Cda principles

Cda principles

• 1.
  CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS Discourseanalysis and Critical discourse analysis
• 2.
  Discourse Analysis • Foucault(1972) “describes discourses as ways of talking about the world which are tightly connected to ways of seeing and comprehending it.” Denotative Connotative (Descriptive) (Interpretative) Conversation Critical Discourse Content analysis Analysis
• 3.
  Critical Discourse Analysis LANGUAGE AffirmingReproducing Perspectives Values Ways of Talking Powerful Less powerful v v O’Halloran (2011)
• 4.
  Critical Discourse Analysis •Their ultimate goal is not only scientific, but also social and political, namely change. In that case, social discourse analysis takes the form of a critical discourse analysis. (van Dijk 1997: 22–3)
• 5.
  Critical Discourse Analysis •O’Halloran (2011) “In explanation, CDA critically explains connections between texts and discourse(s) 2 circulating in the wider social and cultural context, the ‘sociocultural practice’.” (p. 447). • Fairclough (1992)“[…] is also shaped by other social practices and structures.”(p. 65)
• 6.
  Dimensions of discourse Text Processof production Process of interpretation Discourse 1 Discourse practice Discourse 2 Sociocultural practice (Situational; institutional; societal) Description (Text analysis) Interpretation (Processing analysis) Explanation (Sociocultural analysis) Fairclough (1995a: 98)
• 7.
  Fairclough and Wodak(1997: 271–80) summarize the main tenets of CDA as follows: 1. CDA addresses social problems 2. Power relations are discursive 3. Discourse constitutes society and culture
• 8.
  Fairclough and Wodak(1997: 271–80) 4. Discourse is historical 5. The link between text and society is mediated 6. Discourse analysis is interpretative and explanatory 7. Discourse is a form of social action.
• 9.
  ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE • Language-as-discourseis both • a form of action (cf. Austin 1962) through which people can change the world • and a form of action which is socially and historically situated and in a dialectical relationship with other aspects of the social.
• 10.
  SOCIOPOLITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS •Relations between discourse, power, dominance, social inequality and the position in the discourse analyst in such social relationships.
• 11.
  CDA “is a typeof discourse analytical research that primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context.” Van Dijk (2001) • Social inequality • Reproduction of discourse • Power/dominance
• 12.
  • Self reflectionis evident in the interpretation of different discourses CDA is “discourse analysis with an attitude” (van Dijk, 2001:96)
• 13.
  PRINCIPLES AND AIMSOF CDA Van Dijk (2001) • Understanding and comprehension of social issues • Analysis of the complex relationships between dominance and discourse • Critical targets: power elites • Analyses of fundamental causes, conditions and consequences of social issues • Relationships between text, talk, social cognition, power, society and culture
• 14.
  Class Activity • Lookat the images and answer the question What relation do you find between the images and the reading about CDA? • Analyze the images following the dimensions of discourse by Fairclough.
• 17.
  Class Activity • Readthe following statement Jørgensen & Phillips (2002)“Critical discourse analysis is ‘critical’ in the sense that it aims to reveal the role of discursive practice in the maintenance of the social world, including those social relations that involve unequal relations of power”. (p. 63 )
• 18.
  Class Activity • Identify: HowCDA contributes to the construction of: • Social identities • Social relations and • Systems of knowledge and meaning