Career advice for
new bio-X-ists*
*bioinformaticians, biostaticians,
epi-informaticians, health data scientists,
genomicists ...
Paul Agapow
London, October 2025
paul@agapow.net
Axioms & assumptions
● I’m talking to crunchy, number and data focused people
working in squishy biological fields
● Make choices or they will be made for you
● Don’t waste time on self-pity or second-guessing
● There is no such thing as “one weird trick”
You need a strategy not tactics
because:
● Most tactics are just tricks
● Circumstances differ and change and thus specific
advice is difficult and incomplete
● It’s a noisy, complicated, random process, so you need
an efficient, optimized approach
● Having a structured process is always good
There’s a lot of luck but it’s not
just luck
● A job search is a random effects model
● Circumstances differ and change and thus specific
advice is difficult and incomplete
● Take some chances - if you can be unlucky you can also
be lucky
● Maximize the ways you can be lucky
The first job is often the hardest
to find
● You’ve got less to sell yourself on
● There’s a lot of other applicants just like you
● You’ve got a smaller network
● Hirers distrust fresh recruits & university graduates
So solve for each of these
variables
Show or get useful
experience, stand
out
You don’t have proof of
experience or that you can work,
so get some
● Internships, studentships, vacation scholarships ...
● Do you have relevant projects, extra-curricular
activities or a previous career
● Do an MSc / PhD / postdoc and do it with the end in
mind
● Show that you can solve business problems
What’s different about you?
● Do you have a previous degree / career /
specialization that stands out?
● Do you have a portfolio / github profile / visible
project to show off
● Is there some valuable or rare skill / toolset that
you’ve mastered?
Finding and
applying for jobs
What sort of job should I look for?
● Don’t look for your dream job
○ Look for something that gets you closer to your
dream job
● Careers are zig-zags, not straight lines
● What are you going to learn, who are you going to
meet, how will this set you up for the next job?
● A job only has to be good for ~2 years
Where can I find jobs?
● Best approach changes across career
○ Graduate schemes, internships
○ Ads on job sites (LinkedIn, Jobs.ac.uk)
○ Open job banks for companies
○ Company job sites
○ Networking / soft contacts*
○ Recruiters*
● Ask around universities - maybe a research assistant
is a good place to start
● A non-bio job might be OK to start
Build a network
● Best way to get a job, long-term investment
○ Becomes more important later in your career
● Build social media / internet visibility
○ Recruiters look for people with the right skillset
○ When you apply for a job, people will search for
you
○ “Open to work” on LinkedIn
● Publications, talks, etc.
○ And uploading / publicising those
I found an ad for a job I want, now
what?
● If you’re an 80% fit, apply
● Read for keywords & requirements, highlight them in
your application
● Quickly research employer
● Apply now
● Write a cover letter
○ Sometimes a silent requirement
○ A chance to sell yourself
○ T-format is an easy solution
Your CV is bad and you should feel
bad
● 2 pages max, no fluff, leave out anything irrelevant
● Make it easy to read: sections, bulletpoints, sentence
fragments, whitespace
● Lead with your strongest material
● Tell stories: what was the problem, how did you solve it,
what was the result?
● Write it now, don’t wait until you need it. Make it an
iterative, living document
● Include relevant extra-curriculars
● Customise for every application
The interview
● An interview can always be practice
● Be confident, relaxed, don’t apologise
○ The best attitude to have is “interested but
sceptical”
● When answering questions:
○ Take your time, don’t spew out an answer
○ Ask clarifying questions if needed
○ Tell stories, be thoughtful
● Ask questions
Be efficient & kind on yourself
● Balance effort & returns - what is working?
● Keep your morale up
○ Don’t take it personally
○ Don’t try and read into things
○ Don’t just apply for everything
○ Apply and move on
○ Timebox / restrict your search
● The best time to search for a job is when you don’t
need one
Unsolicited random
advice
Unsolicited random advice
● Answering tough question: important thing is to be
thoughtful
● Big companies vs small companies
● Industry vs academia
● (How long) Should you stay in academia?
● You’ll advance more and learn more if you move
around
● Use other advice and help (but don’t listen to
everyone)
● https://agapow.substack.com/
Distilled ...
➔ Make choices, have options
➔ Maximize your luck surface
➔ Fix your damn CV
➔ Be a person who solves
problems

Career advice for new bio-(x)-ists, Dec2024.pdf

  • 1.
    Career advice for newbio-X-ists* *bioinformaticians, biostaticians, epi-informaticians, health data scientists, genomicists ... Paul Agapow London, October 2025 [email protected]
  • 2.
    Axioms & assumptions ●I’m talking to crunchy, number and data focused people working in squishy biological fields ● Make choices or they will be made for you ● Don’t waste time on self-pity or second-guessing ● There is no such thing as “one weird trick”
  • 3.
    You need astrategy not tactics because: ● Most tactics are just tricks ● Circumstances differ and change and thus specific advice is difficult and incomplete ● It’s a noisy, complicated, random process, so you need an efficient, optimized approach ● Having a structured process is always good
  • 4.
    There’s a lotof luck but it’s not just luck ● A job search is a random effects model ● Circumstances differ and change and thus specific advice is difficult and incomplete ● Take some chances - if you can be unlucky you can also be lucky ● Maximize the ways you can be lucky
  • 5.
    The first jobis often the hardest to find ● You’ve got less to sell yourself on ● There’s a lot of other applicants just like you ● You’ve got a smaller network ● Hirers distrust fresh recruits & university graduates So solve for each of these variables
  • 6.
    Show or getuseful experience, stand out
  • 7.
    You don’t haveproof of experience or that you can work, so get some ● Internships, studentships, vacation scholarships ... ● Do you have relevant projects, extra-curricular activities or a previous career ● Do an MSc / PhD / postdoc and do it with the end in mind ● Show that you can solve business problems
  • 8.
    What’s different aboutyou? ● Do you have a previous degree / career / specialization that stands out? ● Do you have a portfolio / github profile / visible project to show off ● Is there some valuable or rare skill / toolset that you’ve mastered?
  • 9.
  • 10.
    What sort ofjob should I look for? ● Don’t look for your dream job ○ Look for something that gets you closer to your dream job ● Careers are zig-zags, not straight lines ● What are you going to learn, who are you going to meet, how will this set you up for the next job? ● A job only has to be good for ~2 years
  • 11.
    Where can Ifind jobs? ● Best approach changes across career ○ Graduate schemes, internships ○ Ads on job sites (LinkedIn, Jobs.ac.uk) ○ Open job banks for companies ○ Company job sites ○ Networking / soft contacts* ○ Recruiters* ● Ask around universities - maybe a research assistant is a good place to start ● A non-bio job might be OK to start
  • 12.
    Build a network ●Best way to get a job, long-term investment ○ Becomes more important later in your career ● Build social media / internet visibility ○ Recruiters look for people with the right skillset ○ When you apply for a job, people will search for you ○ “Open to work” on LinkedIn ● Publications, talks, etc. ○ And uploading / publicising those
  • 13.
    I found anad for a job I want, now what? ● If you’re an 80% fit, apply ● Read for keywords & requirements, highlight them in your application ● Quickly research employer ● Apply now ● Write a cover letter ○ Sometimes a silent requirement ○ A chance to sell yourself ○ T-format is an easy solution
  • 14.
    Your CV isbad and you should feel bad ● 2 pages max, no fluff, leave out anything irrelevant ● Make it easy to read: sections, bulletpoints, sentence fragments, whitespace ● Lead with your strongest material ● Tell stories: what was the problem, how did you solve it, what was the result? ● Write it now, don’t wait until you need it. Make it an iterative, living document ● Include relevant extra-curriculars ● Customise for every application
  • 15.
    The interview ● Aninterview can always be practice ● Be confident, relaxed, don’t apologise ○ The best attitude to have is “interested but sceptical” ● When answering questions: ○ Take your time, don’t spew out an answer ○ Ask clarifying questions if needed ○ Tell stories, be thoughtful ● Ask questions
  • 16.
    Be efficient &kind on yourself ● Balance effort & returns - what is working? ● Keep your morale up ○ Don’t take it personally ○ Don’t try and read into things ○ Don’t just apply for everything ○ Apply and move on ○ Timebox / restrict your search ● The best time to search for a job is when you don’t need one
  • 17.
  • 18.
    Unsolicited random advice ●Answering tough question: important thing is to be thoughtful ● Big companies vs small companies ● Industry vs academia ● (How long) Should you stay in academia? ● You’ll advance more and learn more if you move around ● Use other advice and help (but don’t listen to everyone) ● https://agapow.substack.com/
  • 19.
    Distilled ... ➔ Makechoices, have options ➔ Maximize your luck surface ➔ Fix your damn CV ➔ Be a person who solves problems