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Cervical vertebra
The document summarizes the key anatomical features of the 7 cervical vertebrae. The typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) have small bodies with concave superior surfaces. They have vertebral foramina, pedicles, laminae and transverse processes with foramina transversaria. The atlas (C1) is ring-shaped with no body or spinous process. The axis (C2) has a prominent dens projecting from its body. The seventh cervical vertebra is known as vertebra prominens due to its long, horizontal spinous process without bifid tip.
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Cervical vertebra
- 1. Cervical vertebrae DR .DEVI 1 17-4-19
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- 3. Introduction Identified by thepresence of foramina transversaria Seven cervical vertebrae 3rd – 6th are typical 1st, 2nd, 7th – atypical 3
- 4. Typical cervical vertebrae Body Vertebral foramen Vertebral arch 4 Foramen transversarium Pedicle Ant tubercle Post tubercle Vertebral canal Spine lamina Superior articular facet Costotransverse bar Vertebral arch
- 5. Body Small &broader Concave superior surface with upward projecting lip Anterior surface is beveled 5
- 6. Inferior surfaceis saddle shaped Anterior border projects downward & hide intervertebral disc articular column Inter vertebral foramina (superior /inferior vertebral notches in pedicle) 6
- 7. Vertebral foramen Largerthan body Triangular in shape 7 Vertebral foramen Bifid spine Transverse foramen
- 8. Vertebral arch Pediclesare directed backwards and laterally Superior and inferior notches are of equal sizes Laminae are relatively long and narrow, thinner above than below superior & inferior articular processes – form articular pillars , project laterally at the junction of pedicle and the lamina 8
- 9. Transverse process : Pierced by Foramen transversaria Each TP has two roots- ends as tubercle – ant & post tubercle Joined by costotransverse bar Costal element = tubercles + CT bar Site for articulation with ribs Ant tubercle of 6th CV is large – carotid tubercle 9
- 10. Spine –short & bifid Notch is filled by ligamentum nuchae Gives origin to deep muscles of the back of the neck 10
- 11. Attachments and relations Anterior & posterior longitudinal ligaments are attached to the upper and lower borders of the body 11
- 12. Upper bordersand lower parts of the anterior surfaces of the lamina provide attachment to the ligament flava 12
- 13. Foramen transversarium : Vertebral artery Vertebral veins Branch of inferior cervical ganglion 13
- 14. Anterior tubercle:scalenus anterior , longus capitis , oblique part of the longus colli 14
- 15. Posterior tubercle: scalenus medius, scalenus posterior, levator scapulae, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis,iliocostalis cervicis 15
- 16. Costotransverse bar– anterior primary rami of the corresponding cervical nerve 16
- 17. Ossification Ossifies from3 primary & 6 secondary centers 17
- 18. 18 1. Body Intervertebral disc 2.Transverse process 3. Ant. Tubercle 4. Post. Tubercle 5. foramen transversarium Vertebral vessels (a. & v.) 6. superior Articular facet 7. post. Lamina Ligamentum flava 8. Pedicle 9. Spine (short & bifid) Interspinous ligament Ligamantum nuchae (tip) 10 Vertebral canal Spinal cord 1 8 2 3 6 5 5 77 4 3 2 4 10 7 9 8 Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3, C4, C5, C6
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- 20. First cervical vertebra-Atlas Ring shaped No body No spine Short ant arch Long posterior arch Rt & Lt masses Transverse process 20
- 21. Posterior arch– longer than ant arch Median posterior tubercle Lateral mass: superior articular facet, groove Atlanto-occipital joint 21
- 22. Inferior surface: inferior articular facet, circular, more or less flat, directed downward , medially and backward Articulates with corresponding axis vertebra to form atlanto-axial joint Medial surface has a roughened tubercle- transverse ligament transverse process projects laterally from lateral mass – long , acts as lever for rotatory movements of head , pierced by foramen transversarium 22
- 23. Attachments of Atlasvertebrae Anterior tubercle- anterior longitudinal ligament On each side –longus colli 23
- 24. Upper borderof the anterior arch gives attachment to the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 24
- 25. Posterior tubercleprovides attachment to the ligamentum nuchae in the median plane and gives origin to the rectus capitis posterior minor on each side 25
- 26. Groove onthe upper surface of the posterior arch is occupied by the vertebral artery and by the first cervical nerve 26
- 27. Transverse process-rectus capitus lteralis, superior oblique, inferior oblique , levator scapulae, splenius cervicis, scalenius medius 27
- 28. Ossification : 28 3years 7 years
- 29. 29 1. Ant. Arch Ant.atlanto-occipital membrane 2. Post. Arch Post. atlanto-occipital membrane 3. Transverse process. 4. superior articular facet 5. Neural canal. Spinal cord 6. Foramen transversarium Vertebral vessles 7. Groove for vertebral a. 8. Tubercle for tr. Ligament. 9. Facet for dense of axis 10.Post. Tubercle Ligamantum nuchae 11. Ant. Tubercle Ant. Longitudinal ligament 111 2 2 2 3 344 5 6 6 77 9 11 10
- 30. Second cervical vertebra-Axis Identified by the presence of dens or odontoid process (strong tooth like process projecting upwards from the body ) 30
- 31. Axis – Body& Dens Superior surface of the body- fused with Dens Dens articulates anteriorly with ant arch of atlas, posteriorly with transverse ligament of atlas Superior articular facets Inferior surface – prominent ant margin which projects downwards 31
- 32. Axis- vertebral arch Pedicle- superior articular facet (circular directed upward and laterally) Inferior surface – deep wide inf vertebral notch Lamina- superior vertebral notch behind the sup articular process Lamina – thick & strong 32
- 33. Transverse process Spine : large , thick, very strong, grooved inferiorly, bifid 33
- 34. Attachments of Axisvertebrae 34
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- 36. Ant surfaceof body- longus coli, ant longitudinal ligament Post surface of body-post longitudinal ligament, cruciate ligament, membrana tectoria Tip of transverse process- levatoor scapulae, sclenus medius Spine –ligamentum nuchae, vertebral muscles 36
- 37. 37 1. Dense =odontoid process 2. superior Articular facet 3. Neural canal. Spinal cord 4. Spine (short , not bifid) Interspinous ligament Ligamantum nuchae (tip) 5. Lamina Ligamantum flava 6. Foramen trnasversarium. Vertebral vessles (a. &v.) 7. Alar ligamant 8. Apical ligament. 9. Transverse groove for tr. ligament 10.Post. Longitudinal ligament. 1 22 5 5 4 5 66 9
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- 39. Seventh cervical vertebra– Vertebra Prominens Long ,thick, horizontal spinous process Not bifid , ends in a tubercle Transverse process- large , post root is larger than ant Ant tubercle is absent Small foramen transversarium - sometimes double/ absent 39
- 40. Attachment of vertebraeprominens Spine - ligamentum nuchae, trapezius , rhomboideus minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitus , semispinalis thoracis , spinalis cervicis, multifundus Transverse foramen: accessory vertebral vein, Posterior tubercle- suprapleural membrane Lower border- levator costarum 40
- 41. Ossification : Similarto typical to cervical vertebra Separate center for each costal process appears during sixth month of intrauterine life and fuses with the body and transverse process during fifth to sixth years of life 41
- 42. 42 1. Body Intervertebral disc 2.Transverse process 3. foramen transversarium Vertebral vein only 4. superior Articular facet 5. post. Lamina Ligamentum flava 6. Pedicle 7. Spine (long & not bifid) Interspinous ligament Ligamantum nuchae (tip) 8. Vertebral canal Spinal cord 7 6 2 2 4 3 3 55 1 8 5 6 7th Cervical Vertebrae
- 43. Conclusion 43 Characteristics C3-c6c1 c2 c7 Body Ant arch Post arch Spinous process Bifid No Bifid Single long Superior articular facet Bean shaped Bean shaped oval Bean shaped
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