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Ch.1.the characteristics of living things (biology)
This document discusses the characteristics of living things. It outlines the seven life processes that differentiate living things from non-living things: feeding, respiration, movement, growth, excretion, reproduction, and irritability. It provides examples of how different organisms such as crabs, lobsters, axolotls, plants, ticks, and grass snakes exhibit these life processes in different ways suited to their needs.
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Introduction to biology as a study of living things and their seven distinguishing features.
Details the seven life processes: feeding, respiration, movement, growth, excretion, reproduction, and irritability.
Illustrates how animals, like crabs and axolotls, exhibit the signs of life through unique adaptations.
Describes how plants also demonstrate life's signs, notably through photosynthesis and various reproductive methods.
Discusses differences in feeding, emphasizing that plants make food and animals depend on other organisms.
Clarifies that respiration is not simply breathing; it's about energy release from food in both plants and animals.
Explains how muscles facilitate movement in animals and details their role in vital functions like blood circulation.
Describes how animals sense environmental changes, illustrated with examples of centipedes and grass snakes.
Highlights the importance of reproduction for species survival, alongside the need for nutrition in young animals.
Discusses the necessity of excretion to remove poisonous waste products from the body through various means.
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Ch.1.the characteristics of living things (biology)
- 1. CHAPTER 1: THE CHARACTERISTICSOF LIVING THINGS. Biology
- 2. LIVING AND NEVERLIVED Living things have seven features that differentiate them from non-living things.
- 3. SIGNS OF LIFE The7 life processes are: 1) Feeding (nutrition) 2) Respiration 3) Movement 4) Growth 5) Excretion 6) Reproduction 7) Irritability (sensitivity)
- 4. ANIMAL LIFE - Allanimals show the 7 signs of life in different ways Example (1): Crabs and lobsters have a skeleton outside their bodies, so they grow by shredding
- 5. Example (2): Axolotls havegills outside their bodies to help them get the oxygen they need from the water.
- 6. PLANT LIFE - Plantsshow the 7 signs of life in different ways than animals. - Plants make their food using the process of photosynthesis. - Some plants reproduce by making seeds or spores and some make copies of themselves called plantlets.
- 7. LOOKING AT SIGNSOF LIFE MRS. NERG / MRS. GREN
- 8. 1) EATING ANDFEEDING - Plants make their own food. But, - Animals must get it from other living things.
- 9. Example: In rainforeststicks, lice, leeches and mosquitoes feed on blood. N.B. Leeches are sometimes used to draw out blood as part of a medical operation. Leech mouth
- 10. 2) RESPIRATION RESPIRATION is NOT, thesame as BREATHING.
- 11. - Respiration isthe process by which energy is released from food. - Respiration takes place in animals and plants (during nighttime).
- 12. 3) MOVEMENT - Muscleshelp animals move to find food, shelter and avoid enemies. - Our heart is made of muscles to pump blood around the body. - The wall of the stomach is made of muscles to churn the food. - There are muscles between the ribs that help them up and down.
- 13. 4) IRRITABILITY (SENSITIVITY) -Animals detect or sense changes in their surroundings by their sense organs. Example (1): Antennae Centipedes use their antennae to touch the ground and then send the information to the brain to help them decide if it is
- 14. Example (2): - Thegrass snake sticks out its tongue to collect chemicals in the air. - Its draws its tongue back into its mouth and pushes the tip into a pit in its nose where the chemicals are detected.
- 15. 5) GROWTH AND, 6)REPRODUCTION - Reproduction is the process that keeps a plant or animal species in existence. Example (1):
- 16. Example (2): Young animalsneed food to grow healthily.
- 17. 7) EXCRETION - Whenfood and oxygen are used up in the body, waste products are made. - The body must get rid of the waste products because they are poisonous. - Wastes are released in urine, sweat and air we breathe out.