C Programming Language Part 4

Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Bitwise Operators
5. Assignment Operators
6. Misc Operators

Arithmetic Operators
Assume variable Aholds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
Operator Description Example
+ Adds two operands A + B will give 30
- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10
* Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2
% Modulus Operator and remainder of after an
integer division
B % A will give 0
++ Increments operator increases integer value
by one
A++ will give 11
-- Decrements operator decreases integer
value by one
A-- will give 9

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=20;
int b=10;
printf("Answer %d+%d=%d n",a,b,a+b);
printf("Answer %d-%d=%d n",a,b,a-b);
printf("Answer %d*%d=%d n",a,b,a*b);
printf("Answer %d/%d=%d n",a,b,a/b);
printf("Answer %d MODULAS %d=%d n",a,b,a%b);
printf("Answer a++=%d n",a,a++);
printf("Answer a--=%d n",a,a--);
}
Answer 20+10=30
Answer 20-10=10
Answer 20*10=200
Answer 20/10=2
Answer 20 MODULAS 10=0
Answer a++=21
Answer a--=20
Press any key to continue . . .
output

Relational Operators
Assume variable Aholds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
== Checks if the values of two operands are equal or
not, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A == B) is not true.
!= Checks if the values of two operands are equal or
not, if values are not equal then condition becomes
true.
(A != B) is true.
> Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes
true.
(A > B) is not true.
< Checks if the value of left operand is less than the
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes
true.
(A < B) is true.
>= Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or
equal to the value of right operand, if yes then
condition becomes true.
(A >= B) is not true.
<= Checks if the value of left operand is less than or
equal to the value of right operand, if yes then
condition becomes true.
(A <= B) is true.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=20;
int b=10;
int c;
c=(a==b);
c=(a!=b);
c=(a<b);
c=(a>b);
c=(a<=b);
c=(a<=b);
printf("Answer %d==%d= %d n",a,b,c);
printf("Answer %d!=%d= %d n",a,b,c);
printf("Answer %d<%d= %d n",a,b,c);
printf("Answer %d>%d= %d n",a,b,c);
printf("Answer %d<=%d= %d n",a,b,c);
printf("Answer %d>=%d= %d n",a,b,c);
}
Answer 20==10= 0
Answer 20!=10= 0
Answer 20<10= 0
Answer 20>10= 0
Answer 20<=10= 0
Answer 20>=10= 0
OUTPUT

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=20;
int b=10;
int c;
c=(a==b);
printf("Answer %d==%d= %d n",a,b,c);
c=(a!=b);
printf("Answer %d!=%d= %d n",a,b,c);
c=(a<b);
printf("Answer %d<%d= %d n",a,b,c);
c=(a>b);
printf("Answer %d>%d= %d n",a,b,c);
c=(a<=b);
printf("Answer %d<=%d= %d n",a,b,c);
c=(a<=b);
printf("Answer %d>=%d= %d n",a,b,c);
}
Answer 20==10= 0
Answer 20!=10= 1
Answer 20<10= 0
Answer 20>10= 1
Answer 20<=10= 0
Answer 20>=10= 0
Press any key to continue
. . .
OUTPUT

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=20;
int b=10;
printf("Answer %d==%d= %d n",a,b,a==b);
printf("Answer %d!=%d= %d n",a,b,a!=b);
printf("Answer %d<%d= %d n",a,b,a<b);
printf("Answer %d>%d= %d n",a,b,a>b);
printf("Answer %d<=%d= %d n",a,b,a<=b);
printf("Answer %d>=%d= %d n",a,b,a<=b);
}
Answer 20==10= 0
Answer 20!=10= 1
Answer 20<10= 0
Answer 20>10= 1
Answer 20<=10= 0
Answer 20>=10= 0

Logical Operators
Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then:
&& Called Logical AND operator. If both the
operands are non-zero, then condition
becomes true.
(A && B) is false.
|| Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the
two operands is non-zero, then condition
becomes true
(A || B) is true.
! Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to
reverses the logical state of its operand. If
a condition is true then Logical NOT
operator will make false.
!(A && B) is true.

// LOGICAL AND
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("______________n");
printf("| A B C |n");
printf("______________n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",0&&0);
printf("| 0 1 %d |n",0&&1);
printf("| 1 0 %d |n",1&&0);
printf("| 1 1 %d |n",1&&1);
printf("______________n");
}
______________
| A B C |
______________
| 0 0 0 |
| 0 1 0 |
| 1 0 0 |
| 1 1 1 |
______________
OUTPUT

// LOGICAL OR
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("______________n");
printf("______________n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",0||0);
printf("| 0 1 %d |n",0||1);
printf("| 1 0 %d |n",1||0);
printf("| 1 1 %d |n",1||1);
printf("______________n");
}
______________
| A B C |
______________
| 0 0 0 |
| 0 1 1 |
| 1 0 1 |
| 1 1 1 |
______________
OUTPUT

// LOGICAL NOT GATE
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=0;
int b=1;
printf("__________________________n");
printf("| A(input) C(output) |n");
printf("|________________________|n");
printf("| 0 %d |n",!a);
printf("| 1 %d |n",!b);
printf("|________________________|n");
}
OUTPUT
__________________________
| A(input) C(output) |
|________________________|
| 0 1 |
| 1 0 |
|________________________|

// LOGICAL NOT+OR=NOR
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("______________n");
printf("______________n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",!(0||0));
printf("| 0 1 %d |n",!(0||1));
printf("| 1 0 %d |n",!(1||0));
printf("| 1 1 %d |n",!(1||1));
printf("______________n");
}
______________
| A B C |
______________
| 0 0 1 |
| 0 1 0 |
| 1 0 0 |
| 1 1 0 |
______________

// LOGICAL NOT+AND=NAND
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
printf("______________n");
printf("______________n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",!(0&&0));
printf("| 0 1 %d |n",!(0&&1));
printf("| 1 0 %d |n",!(1&&0));
printf("| 1 1 %d |n",!(1&&1));
printf("______________n");
}
______________
| A B C |
______________
| 0 0 1 |
| 0 1 1 |
| 1 0 1 |
| 1 1 0 |
______________
OUTPUT

& Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it
exists in both operands.
(A & B) will give 12, which is
0000 1100
| Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either
operand.
(A | B) will give 61, which is
0011 1101
^ Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in
one operand but not both.
(A ^ B) will give 49, which is
0011 0001
~ Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and
has the effect of 'flipping' bits.
(~A ) will give -61, which is
1100 0011 in 2's complement
form.
<< Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value
is moved left by the number of bits specified by
the right operand.
A << 2 will give 240 which is
1111 0000
>> Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands
value is moved right by the number of bits
specified by the right operand.
A >> 2 will give 15 which is
0000 1111
Bitwise Operators

// BITWISE AND
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=0;
int b=1;
printf("__________________________n");
printf("| A B C(output) |n");
printf("|________________________|n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",0&0);
printf("| 0 1 %d |n",0&1);
printf("| 1 0 %d |n",1&0);
printf("| 1 1 %d |n",1&1);
printf("|________________________|n");
}
__________________________
| A B C(output) |
|________________________|
| 0 0 0 |
| 0 1 0 |
| 1 0 0 |
| 1 1 1 |
|________________________|

// BINARY OR
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=0;
int b=1;
printf("__________________________n");
printf("|________________________|n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",0|0);
printf("| 0 1 %d |n",0|1);
printf("| 1 0 %d |n",1|0);
printf("| 1 1 %d |n",1|1);
printf("|________________________|n");
}
__________________________
| A B C(output) |
|________________________|
| 0 0 0 |
| 0 1 1 |
| 1 0 1 |
| 1 1 1 |
|________________________|

// BINARY XOR
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=0;
int b=1;
printf("__________________________n");
printf("|________________________|n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",0^0);
printf("| 0 1 %d |n",0^1);
printf("| 1 0 %d |n",1^0);
printf("| 1 1 %d |n",1^1);
printf("|________________________|n");
}
__________________________
| A B C(output) |
|________________________|
| 0 0 0 |
| 0 1 1 |
| 1 0 1 |
| 1 1 0 |
|________________________|

// BINARY COMPLEMNT
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=0;
int b=1;
printf("__________________________n");
printf("|________________________|n");
printf("| 0 0 %d |n",~(60));
printf("|________________________|n");
}
__________________________
| A B C(output) |
|________________________|
| 0 0 -61 |
|________________________|

Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation.
The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows:
p q p & q p | q p ^ q
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1

Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; now in binary format they will be as
follows:
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011

Assignment Operators
= Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to
left side operand
C = A + B will assign value of A + B into
C
+= Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand
and assign the result to left operand
C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-= Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the
left operand and assign the result to left operand
C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*= Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the
left operand and assign the result to left operand
C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
/= Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right
operand and assign the result to left operand
C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%= Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two
operands and assign the result to left operand
C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<= Left shift AND assignment operator C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>= Right shift AND assignment operator C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&= Bitwise AND assignment operator C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^= bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
|= bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

Misc Operators ↦ sizeof & ternary
sizeof() Returns the size of an variable. sizeof(a), where a is
integer, will return 4.
& Returns the address of an variable. &a; will give actual
address of the variable.
* Pointer to a variable. *a; will pointer to a
variable.
? : Conditional Expression If Condition is true ? Then
value X : Otherwise value
Y

C Programming Language Part 4

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C Programming Language Part 4