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Chandigarh town planning
- 1. CHANDIGARH THE DREAM CITYOF INDIA'S FIRST PRIME MINISTER, SH. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU Submitted By- Ishita Pandey Rimjhim Kasera Shruti Jain Yasir Khan
- 2. Location Coordinates -30.75°N 76.78°E Near the foothills of the Sivalik range of the Himalayas in northwest India. Area – 115 sq. km. Elevation – 304m Population –11.36 lakhs (2018) Density -9964/ km²
- 3. LOCATION OF CHANDIGARHACCORDING TO WORLD MAP& INDIA
- 4. Distance from popularneighbouring cities Delhi : 260km Amritsar : 229km Shimla : 116km Mohali : 9.7km Ludhiana : 95km Patiala : 66km Rajpura : 39km Dehradun : 157km
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- 6. Highways connecting tothe city
- 7. Site Selection Proximityto National Capital New Delhi (260km) Availability of sufficient water supply. Fertile soil. Flatter area. Gradient of land for natural drainage. Pan aroma of Blue hills at the backdrop. The Capital city and the Administrative centre was required to be designed for half a million people and expandable to a million.
- 8. Need of Chandigarh Atthe time of partition, Punjab was divided into two parts and the Indian Punjab needed a new capital. The first master plan was created by American Engineer and Planner Albert Mayer who after conceptual modelling left the project. Le Corbusier was assigned in 1951 for this project.
- 9. Mayer’s Plan Locatedbetween two boundary rivers. The fan shaped plan. Spaces- Government Center – Northern part. Admin – North East Super Block- accommodating 1500 families. Industrial Corner – Southern corner. Future Expansion – South west part.
- 10. Le Corbusier's Plan Orientation of grids was adapted as it was. One doglegged off entered dominant axis. Size of superblock increased to 3900*2700ft accommodating about 25000 habitants. Capital block and High court combined and shifted to higher ground. Each sector with green spaces and houses around it. V7 road concept.
- 11. Le Corbusier's Strategies Plannedwith focus on Urban Design Architectural aesthetics Preservation of natural environment Conservation of buildings and open spaces, Hierarchical road network Division of human functions i.e. work, living and leisure with strict zoning. Creation of ‘superblocks’ as habitable space.
- 12. The plan andthe human body Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, with a clearly defined head (the Capital Complex, Sector 1), heart (the City Centre Sector-17), lungs ( the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens), the intellect (the cultural and educational institutions), the circulatory system (the network of roads, the 7Vs) and the viscera (the Industrial Area).
- 14. Principles involved: Convenientwalking distance for social services like schools and shopping centres. Street system major roads should not pass through residential neighbourhood. Internal road pattern should encourage quite , safe , low volume traffic movement. Facilities Orderly arrangement of facilities which would be shared common by the residents A unit having shops, school, health centres and places of recreations and worships. blocks are divided in sectors. Each sector is self sufficient unit having all facilities . These sectors varies depending upon the size and the topography of the area.
- 15. Sectors of Chandigarh The main principle of the sector is that never a door will open on the surrounding of fast vehicular road. The primary module of a city's design is a sector, a neighbourhood unit of size 800meters x 1200 meters. Each sector is a self sufficient unit having shops, school, health centres and places of recreations and worship. The population of a sector varies between 3000 and 20000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of the area. The sectors are surrounded by high speed roads, bus stops every 400m. The size of the sector is based on the concept of no pedestrian need to walk for more than 10min .
- 16. Road Systems Anintegrated system of seven road types. Pathways for cyclists Roads intersected at right angles forming a grid. Hierarchy of movement. Residential areas segregated from the traffic.
- 17. The seven roadtypes : Buses will ply only on V-1, V-2, V-3 and V-4 roads. V-1-- Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns V-2 -- arterial roads V-3 -- Fast vehicular roads V-4 -- Meandering shopping streets V-5 -- Sector circulation roads V-6 --Access roads to houses V-7 -- footpaths and cycle tracks
- 19. V1 MAIN ROAD PEDESTRIANROAD SHOPPING STREETS
- 20. Leisure Valley Agreen sprawling space extending north- east to south-west along a seasonal river let gradient and was conceived by Le Corbusier as the “lungs” of the city. This valley houses the series of fitness trails, amphitheatre and spaces for open-air exhibition. Rock garden designed by Nek Chand in 1957
- 21. Central Public Spaces The Central Sector of the city, Sector 17, is the main Public Congregation area of the city. It houses all major Shopping Complexes, Sports Facilities and Congregation Spaces.
- 22. Building Typology Thebasic typology is extremely rectilinear with similar proportions. Residential units are arranged around central common green spaces with different shapes.
- 23. Series of Development: Layer1 (sector layer) Divided in sectors Industrial Residential Public
- 24. Layer 2(road pattern) Transport interchangenodes Road connectivity Division of spaces
- 25. Layer 3 Railwaystation International airport
- 26. Layer 4(peripheral layer) Landfor industries Distributive trade Transport routes
- 27. Layer5 (agricultural layer) New development nodes identified 8km Agricultural beltwas created (to prevent unregulated development around the master plan ) The belt was built for planned future extension of the city.
- 28. Layer6 (state layer) Othercity nodes identified for development .
- 29. Conclusion THE POSITIVE TRAITS: First modern architecture of Indian city planning. Each sector satisfies the necessities of human needs. Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy vehicles. Visually powerful. Open spaces in front of shopping centers. Buildings designed as triple storied shop cum flats. Shops on ground floor with residence on upper floor. Continuous verandah in front of the shop. Shop protected from rain and sun through a covered walkway for the customers. THE NEGATIVE TRAITS: City not planned according to Indian tradition and culture. Roads being similar to each other creates confusion. Brutal concrete gives a rough look. City not planned for lower income people. Existence of slums around the city. Large open spaces in front of the city center makes people lost in those places.
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