The media effects theory proposes that exposure to media can directly influence individuals' attitudes and behaviors. The hypodermic needle model suggests that mass media has significant power to uniformly inject audiences with messages and trigger desired responses, treating audiences as passive receivers. However, cultivation theory argues repeated exposure over time, rather than single exposures, shapes attitudes. While some evidence links media exposure to behaviors, theories cannot prove causation, and individual backgrounds likely better explain actions. Censorship aims to restrict potentially objectionable or offensive media to protect audiences like children who are highly susceptible to influence.