Downloaded 6,602 times
Uploaded byIda Corvera
Cerebral Palsy
This document provides information about cerebral palsy (CP), including: 1. CP is a motor function disorder caused by permanent, non-progressive brain lesions present at birth or shortly after. It causes a lack of muscle control and balance issues. 2. CP has various causes like developmental malformations, neurological damage before/during/after birth from issues like lack of oxygen. 3. There are four main types of CP defined by affected movements: spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed. Spastic CP is the most common. 4. Treatment aims to improve motor skills and independence through therapies, surgeries, medications, assistive devices, and family support
More Related Content
Similar to Cerebral Palsy
![CP-1[1].pptx](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cp-11-240131015513-63dc9ac0-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Cerebral Palsy
- 1. CEREBRAL PALSY By: Ida Sherri L. Corvera BSN III - NM
- 2. • In 1860s,known as "Cerebral Paralysis” or William “Little’s Disease” John Little • After an English surgeon (1810-1894) wrote the 1st medical descriptions
- 3. CEREBRAL PALSY (CP) •Cerebral“- Latin Cerebrum; – Affected part of brain • “Palsy " -Gr. para- beyond, lysis – loosening – Lack of muscle control
- 4. CEREBRAL PALSY •A motor function disorder – caused by permanent, non-progressive brain lesion – present at birth or shortly thereafter. (Mosby, 2006) • Non-curable, life-long condition • Damage doesn’t worsen • May be congenital or acquired
- 5. CEREBRAL PALSY AHeterogenous Group of Movement Disorders – An umbrella term – Not a single diagnosis
- 6. CP Affects ements Balance ation Posture
- 7.
- 8. An insult orinjury to the brain – Fixed, static lesion(s) – In single or multiple areas of the motor centers of the brain – Early in CNS dev’t
- 9. CAUSES • Development Malformations – The brain fails to develop correctly. • Neurological damage – Can occur before, during or after delivery – Rh incompatibility, illness, severe lack of oxygen * Unknown in many instances
- 10. CHIEF CAUSE Severe deprivationof oxygen or blood flow to the brain – Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or intrapartal asphyxia
- 11.
- 12. 1. Accdg. toNeurologic Deficits • Based on the - extent of the damage - area of brain damage • Each type involves the way a person moves
- 13. 3 MAIN TYPES 1. PYRAMIDAL - originates from the motor areas of the cerebral cortex 2. EXTAPYRAMIDAL - basal ganglia and cerebellum 3. MIXED
- 14. 2. Accdg. toType of Movement Photo from: Saunders, Elsvier.
- 15. 4 MAIN TYPES PYRAMIDAL 1. Spastic CP EXTAPYRAMIDAL 2. Athethoid CP 3. Ataxic CP MIXED 4. Spastic & Athethoid CP
- 16. TYPES SPASTIC -Stiffness ATHETOID --Fluctuating Uncontrolled Tone Movements ATAXIC -Unsteady, Unsteady, uncoordinated uncoordinated
- 17. Types of SpasticCP According to affected limbs: * plegia or paresis - meaning paralyzed or weak: • Paraplegia • Diplegia • Hemiplegia • Quadriplegia • Monoplegia –one limb (extremely rare) • Triplegia –three limbs (extremely rare)
- 18. DEGREE OF SEVERITY 1.Mild CP- 20% of cases • Moderate CP- 50% - require self help for assisting their impaired ambulation capacity. • Severe CP- 30%; -totally incapacited and bedridden and they always need care from others.
- 19.
- 20. d. e. c. f. b. g. a. h.
- 21. Early Signs Infancy (0-3Months) • Stiff or floppy posture • Excessive lethargy or irritability/ High pitched cry • Poor head control • Weak suck/ tongue thrust/ tonic bite/ feeding difficulties
- 22. Early Signs • Abnormalor prolonged primitive reflexes Moro’s reflex Asymmetric tonic neck reflex Placing reflex Landau reflex
- 23. CHILD with CP ch al ea nt r e t o m es ow elop ton Sl v e i l es d m
- 24. Behavioral Symptoms •Poor ability to concentrate, • unusual tenseness, • Irritability
- 26.
- 27. • Hearing andvisual • Bladder and bowel problems control problems, • Sensory integration digestive problems problems (gastroesophageal reflux) • Failure-to-thrive, Feeding • Skeletal deformities, problems dental problems • Behavioral/emotional • Mental retardation and difficulties, learning disabilities in • Communication some disorders • Seizures/ epilepsy
- 28.
- 29. DIAGNOSIS • Physical evaluation, Interview • MRI, CT Scan EEG • Laboratory and radiologic work up • Assessment tools – i.e. Peabody Development Motor Skills, Denver Test II
- 30.
- 31. 1. SUBJECTIVE - INTERVIEW
- 32. a. History Taking –Includeall that may predispose an infant to brain damage or CP •Risk factors •Psychosocial factors •Family adaptation
- 33. b. Child’s Health History • Often admitted to hospitals for corrective surgeries and other complications. – Respiratory status – Motor function – Presence of fever – Feeding and weight loss – Any changes in physical state – Medical regimen
- 34. 2. OBJECTIVE - Physical Examination
- 35. CRITERIA P osturing /Poor muscle control and strength O ropharyngeal problems O S trabismus/ Squint S T one (hyper-, hypotonia) T E volutional maldevelopment E eflexes (e.g. increaseddeep tendon) R R *Abnormalities 4/6 strongly point to CP
- 36.
- 37. - No treatmentto cure cerebral palsy. - Brain damage cannot be corrected. • Crucial for children with CP: –Early Identification; –Multidisciplinary Care; and –Support
- 38. I. Nonphysical Therapy “The earlier we start, the more improvement can be made” -Health worker
- 39. • General management - Proper nutrition and personal care B. Pharmacologic Botox, Intrathecal, Baclofen - control muscle spasms and seizures, Glycopyrrolate -control drooling Pamidronate -may help with osteoporosis.
- 40. C. Surgery -Toloosen joints, -Relieve muscle tightness, - Straightening of different twists or unusual curvatures of leg muscles - Improve the ability to sit, stand, and walk.
- 41. Selective posterior rhizotomy Insome cases nerves need to be severed to decrease muscle tension of inappropriate contractions.
- 42. D. Physical Aids •Orthosis, braces and splints • Positioning devices • Walkers, special scooters, wheelchairs E. Special Education F. Rehabilitation Services- Speech and occupational therapies G. Family Services -Professional support
- 43. H. Other Treatment -Therapeutic electrical stimulation, - Acupuncture, - Hyperbaric therapy - Massage Therapy might help
- 44. II. Physical Therapy 'Theultimate long-term goal is realistic independence. To get there we have to have some short-term goals. Those being a working communication system, education to his potential, computer skills and, above all, friends'. - Parent of boy with CP
- 45. A.Sitting - Vertical head control and control of head and trunk. B. Standing and walking - Establish an equal distribution of weight on each foot, train to use steps or inclines
- 46. C. Prone Development D.Supine Development o Head control on supine and positions
- 47.
- 48. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES C. Functioningas a member of the health team D. Providing counseling and education for the parents and promote optimal family functioning C. Promoting physical and psychological health
- 49. D. Assisting withfeeding management and toilet training E. Assisting with rehabilitation therapies (physical, occupational and speech) F. Providing counseling for educational and vocational pursuits G. Preventing child abuse H. Providing care during hospitalization
- 50. I. Prevent physical injury C. Prevent physical deformity K. Promote a positive self-image
- 51. "Time and gravity areenemies of very aging body, especially mine." - Adult with CP