Carrot Seed Production

Carrot Seed Production

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  Carrot Seed Production UbaidAbdul Khaliq
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  Variety selection • Theselection of a right variety is very important for a successful seed production. • The variety should have following characteristics 1. Genetically Pure 2. High yielder 3. Desirable traits, like disease resistance Grow-out Tests • Varieties being grown for seed production should periodically be tested for genetic purity by grow-out tests to make sure that they are being maintained in their true form
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  Crop Rotation . To minimize chancesof dormant seeds/ plant material from previous crop They are likely to admixture with planned carrot seed or they may cross pollinate It minimized risk of soil borne pathogens that may effect seed production Soil chemical and physical condition also improves
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  Controlled Pollination (Protandry) •Fully controlled pollination is required through Emasculation and Isolation. Protandry in carrot can be beneficial Single, isolated umbel will not develop seeds even though pollen is present in the flowers. Flowers of such an isolated umbel are sprinkled with water to flush out pollen. After it dries, pollen from the intended pollen parent can be introduced with a brush. The seed parent umbel again placed in isolation
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  Controlled Pollination (Isolation) . Isolation is used to control pollination. It also assists in avoiding admixture during harvesting It also assists in avoiding admixture during harvesting
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  Isolation Isolation be time •This type of isolation is possible within individual farms of multiplication stations. • Cross-compatible varieties are grown in successive years or Season Isolation be distance • When isolation by time is not possible. • Isolation distance primarily depends on the nature of pollination of the crop. • Isolation distance for carrot is 800 m b/w compatible fields
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  Seed-To-Seed Production • Muchcommercial carrot seed production utilizes “seed-to-seed” production • Seed is planted in the mid-to late-summer growing for seed production • Expose the plants to natural cold winter • The seed is produced the following year • Seed-to-seed production is sometimes used for 2 or 3 generations of self-pollination in early stages of inbred development if no selection for root characters is necessary • Honeybee hives, or in some cases, left to naturally occurring insect pollinators are used as pollinators
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  Root to seedProduction • Root-to-seed production is used for all breeder’s seed and foundation seed, but it is also utilized quite widely for commercial carrot seed production • All of the early generation seed production by carrot breeders utilize “root-to- seed” production whereby the root crop is grown to full or part season maturity, evaluated, vernalized • Selected roots are then replanted in configurations suitable for covering with pollinating cages when flowering ensues. • For seed production of plant populations that are too large to fit in a pollinating cage, variety integrity is ensured by geographic isolation of one seed lot from another by at least a few kilometres. • It is also necessary to use production locations where no wild carrot occurs. • Pollination is accomplished by providing honeybee hives, or in some cases, left to naturally occurring insect pollinators.
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  Roughing • The removalof off-type plants is termed as roughing, their existence in the seed crop is a potential source of genetic contamination. • Also remove the diseased and abnormal Roguhing may be done at the following stages as soon as the off- types are recognizable: Vegetative stage Flowering stage Maturity stage
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  Seed production Diseases Alternariadauci Control: Hot water treatment of stock seed A. Radicina Bleach reduces seed borne alternaria
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  Seed Production Pest LygusBugs Control: Conventional Milling Red Spider Mite Control: Seed cleaning
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  Harvesting, Cleaning andDrying of seeds • At optimum time when the maximum yield and the best quality seeds can be attained. • When flower heads start turning brown and dry • In general, the seeds are harvested when their moisture content is about 15-20% • After harvest of carrot seeds, cleaning is done. • Debreader is used for cleaning seeds. • The drying of seeds may be done by sunlight, chemical desiccants and by mechanical driers. • Carrot require drying temperature below 27°C. • For short period storage clean and dried seeds should be filled in neat and clean sacks or bags and stored in a clean, cool godown.
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  References • Simon, P.W., Freeman, R. E., Vieira, J. V., Boiteux, L. S., Briard, M., Nothnagel, T., … Kwon, Y.-S. (2008). Carrot. Vegetables II, 327–357. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74110-9_8 • Rashid, M. A., & Singh, D. P. (2000). A manual on vegetable seed production in Bangladesh. AVRDC-USAID-Bangladesh Project, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute.