Causes of industrial revolution

Causes of industrial revolution

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  Causes of Industrial Revolution
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  Introduction •The Industrial Revolutionbegan in Great Britain and then spread across the United States and the rest of the world. •The revolution in Britain is often called the First Industrial Revolution while the later worldwide revolution is referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution. •Taken place in the time between 1760 and 1840 •A major turning point in history as it hugely impacted the way societies in the world would function in the years to come.
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  1.Political and economiccompetition in Europe • What was at stake was competition for being a global world superpower. • In the beginning of the 18th century, Britain had just a quarter and two thirds the population of France and Spain respectively. • It was thus under constant pressure fighting against these perennial and larger enemies. • The British engaged in many major wars during this period like Austrian war of succession (1740-48), Seven Years‘ War (1756- 63), American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) to name a few.
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  1.Political and economiccompetition in Europe • The British engaged in many major wars during this period • The need to keep up with the enemy put tremendous pressure on the country to produce more. • This desperate need incentivized the invention of labour-saving devices, which played a key role in the revolution.
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  2.AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN •The British Agricultural Revolution refers to the unprecedented rise in agricultural production in Britain from the 17th to mid-19th century. • Agricultural changes revolved around intensive farming methods like:- i. Crop rotation ii. Enclosed fields iii. Using an improved version of the Chinese Plough iv. Selective breeding and heavy manuring
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  2.AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN •Increased food production meant that the British population could be fed at lower prices with less effort than ever before. • This rise in productivity accelerated the decline of the agricultural share of the labor force and added to the urban workforce on which industrialization depended.
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  3.Growth in population •Britain's population was a quarter of the population of its European rival France and around 4% of India and China, which were the leading economies of the time. • In a world without machines lack of working hands was a big disadvantage. • The agricultural revolution gave the society enough food and the population grew rapidly throughout the century, more than doubling itself in a hundred years. • This led to Britain having enough labor to feed its industrial growth.
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  4.AVAILABILITY OF COALAND IRON • Britain was blessed with vast coal and iron reserves which proved valuable for the evolution of industries. • Large quantities of coal was required for smelting of iron ores, transportation etc. • The demand would further increase with the invention of the coal powered steam engine. • Continuous efforts were made to refine iron and make it cheaper which allowed England to stop importing iron from northern Europe and instead to create the largest iron industry in the world.
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  5.Transport Systems • Withthe rising economy there was pressure to improve the roads. • The canal systems were built and soon became a popular source of transportation since they were economical and reliable. • Boats on the canal were pulled by horses that walked on either side of the canal on tow paths. • Early railways consisted of wooden tracks linking coal mines to rivers and canals; and carriages were pulled by horses.
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