The carbon-oxygen cycle involves four main processes: photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and decomposition. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water and release oxygen and energy from sunlight. Respiration is the opposite process, where animals and plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide and energy. Combustion releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through natural events like volcanoes and the burning of fossil fuels. Decomposition returns carbon and other elements back to the soil and air when organisms die.