ch-4 personality disorders .........pptx

ch-4 personality disorders .........pptx

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  Personality refers tothe enduring characteristics and behavior that comprise a person's unique adjustment to life. It differs from person to person Chapter - 4: Personality disorders
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  Characteristics and Behavior Majortraits Interests Drives Values Self-concept Abilities Emotional patterns Personality disorders cont…
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   Personality disorder isa mental health condition where people have a lifelong pattern of seeing themselves and reacting to others in ways that cause problems Personality disorders cont…
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  The Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition(DSM-5) categorizes the 10 personality disorders into three clusters: Cluster A (Odd, Eccentric): 1).Paranoid, 2).Schizoid, 3).Schizotypal Cluster B: (Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic) 4).Antisocial, 5).Borderline, 6).Histrionic, 7).Narcissistic Cluster C: (Anxious, Fearful) 8).Avoidant, 9).Dependent,10).Obsessive-compulsive Classification
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   Personality disordersaffect 9.1% of people.  And according to the DSM-5, cluster B personality disorders are the rarest of the three, with a prevalence of 1.5%.  Learning the similarities and differences between the cluster B conditions can help us destigmatize these often misunderstood mental health conditions and better understand those who live with them. Epidemiology
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  1).Paranoid Personality Disorder:Distrust and suspicion of others • People with this personality disorder are unreasonably distrustful of other people’s actions and potential motives. • They often interpret the intentions of others as malevolent and are unwilling to engage with them Cluster A Disorders
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  2).Schizoid Personality Disorder:Detachment from social relationships, limited emotional expression  People with SPD show a lack of interest in developing interpersonal relationships, struggle to express their emotions and detach themselves from wider society.  They often prefer solitary activities and have little interest in sexual encounters with others
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  3).Schizotypal Personality Disorder:Discomfort in close relationships, eccentric behaviour and thinking  STPD is typically characterized by eccentric behavior, odd beliefs and an all-round peculiar approach to life.  Sufferers often do not grasp how people form relationships and how their behavior impacts other people.  They struggle with social cues, misinterpret other people’s motives and as a result, often avoid fraternizing with people outside of their immediate family.  They may also have odd, disorganized speech or thinking patterns
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  4).Antisocial Personality Disorder:Disregard for others' rights, deceitfulness, impulsivity  People with this disorder may disregard the safety of others, manipulate others, and disregard the law. They may also take little to no responsibility for their actions. Cluster B Disorders
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  5).Borderline Personality Disorder:Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions  People with this disorder may have a weak sense of self-worth, unstable relationships, and frequent mood swings.  They may also have a fear of loneliness, make suicidal threats, and engage in risky behaviors like gambling or unsafe sex
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  6).Histrionic Personality Disorder:Excessive emotionality, attention-seeking behaviour People with this disorder may be overly concerned with their appearance, crave attention, and have difficulty managing frustration. They may also have exaggerated mannerisms and throw temper tantrums
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  7).Narcissistic Personality Disorder:Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy • People with this disorder may believe they are superior to others, demand excessive attention, and have an inability to empathize. • They may also exaggerate their achievements and fantasize about being powerful and successful.
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  8).Avoidant Personality Disorder:Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism • People with this condition are sensitive to criticism and have a fear of rejection, which can lead to avoiding social interactions. Cluster C Disorders
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  9).Dependent Personality Disorder:Excessive need to be taken care of, submissive behavior  People with this condition have a constant need for care from others, and may cling to a few close people.  They may also have a fear of separation and be unable to make decisions
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  10).Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: Preoccupationwith orderliness, perfectionism, and control  People with this condition have an extreme need for order, perfection, and control.  They may have a fixation on details and may be preoccupied with checking and arranging things
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  • Biological factors:genetics, brain structure, and chemistry • Environmental factors: childhood experiences, trauma, and upbringing • Combination of factors leading to the development of personality disorders Causes and Risk Factors of personality Disorders
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  • Common symptomsacross different personality disorders • Personality disorders are diagnosed (DSM-5 criteria, psychological evaluation) • Importance of professional diagnosis Symptoms and Diagnosis
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  • Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), etc. • Medications: Mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics • Support Systems: Role of family, support groups, and self-care strategies Treatment Options
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  • Difficulty inengagement and adherence to treatment • Stigma and misconceptions about personality disorders • Importance of a personalized treatment plan Challenges in Treatment