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CCNA ppt Day 8
- 1. SWITCHING • Switchis a layer 2 Device • Two types of switches:- 1. Manageable • Switches which has a console port • It is costly • Ex: Cisco catalyst 2950 1. Non-manageable- • Switches which does not have console port • Less expensive • Ex: D-link, Net gear
- 2. FURTHER CLASSIFICATION 1.Cut through Cut through switch is one which has no error checking on incoming frame Ex: Normal Switch 2. Store and Forward Store and forward has a buffer (small memory) in which the incoming frame is saved in it , checks the error and transmits
- 3. FUNCTIONS OF SWITCH • Address Learning • No entries are in MAC table initially • Each port broad cast to find its device for communication • The frame contains SMAC and source port no: • It is entered into the MAC table • After finding its device , the details are entered into the MAC table
- 4. • Forwarding •Forwarding is the process in which the frames are transferred according to MAC table • Loop avoidance • Two links are connected to two switches. • A loop occurs between the loops
- 5. STP (SPANNING TREEPROTOCOL) • Provides a loop-free redundant network topology by placing certain ports in the blocking state. • It is to avoid Looping in switches
- 6. BRIDGE ID •It is an address used to identify switches • It is a combination of priority value + MAC address • Ex: 32768:aa:bb:cc:dd
- 7. ROUTE BRIDGE •The highest priority switch among network of switch. • It controls the other ones. • Only one Route Bridge is in a network • The other switches are called non-Route Bridge
- 8. DESIGNATED PORT •The forwarding port of frame is called DP • All ports in Route Bridge are Designated ports • All ports in a non-Route Bridge are non- Designated ports
- 9. ROOT PORT •The ports in which designated and Non-Designated ports communicate.
- 10. STP OPERATION •BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), with the help of this packet, Root Bridge is elected. • The Root Bridge is elected with comparing Bridge ID and Root ID. • The lowest BPDU Root ID is the Root Bridge. • Initially BPDU packets are sent to all switches. • A Root Port is selected with the help of Path Cost. • The port in which Path cost having lowest value is the Root port.
- 11. SWITCH COMPONENTS •Processor • Motherboard • SMPS • RAM • NVRAM • FLASH • Switches typically have no power switch to turn them on and off. They simply connect or disconnect from a power source.
- 12. COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • The command line interface of switch is same as that of a Router • The Port interface is automatically assigned with IP and by default the status is up.
- 13. SWITCH PORT TYPES 1. Trunk A Switch to Switch connections are Trunk 2. Access PC- Switch connections are Access
- 14. SETTING ACCESS &TRUNK PORT Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access (For Access Port) Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
- 15. PORT SECURITY Switch(config)#interfacefastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 1 Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security mac address sticky Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown Switch# show port-security (To Verify)
- 16. VLAN • Switchis a single broadcast domain • Converting a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domain is called Vlan. • It is a virtual LAN created in a switch. • Two types:- • 1- 1005 standard • 1006 – 4096 extended • All ports in a switch comes under Vlan 1 or administrative vlan by default (name default) • Mainly Vlan is implemented for logical grouping • A device under one Vlan area will not communicate with other Vlan area • Implements security
- 17. CREATING VLAN Switch(config)#vlan100 Switch(config-vlan)#name vlan100 • Assigning a port to vlan:- Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Or Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/1 – 10 Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 100 • To remove:- Switch(config)#no vlan 100 Switch(config-if)#no switchport access vlan 100
- 18. ASSIGNING IP Switch(config)#interfacevlan 100 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)#no shut down
- 19. VLAN IDENTIFICATION ORFRAME TAGGING • Adding Vlan ID to each frame containing the details of destination Vlan ID is called Vlan Identification • Trunk port is used to connect two switch which passes multiple Vlan information • Access port is used to connect PC and switch which passes single Vlan information • Types:- • ISL (Interlink Switch)- Encapsulation method of CISCO • IEEE 802.1Q or dot1Q- Open support all switches
- 20. ROUTER ON STICK In Router:- Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.1 Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 100 Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.2 Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200 Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.3 Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200 Router(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0 Router(config-if)no shut down In Switch:- Switch(config)interface fastethernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)switchport mode trunk Switch#show interface trunk
- 21. VTP (VLAN TRUNKINGPROTOCOL) • VTP is used to create domain environment in a switching network • VTP modes:- • Server • Client • Transparent
- 22. • Cannot create, change, or delete VLANs • Forwards advertisements • Synchronizes VLAN configurations • Does not save in NVRAM • Creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs • Sends and forwards advertisements • Synchronizes VLAN configurations • Saves configuration in NVRAM • Creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs locally only • Forwards advertisements • Does not synchronize VLAN configurations • Saves configuration in NVRAM
- 23. VTP DOMAIN •VTP updates will not be received in switch which is having different domain name. • It receives when domain name is same Switch(config)#vtp domain NS (To create domain) Switch(config)#vtp mode ? (To change the VTP mode)
- 24. CONFIGURATION REVISION NUMBER • A switch having higher revision number database overwrites to another switch having lower revision number. • To avoid this we make the switch which has higher revision number into transparent mode.
- 25. VTP PRUNING MODE • This mode controls transferring unwanted updates from server to un manual switch.