gloss(o) Tongue Glossitis, glossopharyngeal Hemo, sanguin(o) Blood Hemolytic, serosanguinous Hyster(o) Womb, uterus Hysterectomy Mast(o), mamm(o) Breast Mastitis, mammography Men(o) Month, r/t menses Menopause, menarche, dysmenorrheal Nephr(o), Ren(o) Kidney Nephrectomy, renal Oophor(o) Ovary Oopherectomy Ophthalm, Ocul(o) Eye Ophthalmoscope, ocular Ot(o), Auri, Aud Ear Otitis, auricle, audiometer Phleb(o), Ven(o) Vein Phlebitis, venous Pod Foot Podiatrist Rhin(o) Nose Rhinoplasty, rhinorrhea Salping(o) Fallopian tube Salpingectomy, salpingitis Thorac(o) Chest Thoracotomy, thoracic Thromb(o) Clot Thrombosis, thrombolytic Other Roots Root Meaning Example(s) Gluc(o) Sweet, sugar Glucose, glucometer Hydr(o) Water Hydrocephalus, hydrophobia Lact(o) Milk Lactosuria, lactating Lip(o), adip(o) Fat Lipoma, adipose Therm Heat Hyperthermia II. Prefixes R/T Colors Prefix Meaning Example(s) Erythr(o) Red Erythema, erythrocyte Leuk(o), leuc(o) White Leukocytes, leukemia Cyan(o) Blue Cyanosis Melan(o) Black Melanin Cirrh(o) Yellow Cirrhosis
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  3 R/T Descriptions Prefix MeaningExample(s) Ankyl(o) Stiff, fixed, crooked Ankylosis Sten(o), Stric Narrow Stenosis, stricture Ortho Straight position Orthopnea, orthopedic Kypho Bent, crooked Kyphoscoliosis, kyphosis Pseudo False Pseudostrabismus, pseudoaneurysm R/T Measurements Prefix Meaning Example(s) Macro Large Macrophage, macrocephaly Micro Small Microscopic, microorganism Poly, Hyper, Multi Many, much Polydypsia, hyperthyroidism, multiple Brady Slow Bradypnea Tachy Fast Tachycardia Oligo, Hypo Few Oliguria, hypothermia Iso Equal Isometric, isotonic Diplo, Ambi Both, double Diplopia, ambidextrous Hemi Half Hemiplegia, hemisphere Pan All Pansystolic, pancytopenia R/T Positions Prefix Meaning Example(s) Pro, Ante, Pre Before Prodromal, antepartum, precapillary Post After Postnatal, posterior Super, supra Above Superior, supraclavicular Sub Below Submandibular, subcutaneous Dors(o) Back Dorsoflexion, dorsal Retro Backwards Retrograde, retrosternal Para Beside Paramedic, paranasal Re Again Rehydrate, recuperate Later(o) Side Lateral Medi(o) Middle Medial, mediastinum Schizo Split Schizophrenia Inter Between Intercostals, interdigital Heter(o) Different Heterogeneous Hom(o) Same Homozygous Ad(o) Towards Adduction, adhesion, adrenal Ab(o) Away from Abduction, abnormal Anti, Contra Against Antigen, contraception Endo, In, Intra In, within, inside Endocarditis, inhale, intrapartum Ex(o), Ec(to) Out Exhale, ectopic Epi Upon, above Epidermis, epigastric, epiglottis Dia, Trans Through Diameter, transfusion Peri, Circum Around Perinatal, circumcision Sinister(a) Left OS (oculus sinister – left eye) Dextr(o) Right OD (oculus dexter – right eye)
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  4 R/T the Body PrefixMeaning Example(s) Aden(o) Gland Adenoma, adenoids Arthr(o) Joint Arthritis, arthroscopy Cervic(o) Neck Cervical, cervicitis Costo Rib Costochondritis, costovertebral Cyto Cell Cytology, cytomegaly Derm Skin Dermatitis, dermatological Gastr(o) Stomach Gastritis, gastrointestinal Glosso Tongue Glossopharyngeal, glossitis Heme Blood Hematuria, hematemesis, hemangioma Hepat(o) Liver Hepatitis, hepatocellular Lingu Tongue Lingual, linguistic Litho Stone Lithotomy, lithotripsy My Muscle Myoma, myalgia Myo, myel Marrow Myelitis Neuro Nerve Neuromyalgia Oto Ear Otitis, otolaryngology Opti, Ocu Eye Optician, ocular Osteo Bone Osteoarthritis, osteopenia Pneum(o), Pulm Lung Pneumothorax, pulmonary Psycho Mind Psychology, psychopath, psychosomatic Rhino Nose Rhinorrhea, rhinitis Thor(a) Chest Thoracic, thoracentesis Vasc Vessel Vasculitis Other Prefixes Prefix Meaning Example(s) A(n) Without Anemia, avascular Auto Self Autoimmune Dys Difficult, painful Dyspnea, dysuria Gravida Pregnant, heavy Gravidity Neo New Neonatal, neoplasm III. Suffixes R/T Surgery Suffix Meaning Example(s) Centesis Tap, puncture Thoracentesis Ectomy Removal Mastectomy, appendectomy Lysis Separate, destroy Hemolysis Ostomy Form an opening Colostomy Otomy Cut into Tracheotomy, craniotomy Plasty Repair Rhinoplasty R/T Diseases Suffix Meaning Example(s) Algia Pain Arthralgia, myalgia Cele Hernia, swelling Hydrocele, cystocele Emia Blood Leukemia, anemia Gen Producing Carcinogen, allergen Itis Inflammation Appendicitis, hepatitis
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  5 Megaly Enlargement Splenomegaly,hepatomegaly Oid Resemble Fibroid, keloid Oma Tumor Adenoma, myoma Osis Abnormal condition Dermatosis Pathy Disease Neuropathy, psychopathology Penia Deficiency Cytopenia, thrombocytopenia Phagia Eating Dysphagia Phasia Speech Aphasia, dysphasia Plegia Paralysis Paraplegia, quadriplegia Phobia Fear Acrophobia, agoraphobia Pnea Air, breathing Apnea, dyspnea, orthopnea Rrhage Burst forth Hemorrhage Rrhea Flow, discharge Diarrhea Sclerosis Hardening Atherosclerosis Spasm Contraction Bronchospasm Troph(o) Nourishment Atrophy, hypertrophy Uri(a) Urine Nocturia, dysuria Other Suffixes Suffix Meaning Example(s) Gram Picture, record Electrocardiogram Ology Study of Pathology, dermatology Phon(o) Sound Egophony, bronchophony Scope Inspect Microscope, laproscopic TALK LIKE A NURSE A-P anterior-posterior ASA acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) A&W alive & well bid 2x/day (bis in dies) BKA below-the-knee amputation (AKA-above) BM bowel movement BMI body mass index BMR basal metabolic rate BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy BR bed rest BRP bathroom privileges BS bowel sounds BSE breast self-examination BSO bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy BUN blood urea nitrogen BX biopsy c with (cum) CA cancer CABG coronary artery bypass graft CAD coronary artery disease CAGE cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener CAM complementary alternative medicine CBC complete blood count CBE clinical breast exam CC chief complaint cc cubic centimeter CHF congestive heart failure cm centimeter
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  6 CN cranial nerve CNScentral nervous system C/O complains of Copd chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease C&S culture & sensitivity Csf cerebrospinal fluid Ct computed(computerized) tomography Cta clear to auscultation Cts carpal tunnel syndrome Cva cerebrovascular accident (stroke) Cxr chest x-ray D/C Discharge, Discontinue D & C dilatation and curettage DFA difficulty falling asleep DJD degenerative joint disease DM diabetes mellitus DNR do not resuscitate DOA dead on arrival DOB date of birth DOE dyspnea on exertion DPT diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine) DSM diagnostic & statistical manual DTR deep tendon reflexes DVT deep vein thrombosis Dx diagnosis ECG electrocardiogram (or EKG) ED emergency department EEG electroencephalogram-gram EMA early morning awakening ENT ears, nose, and throat EOM extraocular muscles or movement ERT estrogen replacement therapy ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD end-stage renal disease ETOH ethanol (alcohol) FB foreign body FBS fasting blood sugar FUO fever of unknown origin FX fracture GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease GI gastrointestinal GU genitourinary H&P history and physical HA headache HBP high blood pressure Hct hematocrit HEENT head, eyes, ears, nose, throat hgb hemoglobin Hib hemophilus influenza B h/o history of (or Hx) HOB head of bed HPI history of present illness HRT hormone replacement therapy hs hour of sleep, bedtime HTN hypertension I & D incision and drainage IM intramuscular I & O intake and output IV intravenous IVP intravenous pyelogram JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations JVD jugular venous distention KUB kidney, ureter and bladder (x-ray) KVO keep vein open LE lower extremities LFTs liver function tests LMP last menstrual period LNMP last normal menstrual period
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  7 LOC loss orlevel of consciousness LP lumbar puncture MI myocardial infarction (heart attack) MMR measles, mumps, and rubella (vaccine) MMSE mini mental state exam MRI magnetic resonance imaging MS mental status or multiple sclerosis NAD no acute or apparent distress NGT nasogastric tube NKA no known allergies NKDA no known drug allergies NPO nothing by mouth (non peros) NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSR normal sinus rhythm NSS normal saline solution NV nausea/vomiting NVD nausea, vomiting, diarrhea NWB non-weight bearing OA osteoarthritis OC oral contraceptives od right eye (ocular dexter) OOB out of bed os left eye (ocular sinister) OT occupational therapy OTC over-the-counter ou both eyes p after p.c. after meals PCN penicillin PE physical examination or pulmonary embolism PERRLA pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation PID pelvic inflammatory disease PMH past medical history PMI point of maximal impulse (apical pulse) S/P status post (after) PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or post nasal drip PNS peripheral nervous system PPD purified protein derivative (TB skin test) pr per rectum PRN as needed (pro re nata) PROM passive range of motion or premature rupture of membranes PSA prostate specific antigen (test) PT physical therapy PTA prior to admission PUD peptic ulcer disease PVD peripheral vascular disease q4h every 4 hours q6h every 6 hours qam every morning qd every day** qh every hour qhs every night qid 4x/day qod every other day** RA rheumatoid arthritis or right atrium RBC red blood cell REM rapid eye movements RLQ right lower quadrant (RUQ, LLQ, LUQ) R/O rule out ROM range of motion or rupture of membranes ROS review of systems RRR regular rate & rhythm R/T related to s without (sans) SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis SC subcutaneous Sig label SL sublingual SOB shortness of breath
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  8 sp.gr. specific gravity S.Q.subcutaneous(ly) signs and symptoms STAT immediately STS serological test for syphilis Sx symptoms TCDB turn, cough, deep breathe TIA transient ischemial attack (mini stroke) tid 3x/day TM tympanic membrane TMJ temporomand-ibular joint TNTC too numerous to count TPN total parenteral nutrition TURP transurethral resection of prostate TSE testicular self- examination UA urinalysis UE upper extremities URI upper respiratory infection urinary tract infection VS vital signs VSS vital signs stable white blood cell WD/WN well developed, well nourished WF/BF white female/black female WM/BM white male/black male WNL within normal limits y/o years old change ** appear on the JCAHO “Do Not Use” list – should write out “daily” or “every other day” Caution against using: < or >