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![Mid Shot [M.S.]
• A middle distance shot which focuses our
attention on a particular subject. With a
mid shot the camera is close enough to
pick up detail, though still far enough
away to be able to follow the subject as
he/she/it moves. The mid shot, therefore,
is commonly used to show action eg. as in
a fight or match scene.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/camerashortanglestechniques-130312234737-phpapp01/75/Camera-short-angles-techniques-8-2048.jpg)
![Close Up [C.U.]
A close shot of an object or person,
the aim being to focus our attention
on a particular detail. Close ups of
objects may serve as the in point to a
new scene, depicting a new fact or
location in the story. Close ups of a
person have a number of different
functions:
• in an establishing sequence a close up
of someone suggests that he/she is a
main character
• the first close up of a character (in a
sequence of shots), establishes point
of view eg. who is watching an event
• a close up is most commonly used to
show the reaction of a character, ie. a
reaction shot.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/camerashortanglestechniques-130312234737-phpapp01/75/Camera-short-angles-techniques-11-2048.jpg)
![Long Shot [L.S.]
• A distance shot in which a
setting, and not a character,
is the emphasis. This is
generally used to establish
the place in which action will
occur, hence the term
establishing shot. Given its
function, a long shot is often
used at the beginning of a
scene or sequence, and may
be combined with a panning
movement of the camera to
show us a wider area.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/camerashortanglestechniques-130312234737-phpapp01/75/Camera-short-angles-techniques-15-2048.jpg)
Camera short angles & techniques
This document defines and describes various camera shots and techniques used in filmmaking. It discusses shots defined by distance from the subject including long shots, mid shots, close ups, and extreme close ups. It also covers shots defined by angle such as high angles, low angles, and Dutch angles. Finally, it summarizes different camera movement techniques including panning, tracking, tilts, zooms, and steadicam shots.
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Camera short angles & techniques
- 4. A shot istaken from when the camera is turned on, to when it is turned off. It could be one frame or a sequence of frames. Shots are defined by - distance from object, direction of object, how much of the object is in the frame.
- 5. These place youin the position of the person actually involved in the scene. The camera becomes the eye of one of the characters and sees things from his/her point of view. They are sometimes accompanied by voice over sound to create the illusion of involvement in the scene.
- 6. Has lots oflandscape and gives us important information about the setting, atmosphere or context in which the following events will take place.
- 7. Most commonly usedshot for most interactions. The character is seen from waist up. Usually used for conversation between people.
- 8. Mid Shot [M.S.] •A middle distance shot which focuses our attention on a particular subject. With a mid shot the camera is close enough to pick up detail, though still far enough away to be able to follow the subject as he/she/it moves. The mid shot, therefore, is commonly used to show action eg. as in a fight or match scene.
- 9. Similar to amid-shot but shows two people from waist up. Also usually used for conversations.
- 10. Focus on wholeobjects or a characters head - no background information given. Gives details and focuses attention on what is significant at that given moment. Can convey emotion or reveal private information. This shot is also used to add tension and excitement.
- 11. Close Up [C.U.] A close shot of an object or person, the aim being to focus our attention on a particular detail. Close ups of objects may serve as the in point to a new scene, depicting a new fact or location in the story. Close ups of a person have a number of different functions: • in an establishing sequence a close up of someone suggests that he/she is a main character • the first close up of a character (in a sequence of shots), establishes point of view eg. who is watching an event • a close up is most commonly used to show the reaction of a character, ie. a reaction shot.
- 12. Can only seepart of a persons face, headline of a newspaper, symbols eg. Police I.D.
- 13. Has the wholeheight of any figure in the frame.
- 14. Has a fairamount of background or landscape although you can usually distinguish figures as male or female.
- 15. Long Shot [L.S.] •A distance shot in which a setting, and not a character, is the emphasis. This is generally used to establish the place in which action will occur, hence the term establishing shot. Given its function, a long shot is often used at the beginning of a scene or sequence, and may be combined with a panning movement of the camera to show us a wider area.
- 16. Shot filmed frombehind a character, over the shoulder, mostly used for conversations or interviews.
- 17. Angles • if a high angle is used the • In filming a shot a subject will appear decision is made about weak, insignificant, the angle at which the vulnerable, small etc... camera is to be directed Our impression of a at a subject. structure or object can be manipulated in a similar way. • High and Low angles may be used to influence our impression of a particular character. • A distorted angle may be used to make a scene more frightening, or to make the viewer feel • A character filmed from anxious, or queasy a low angle will seem (especially if fast or strong, powerful, tall, jerky camera movement proud, etc... is also used).
- 18. Camera is belowand looks up. Can make subject look large, powerful, intimidating or dominating.
- 20. Camera is abovelooking down at the figure. Makes the character look small, insignificant, helpless, vulnerable.
- 22. Camera is directlyunder the figure- can suggest extreme power or danger.
- 23. Camera is directlyabove the figure.
- 25.
- 26.
- 27. Soft Focus • Aslightly blurred shot to make the subject seem more attractive, romantic, nostalgic or dreamlike.
- 28. Instant change ofshot without using an effect One image slowly replacing another so that at the midpoint you can see both on the screen. One shot is covered up or replaced by another shot moving horizontally across the screen.
- 29. In a blackout the character walks towards the camera, blocking out all the light. The next scene begins when the character walks away from the camera into a scene. Fade in is where the screen is black at the beginning then the image gradually appears or fade out which is the opposite.
- 30. Camera stays onone place but moves horizontally from side to side. When the camera moves up and down to follow moving objects or to reveal a scene or object which is too big to fit the frame.
- 31. Camera moves withthe action or follows the subject. This is often used in a chase scene where the camera appears to be ‘tracking’ the object and the audience feels like they are alongside the action.
- 32. Tracking (or Trucking) Thisaccompanies the movements of the persons or objects in the shot. It sometimes involves a camera on a wheeled platform running along tracks. The camera may accompany the action from in front, beside, behind, above or below and may be mounted on cars, helicopters, cranes or hand carried or using a body harness with Steadicam to eliminate vibration and give a fluid movement.
- 33. Montage The editing togetherof a large number of shots with no intention to create a continuous reality. A montage is often used to compress time (a number of facts are established in one sequence). Films may begin with a montage which establishes a particular time and place. With the absence of a visual relationship between them, the montage shots are linked through a unified sound - either a voiceover or a piece of music.
- 34. Pairing: • There arecommon instances of pairing: • A conversation or confrontation between two characters. The shots alternate from one to the other, angles may be used to suggest inferiority or superiority. • Shots of a character are alternated with shots of what he/she sees. The first shot of the character is the P.O.V. (It establishes point of view eg. who is looking).
- 35. Pairing: • There arecommon instances of pairing: • Cross-cutting. A sequence of shots in which the alternation is between two different locations (eg . A burglar creeping into a house in which an unsuspecting victim lies sleeping). The sequence builds to a climax and ends with the two things coming together.
- 36. Editing Speed • TheEditing Speed (or tempo) of a particular sequence is also an important consideration. Fast editing involves fast cutting. ie. The shots are 1 to 2 seconds long. Fast editing generates excitement and anticipation as for example in a chase sequence. Slow editing (ie. Shots are 3 to 10 seconds long), has the opposite effect, calming and relaxing the viewer. Accordingly slow editing is a characteristic of love scenes.
- 37. Camera Techniques: Distanceand Angle
- 38. Camera Techniques: Distanceand Angle •
- 39. Camera Techniques: • Movement