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Chandigarh city planning by Le Corbusier
Le Corbusier was commissioned to design the new capital city of Chandigarh after the previous designers withdrew from the project. He retained the basic fan-shaped layout but converted it to a grid pattern with sectors. His design compressed the area while increasing density and respecting garden city principles. Chandigarh's plan was conceived as analogous to the human body, with defined areas serving as the head, heart, lungs, and other organs connected by a road network. Key features included sectors, a central business district, cultural/educational institutions, and open green spaces.
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Chandigarh city planning by Le Corbusier
- 1. Le CorbusierA n d Th e p l a n n i n g o f C h a n d i g a r h
- 2. After partition ofIndia in 1947, Punjab was spilt in two with its initial capital Lahore become a part of the new Pakistan. This called for a new capital – Chandigarh.
- 3. The first layoutof Chandigarh was made by Albert Meyer and Mathew Nowicki. The plan was fan shaped and used the concept of neighbourhood design. concept City and district planning by Meyer and Nowicki. The city wound spread into the space between the two rivers.
- 4. Nowicki died in1950 and Meyer withdrew from the project. So called for a new designer – Le Corbusier. He retained the basic layout but converted it into a grid iron pattern. And created sectors in his design. His new layout compressed Meyer’s 6,908 acres down to 5,380 acres, increasing the density of the city by 20% while respecting the initial principles of the Garden City Movement. The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture. Chandigarh was perceived as a post war Garden city where vertical and high rise were ruled out in view of the living habitats of the people.
- 6. Size : 800mx 1200m Consists of: • Residential • Institutional • Commercial streets • Green space Used these modules to create the grid pattern. There are total of 60 sectors with no 13th sector as it is considered unlucky by Corbusier. Though educational, cultural and medical facilities are spread all over city, however, major institutions are located in Sectors 10, 11, 12, 14 and 26. Every sector is introvert in character and permits only 4 vehicular entries into its interior. The shopping street of each sector is linked to the shopping street of the adjoining sectors thus forming one long, continuous ribbon like shopping street. The central green of each Sector also stretches to the green of the next sector SECTOR DESIGN
- 7. HUMAN BODY CONCEPTOF CHANDIGARH PLANNING
- 8. Le Corbusier conceivedthe master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, with a clearly defined • head (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1) • heart (the City Centre Sector-17) • lungs ( the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens) • the intellect (the cultural and educational institutions) • the circulatory system (the network of roads, the 7Vs) • the viscera (the Industrial Area). The concept of the city is based on four major functions: living, working, care of the body and spirit and circulation. • Residential sectors constitute the living part • Capitol Complex, City Centre, Educational Zone (Post Graduate Institute, Punjab Engineering College, Panjab University) and the Industrial Area constitute the working part • Leisure Valley, Gardens, Sector Greens and Open Courtyards etc. are for the care of body and spirit. • Circulation system comprises of 7 different types of roads known as 7Vs. And a pathway for cyclists called V8 were added to this circulation system.
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- 12. THELUNGS Leisure Valley The leisurevalley is a green sprawling space extending North-East to South-West along a seasonal choe and was conceived by Le Corbusier as the lungs of the city. The fitness trails and the other gardens along the green belt, which passes through the city, offer quiet a retreat at all hours of the day, orchestrating life's subtler impulses and heightening the spiritual experience. The Rock Garden Spread over the several acres, this fantasyland designed by Padam Shri Nek Chand is a vast open-air museum that showcases a vast array of natural rock forms and stones. The Rock Garden was not a part of the original Master Plan as conceived by Le Corbusier. The layout of the garden is based on the fantasy of the lost kingdom. Sukhna Lake Sukhna Lake is a large man made water body conceived by Le Corbusier on the North East face of the City. It is fed by water from the Catchment area of the seasonal rivulets on the foothills of the Shivaliks.
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- 14. THEBLOODLINES THE V8ROAD SEGREGATION
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- 16. GROWTH SINCE 1950HOUSING DISTRIBUTION
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- 18. Le Corbusier PierreJeanneret Jane B. Drew Maxwell Fry TEAM BEHIND THE CHANDIGARH TOWN PLAN