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Cattle Breeds dual purpose, draught, milch
- 1. Dr. Smitha S. AssistantProfessor Dept. of Animal Husbandry COA, Vellayani LIVESTOCK BREEDS
- 2. Definition of breed •Breed is a group of animals within a species related by descent (common ancestry) and posses similar morphological, physiological and economic characters that are inherited more or less firmly.
- 3. Breeds of Cattle •Classification based on utility • Dairy breeds / Milch breeds/ milk breeds) – Cows are good milk producers – But bullocks are of poor quality • Draught breeds – Cows produce less quantity of milk – Bullocks are good draught animals • Dual purpose breeds – Intermediate between dairy and draught cattle
- 4. i. Milk purpose(1500 to 2000 liters/lactation) ii. Dual purpose (1200 to 1500 liters/lactation) iii.Draught purpose
- 5. DAIRY BREEDS -GENERAL CHARACTERS Ponderous in built Pendulous dewlap Loose skin Generally docile udder well developed with soft pliable skin and prominent milk veins.
- 6. Dairy cattle breeds •Sahiwal • Gir • Red Sindhi
- 7. Sahiwal Common name Lola Origin:Montgomery Dist. of Pakistan Reddish dun colour with white spots Short & stumpy horns Milk production -1500 to 2500 kg/lactation Remarks: best dairy breed in the Indian sub continent and is the best indigenous tropical dairy breed in the world
- 8. Sahiwal In themales, the hump is massive, the dewlap is voluminous and sheath is pendulous, tail-long and almost reaching the ground with black switch
- 9. Red Sindhi Origin: KarachiDist. of Pakistan Colour of the breed is dark red, but variations from a dull yellow to almost dark brown are found.Horns are thick at the base and emerge laterally and curve upward. Milk production - 1500 to 2000 kg/Lactation Females weigh about 300-350 kg Remarks : most economical milk producers among the Indian breeds of cattle. This breed is extensively used to upgrade the local breeds in various regions of the country
- 10. Red sindhi Dewlap andsheath pendulous Adult males weigh about 450-500 kg The bull, has a darker red colour than the cow
- 11. Gir also known asSurti and Kathiawari Gir forests of South Gujarat Red or Red with white patches Broad convex forehead Long pendulous ears like folded leaf Curved horns Sleepy appearance Milk yield 1,500 to 2,000 Remarks : Hardy animal known for its tolerance to stress conditions
- 12. Gir Remarks : Milkyield 1,500 to 2,000 Hardy animal known for its tolerance to stress conditions • Weight of cow 450 kg.
- 13. Gir Weight of male-600 kg
- 14. Draught breeds -General Characters Long barrel Tight sheath Tight skin Fast gait Alertness
- 15. Draught breeds • Kangayam •Hallikar • Amritmahal • Khillari • Bargur • Umblachery • Dangi • Malvi • Nimari
- 16. Kangayam Kangayam, Perunthurai and Bhavani taluksof Erode Dist. of TN Grey to dark grey Compact body short and stout legs Ears erect and pointed Long pointed horns Dewlap small Remarks : Calves are red at birth - changes to grey about six months
- 17.
- 18. Hallikar Mysore Mandya and HasanDist. of Karnataka Grey to dark grey Prominent forehead furrowed in the middle Long face-coffin shaped Long horns emerging near each other Sheath tucked up Remarks:: One of the best draught breeds in South India
- 19. Amirtmahal Origin - Hassandist. of Karnataka Colour - Grey Long tapering head Long horns emerging close together Sheath close to body Remarks : Famous draught breed known for its power and its endurance
- 20. Khillari Origin - Sathara Dist.of Maharastra Greyish white in colour Long pointed horns Long face with bulged forehead Coffin shaped head Remarks: Fast, powerful draught cattle
- 21. Bargur Bargur hills ofErode Dist. of TN Brown colour with white markings Compact and medium in size Horns long - Close at the roots Tucked up sheath Thin, bony limbs Remarks: Noted for their speed and endurance in trotting
- 22. Umbalachery Origin: Tanjore, Nagapatnam Dist.of Tamil Nadu Grey with white markings on face and legs Small outwardly curved horns Small and swift animals Remarks: One of the best draught breed of Tamil Nadu
- 23. Punganur Chitoor Dist. ofAndhra Pradesh White to grey in colour Short statured
- 24. Vechur Origin: Vechur in Kerala Lightred, black or fawn and white Small in size and compact body Small thin horns Remarks: Smallest cattle breed native of Kerala
- 26. Dual purpose breedsof cattle
- 27. Dual purpose breeds •Haryana • Kankrej • Tharparkar • Ongole • Krishnavalley • Deoni • Rathi
- 28. Hariana Rothack, Hissar Dist. ofHaryana White or light grey Compact body Long face with flat forehead Head carried high Short horns Milk yield 1000 to 1,500 kg/lactation Remarks: Prominent dual purpose breed of Northern India.
- 29. Kankrej Origin - Gujarat Importantdual purpose breed Heaviest cattle breed Silver grey color Strong lyre shaped horns Milk Yield - 1000- 2000 Remarks: Sawai chal (Peculiar gait)
- 30. Tharparkar Origin: Tharparkar Dist. inPakistan White or light grey colour Short thick horns set well apart switch is black Remarks: Important dual purpose breed
- 31. Ongole Origin - Prakasam, Nelloreand Guntur Dist. of Andhra Pradesh Glossy-white coat colour Large heavy animals Short, stumpy and blunt horns Important dual purpose breed of Andhra Pradesh
- 32. Krishna Valley Origin -Krishna Dist. of Andhra Pradesh Grey-white in colour with a darker shade on fore quarters and hind quarters in male. Adults females are more whitish in appearance. Large, Massive animals Remarks: Exported to Brazil and USA
- 33. Deoni Marathwada region of Maharastra Spottedblack and white Dropping ears Short and blunt horns Remarks : Popular dual purpose breed of Maharastra
- 34. Rathi Origin: Rajasthan Medium sized symmetricalbody Brown with white patches Short to medium sized horns Pendulous sheath Remarks: Milk yield - 1500 to 2000 kg/lactation
- 35. Breeds of IndianBuffaloes Murrah group Gujarat group Uttar pradesh Central India group South India group Murrah Surti Bhadaw ari Nagpuri Toda Nili-Ravi Jaffarab adi Tarai Pandharpuri South kanara Kundi Mehsana Manda Jerangi Kalahandi Sambalpur
- 36. Murrah Origin – Haryana andPunjab Jet Black in colour Massive body Short and tightly curved horns with spiral form Zig zag milk-veins Remarks : Murrah means curled, lactation 1000 to 2,000 kg, Fat% - 7.3, Best buffalo breed in the world
- 37. Surti Origin - Vadodara, SuratDist. of Gujarat Brown to silver-grey colour Sickle shaped horns Two white bands (chevron) below the neck and in between ears Milk yield - 1000 to 1500 kg / lactation
- 38. Mehsana Cross between Murrah andSurti Origin - Gandhi Nagar, Ahmedabad Dist. of Gujarat Black colour Sickle shaped horns curved more upward than Surti and less curved than Murrah breed Average milk yield - 1500 - 2000 kg/lactation Remarks: Persistent milker, Fat% - 7
- 39. Jaffarabadi Origin - Girforest area of Gujarat Black in colour Prominent broad and convex forehead Horns are ring like Average milk yield - 2000 kg/lactation Average Fat% - 7.6 Remarks; Heaviest breed, Gir
- 40. Nagpuri Origin - Nagpurand Wardha Dist. of Maharastra Black in colour Horns are long flat, curved and carried up to shoulders Average milk yield - 1000 kg/lactation Fat% -7 to 8.5 Remarks: Dual purpose breed
- 41. Nili ravi Origin -Pakistan Black to Brown colour Wall eyed White patches on forehead, face, muzzle,legs and tail Curled horns Milk yield - 1500 - 2000 kg/lactation Remarks: Panch kalyani
- 42. Bhadawari Origin - U.Pand M.P Blackish Copper colour Two white lines at lower side of neck Milk yield - 800 to 1500 kg/lactation Remarks: Known for their high fat content in milk (6-12.5%)
- 43. Toda Origin - NiligrisDist. of TamilNadu Fawn to ash grey colour Large and heavy head Horns are long, wide apart and crescent or semicircle shaped Milk yield - 500 kg in 200 days / lactation Remarks: Milk is sweet flavoured , swamp buffalo
- 44. Pandharpuri Origin:Solapur& Sathara Dist. in Maharastra Blackcolour Very long horns extending up to shoulder Medium sized Remarks: Milk yield - 1000 to 1500 kg/Lactation
- 45. Exotic breeds ofcattle • Native of European countries • High milk producers • Heavy animals • Bullocks are poor draught animals • Imported to India for cross breeding purpose • Known as Bos tauras • Humpless • Generally docile
- 46. Jersey Origin: Jersey islandsof U.K Tan to Cream colour Small dairy breed Short, dished forehead Medium sized sharp horns Hide bound appearance Remarks: Milk yield - 4000 to 5000 kg/Lactation Important exotic cattle breed imported to India. Fat% - 5.4
- 47. Holstein x Freisian Origin:Holland and Denmark Black &white colour Largest dairy breed Milk yield: 6000 to 8000 kg/Lactation Low milk fat - 3 to 3.5% Remarks : Highest milk producer in the world
- 48. Brown swiss Origin: Switzerland Uniformlybrown in colour Large framed Milk production - 6000 to 7000 kg/Lactation Milk fat - 4% Remarks: Second highest milk producer
- 49. Guernsey Origin: United Kingdom Fawn withwhite markings Small pointed horns Milk production: 4000 to 5000 kg/Lactation Ranks fourth in milk production Remarks: Milk is golden colour
- 50. Ayrshire Origin: Scottland Cherry redand white colour Small pointed horns Milk production - 5000 to 6000 kg/ Lactation Milk fat - 4% Remarks: Third highest milk producer
- 51. Cattle – scientificclassification • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum : Chordata • Class : Mammalia • Order : Artiodactyla • Sub order: Ruminatia • Family : Bovidae • Sub family: Bovinae • Genus : Bos • Species : Bos indicus (humped cattle), • Bos taurus(no hump), Bos bubalis (buffalo)