Brad Zebrack, Ph.D., MSW
University of Michigan School
               of Social Work
Shaken
“Life on hold”



       “It‟s the „good‟
           cancer”


                    “I know how
                      you feel.”
“Victim to
                            Victor”



                Positive
                Attitude



Be a survivor
What is Cancer?
Dis-ease vs Illness




 Cancer as:
 Bi-ology
Path-ology
Physi-ology     Cancer as an
              experience of life
What is Cancer
Survivorship?
Medical Perspective
             Focus on survival
             Reduce symptoms
         Prevent long-term effects
            Manage symptoms
      Off-treatment (e.g., 2 yrs, 5 yrs)
Cancer Survivorship
“Seasons of Survival”
             Acute phase
           Recovery phase
         Long-term survival
               Disease-free
        Cancer as a chronic disease
               End-of-Life
Patient Perspective

 The notion of living with, through, or
            beyond cancer.
                      Susan Leigh
                      Survivorship Consultant
                      3-time cancer survivor
Cancer Survivorship
 1.5 million cases diagnosed each year


 12 million cancer survivors in the US


 2/3 of all cancer patients expected to live
 at least five years
While these statistics indicate
increased length of survival for
individuals diagnosed with cancer, they
give no indication of the quality of life.
Life Changes
              “This is what I picture…this is really
               weird, I see, like, a grave, and that’s
 Miki, 21      the person that died, on August 4th.
 Diagnosed     She’s gone. Because you know, my
    with       life had to change, I had cancer and
leukemia at
   age 18      I can’t go back there, I can’t go in
               the past, so it’s like, she’s gone.”
Impact of Cancer
Stirred
Physical             Emotional
Well-being            Well-being



  Not quantity but quality

 Social               Spiritual
Well-being            Well-being
Physical Well Being
“It [cancer] has taken a lot of things away from me. I
  used to ski, play golf and tennis, and physically I
  also have a bone disorder now because of all the
  drugs. And there’s resentment that those things
  were taken away from me.”

“I’m so scarred up and everything is out of place.
  That is really hard for me to accept.”
Physical Well-Being
BODY CHANGES                HEALTH AWARENESS
Energy not returned         More concerned about my
                             health
My body cannot do what it
 did before                 More aware of physical
                             problems and changes
Feel disfigured
                            Take better care of self
Wear clothing to cover up
Emotional Well-Being
POSITIVE FEELINGS         NEGATIVE FEELINGS
Sense of pride            Angry about having cancer


Learned something about   Feel guilty for being
  self                      responsible for getting
                            cancer

More confidence           Made me feel old

Desire to give back to    Feel guilty for not having
 others                     been available to family
Emotional Well-Being
MEANING OF CANCER           SOURCE OF WORRIES
The most difficult          Worry about my health
 experience of my life
                            Worry about cancer
I wonder why I got cancer    coming back or getting
                             another cancer
Cancer is reason to make
 life changes               New symptoms make me
                             worry about cancer
Gave me direction in life    coming back
Social Well-Being
RELATIONSHIPS           LIFE INTERFERENCES
Higher value on         Paying attention to health
 relationships than       interferes with my life
 before
                        Having had cancer keeps
Feel special bond to     me from activities I
  people with cancer     enjoy

                        Cancer-related symptoms
                         interfere with my life
Spiritual Well-Being
POSITIVE OUTLOOK           NEGATIVE OUTLOOK
Realize time is precious   Feel unsure about my
                             future
Strengthened religious
  faith or sense of        Worry about my future
  spirituality
                           Afraid to die
Learned something about
  life                     Feel like time in my life is
                             running out
Two Faces of the Cancer
Experience




Haase & Rostad, 1994
Movin’ On!
A LONG TERM SURVIVOR

“While the cancer is not something I
 would want to do again it is not
 something I would want to erase from
 my life. It has taken some stuff
 away, but what it has added has
 completely overcome anything that
 might have been taken away.”


                                        28
Thriving
“Those who thrive after cancer are able to
  put life and death into perspective and
  consequently create a special niche for
  their cancer experience within their
  personal life history.”

                                            Susan Leigh
                                  3-time cancer survivor
 Co-founder, National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship
Wei-ji
  CRISIS =
 Danger +
Opportunit
EMERGENT THEMES OF GROWTH/THRIVING
(Their stories)



    Greater strength, via recognition of
     vulnerability and struggle
        “What does not kill us makes us stronger”

    Greater compassion and empathy

    Psychological maturity

    New life priorities and outlooks

                                                     31
STRENGTH
 Because it’s a strong, long fight, with so many
  emotions involved, you have to keep a clear
  head and a good outlook the whole time to be
  fighting something. I think just that
 experience alone made me stronger.

 I definitely felt stronger after having gone
 through it all. Since I got through this I can
 get through anything.

                                                    32
GREATER COMPASSION/EMPATHY

 I think overall it made me more appreciative
  and maybe more sensitive. By sensitive I mean
  understanding how other people can feel.
  Because of the fact that I had to deal with
  having an artificial eye, and people making
  fun of it, has made me more understanding
  and accepting of people with disabilities.



                                                  33
PSYCHOLOGICAL MATURITY

 Cancer made me more mature. It just made
  me grow up. I had to deal with things that
  other people didn’t.

 The experience made me more mature, more
  than older guys. I’m serious about what I say
  and do and have no reason to play around. I
  know I’m mortal, as funny as that sounds. A
  lot of people are living for the day, which is
  great, but I don’t know as though they
  appreciate what they’ve got.

                                                   34
NEW PRIORITIES AND OPTIMISM

 Even though cancer was really bad I learned a
  lot about what’s important in life. Like
  money’s not important to me anymore. I just
  want to be happy and have someone to love
  and love me. I’m going to be a teacher, not a
  high paying lawyer or something.
 Materialistic things don’t matter a lot – they’re
  nice but it’s not the end of the world if you
  don’t have it.

                                                  35
CANCER IS A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD
 Gains and losses

 Growing up ‘faster” perhaps offset by loss of
       childhood

 Hope and fear – anxiety/sadness and appreciation of life

 Celebrations of cure or going off treatment, but
  uncertainty

 Balancing of loss and gain

                                                             36
An active quest or journey to make sense of a
mystery/challenge

Developing a story that makes sense (positive
meaning) of the cancer experience

Fitting “my/our cancer story” into a larger life
story

Sharing (and testing and revising) my/our story
with supportive communities of
family, friends, other survivors, publics

                                                   37
Becoming an Advocate




    “Knowing as much as possible about your disease, its
   treatments, and how its potential effects on your body
   can empower you to take charge of your health and help
          you make the most of your survivorship.”
Young Adult Survivors Conference
(YASC)
Young Adult Survivors Conference (YASC)
Our Goals                  Their Goals
 Address survivorship      Have fun
  issues                    Meet other survivors
 Provide education and     Understand more
  opportunity to tell        about their cancer and
  one’s story                potential late effects
 Build bridges of          Learn about how to
  support among young        “tell my story so that it
  adult cancer survivors     will help others.”
Advocacy Training
           Personal Advocacy
 Self-advocacy: Where it all begins
 You and Your Doctor
 Forget about Waldo: Where are those
  Resources?
Advocacy Training


     Mentor Advocacy: Advocating for
                 Others
   Becoming a Mentor
   Do’s & Don’t of Public Speaking
   Establishing and Maintaining Connections: A
   Gateway to Community-Building
Advocacy Training

    Community-National Advocacy
 Advocating at the State and National Level
 Getting Involved in Public Policy
 Networking within the Survivorship Community
I joined a community of survivors and met people I
   expect will be good friends. I also learned a
   tremendous amount about advocacy and feel
   much better equipped to get involved on state and
   national levels. I have been given the tools to
   begin to use my experiences to advocate for
   greater resources, and I expect that will also
   greatly increase my sense of satisfaction in my
   life.
Advocating for Oneself
 Advocacy gives you some stability and a
  feeling of regaining some control in your life

 Advocacy is confidence building in the way it
 helps you face challenges that seem
 insurmountable
Advocating for Oneself
 Advocacy can improve your quality of life


 Advocacy for yourself may be the difference
  that turns feeling hopeless and helpless into
  feeling hopeful.
The Cornerstone of Survivorship
 “Regardless of the type of cancer or the
  extent of survival, all persons diagnosed
  with cancer must manage the enduring
  and complex ways in which cancer
  transforms the self and everyday life.”
                             Betsy Clark, Former President
                           Ellen Stovall, Executive Director
                 National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship
Shaken-Stirred-Moved On




 Kid     Kancer    Kookie
                    Dada

Cancer Survivorship and Quality FOR Life: Shaken, Stirred, and Movin' On!

  • 1.
    Brad Zebrack, Ph.D.,MSW University of Michigan School of Social Work
  • 2.
  • 3.
    “Life on hold” “It‟s the „good‟ cancer” “I know how you feel.”
  • 4.
    “Victim to Victor” Positive Attitude Be a survivor
  • 7.
  • 8.
    Dis-ease vs Illness Cancer as: Bi-ology Path-ology Physi-ology Cancer as an experience of life
  • 9.
  • 10.
    Medical Perspective Focus on survival Reduce symptoms Prevent long-term effects Manage symptoms Off-treatment (e.g., 2 yrs, 5 yrs)
  • 11.
    Cancer Survivorship “Seasons ofSurvival”  Acute phase  Recovery phase  Long-term survival Disease-free Cancer as a chronic disease End-of-Life
  • 12.
    Patient Perspective Thenotion of living with, through, or beyond cancer. Susan Leigh Survivorship Consultant 3-time cancer survivor
  • 13.
    Cancer Survivorship  1.5million cases diagnosed each year  12 million cancer survivors in the US  2/3 of all cancer patients expected to live at least five years
  • 14.
    While these statisticsindicate increased length of survival for individuals diagnosed with cancer, they give no indication of the quality of life.
  • 16.
    Life Changes “This is what I picture…this is really weird, I see, like, a grave, and that’s Miki, 21 the person that died, on August 4th. Diagnosed She’s gone. Because you know, my with life had to change, I had cancer and leukemia at age 18 I can’t go back there, I can’t go in the past, so it’s like, she’s gone.”
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
    Physical Emotional Well-being Well-being Not quantity but quality Social Spiritual Well-being Well-being
  • 20.
    Physical Well Being “It[cancer] has taken a lot of things away from me. I used to ski, play golf and tennis, and physically I also have a bone disorder now because of all the drugs. And there’s resentment that those things were taken away from me.” “I’m so scarred up and everything is out of place. That is really hard for me to accept.”
  • 21.
    Physical Well-Being BODY CHANGES HEALTH AWARENESS Energy not returned More concerned about my health My body cannot do what it did before More aware of physical problems and changes Feel disfigured Take better care of self Wear clothing to cover up
  • 22.
    Emotional Well-Being POSITIVE FEELINGS NEGATIVE FEELINGS Sense of pride Angry about having cancer Learned something about Feel guilty for being self responsible for getting cancer More confidence Made me feel old Desire to give back to Feel guilty for not having others been available to family
  • 23.
    Emotional Well-Being MEANING OFCANCER SOURCE OF WORRIES The most difficult Worry about my health experience of my life Worry about cancer I wonder why I got cancer coming back or getting another cancer Cancer is reason to make life changes New symptoms make me worry about cancer Gave me direction in life coming back
  • 24.
    Social Well-Being RELATIONSHIPS LIFE INTERFERENCES Higher value on Paying attention to health relationships than interferes with my life before Having had cancer keeps Feel special bond to me from activities I people with cancer enjoy Cancer-related symptoms interfere with my life
  • 25.
    Spiritual Well-Being POSITIVE OUTLOOK NEGATIVE OUTLOOK Realize time is precious Feel unsure about my future Strengthened religious faith or sense of Worry about my future spirituality Afraid to die Learned something about life Feel like time in my life is running out
  • 26.
    Two Faces ofthe Cancer Experience Haase & Rostad, 1994
  • 27.
  • 28.
    A LONG TERMSURVIVOR “While the cancer is not something I would want to do again it is not something I would want to erase from my life. It has taken some stuff away, but what it has added has completely overcome anything that might have been taken away.” 28
  • 29.
    Thriving “Those who thriveafter cancer are able to put life and death into perspective and consequently create a special niche for their cancer experience within their personal life history.” Susan Leigh 3-time cancer survivor Co-founder, National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship
  • 30.
    Wei-ji CRISIS= Danger + Opportunit
  • 31.
    EMERGENT THEMES OFGROWTH/THRIVING (Their stories)  Greater strength, via recognition of vulnerability and struggle  “What does not kill us makes us stronger”  Greater compassion and empathy  Psychological maturity  New life priorities and outlooks 31
  • 32.
    STRENGTH  Because it’sa strong, long fight, with so many emotions involved, you have to keep a clear head and a good outlook the whole time to be fighting something. I think just that experience alone made me stronger.  I definitely felt stronger after having gone through it all. Since I got through this I can get through anything. 32
  • 33.
    GREATER COMPASSION/EMPATHY  Ithink overall it made me more appreciative and maybe more sensitive. By sensitive I mean understanding how other people can feel. Because of the fact that I had to deal with having an artificial eye, and people making fun of it, has made me more understanding and accepting of people with disabilities. 33
  • 34.
    PSYCHOLOGICAL MATURITY  Cancermade me more mature. It just made me grow up. I had to deal with things that other people didn’t.  The experience made me more mature, more than older guys. I’m serious about what I say and do and have no reason to play around. I know I’m mortal, as funny as that sounds. A lot of people are living for the day, which is great, but I don’t know as though they appreciate what they’ve got. 34
  • 35.
    NEW PRIORITIES ANDOPTIMISM  Even though cancer was really bad I learned a lot about what’s important in life. Like money’s not important to me anymore. I just want to be happy and have someone to love and love me. I’m going to be a teacher, not a high paying lawyer or something.  Materialistic things don’t matter a lot – they’re nice but it’s not the end of the world if you don’t have it. 35
  • 36.
    CANCER IS ADOUBLE-EDGED SWORD  Gains and losses  Growing up ‘faster” perhaps offset by loss of childhood  Hope and fear – anxiety/sadness and appreciation of life  Celebrations of cure or going off treatment, but uncertainty  Balancing of loss and gain 36
  • 37.
    An active questor journey to make sense of a mystery/challenge Developing a story that makes sense (positive meaning) of the cancer experience Fitting “my/our cancer story” into a larger life story Sharing (and testing and revising) my/our story with supportive communities of family, friends, other survivors, publics 37
  • 38.
    Becoming an Advocate “Knowing as much as possible about your disease, its treatments, and how its potential effects on your body can empower you to take charge of your health and help you make the most of your survivorship.”
  • 39.
    Young Adult SurvivorsConference (YASC)
  • 40.
    Young Adult SurvivorsConference (YASC) Our Goals Their Goals  Address survivorship  Have fun issues  Meet other survivors  Provide education and  Understand more opportunity to tell about their cancer and one’s story potential late effects  Build bridges of  Learn about how to support among young “tell my story so that it adult cancer survivors will help others.”
  • 41.
    Advocacy Training Personal Advocacy  Self-advocacy: Where it all begins  You and Your Doctor  Forget about Waldo: Where are those Resources?
  • 42.
    Advocacy Training Mentor Advocacy: Advocating for Others  Becoming a Mentor  Do’s & Don’t of Public Speaking  Establishing and Maintaining Connections: A Gateway to Community-Building
  • 43.
    Advocacy Training Community-National Advocacy  Advocating at the State and National Level  Getting Involved in Public Policy  Networking within the Survivorship Community
  • 44.
    I joined acommunity of survivors and met people I expect will be good friends. I also learned a tremendous amount about advocacy and feel much better equipped to get involved on state and national levels. I have been given the tools to begin to use my experiences to advocate for greater resources, and I expect that will also greatly increase my sense of satisfaction in my life.
  • 45.
    Advocating for Oneself Advocacy gives you some stability and a feeling of regaining some control in your life  Advocacy is confidence building in the way it helps you face challenges that seem insurmountable
  • 46.
    Advocating for Oneself Advocacy can improve your quality of life  Advocacy for yourself may be the difference that turns feeling hopeless and helpless into feeling hopeful.
  • 47.
    The Cornerstone ofSurvivorship “Regardless of the type of cancer or the extent of survival, all persons diagnosed with cancer must manage the enduring and complex ways in which cancer transforms the self and everyday life.” Betsy Clark, Former President Ellen Stovall, Executive Director National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship
  • 48.
    Shaken-Stirred-Moved On Kid Kancer Kookie Dada