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Central Nervous System Agents
This document summarizes various central nervous system agents including stimulants, depressants, and anesthetics. CNS stimulants increase mental and physical activity and include substances like caffeine and amphetamines. CNS depressants like barbiturates and benzodiazepines are classified as sedative-hypnotics and can induce sleep. General anesthetics cause unconsciousness during surgery by inhibiting nerve impulses while local anesthetics temporarily disrupt sensory nerve transmission in a specific body area. Nursing responsibilities involve monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.
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CNS stimulants increase motor/sensory activity. Behavioral effects vary from alertness to convulsions. Classification includes analeptic, psychomotor, and methylxanthines.
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Amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine/dopamine release, used in ADHD and narcolepsy. Adverse effects include tachycardia and addiction risks.
CNS depressants include sedative-hypnotics and anesthetics, classified based on pharmacological action.
Sedative-hypnotics impact GABA receptors to induce sleep and sedation. Includes barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
Barbiturates enhance GABA effects, classified by duration. Their use includes sedation and seizure control.
Benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines treat insomnia, with effective action on sleep but potential dependence.
Anesthetics cause loss of consciousness/pain sensation, classified into general and local anesthesia types, and outlined nursing responsibilities.