Chapter 11 Psych 1 Online Stud 119991148026063 4[1]

Chapter 11 Psych 1 Online Stud 119991148026063 4[1]

• 1.
  Personality Chapter 11
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  Analyzing Personality Personality:a stable pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving distinguishes one person from another. Two important components: distinctiveness relative consistency.
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  Analyzing Personality (p.462) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) California Psychological Inventory (CPI).
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  Trait Approaches GordonAllport Cattell (next) Used computers Surface traits Source traits Eysenck (next)
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  Trait Approaches RaymondCattell proposed 16 source traits to describe personality and make predictions of future behaviors. 16PF5 – Personality Factors
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  Trait Approaches Extraversionhas been associated with a number of differences in everyday behavior.
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  Biological Factors inPersonality The study of identical twins reared apart allows us to identify the effects of heredity independently of the influence of environmental factors. Heredity plays a role in a wide range of personality characteristics
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  The Psychodynamic PerspectiveFreud Easily the most influential theorist of modern psychology Suggested that behaviors, feelings, and thoughts result from past events. Because this psychic determinism occurs at an unconscious level, we are often unaware of the true reasons for our behavior.
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  The Psychodynamic PerspectiveFreud review early childhood experiences stage theory of development potential importance of unconscious experiences influence of sexuality on human behavior
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  Freud’s view ofthe human mind: The mental iceberg
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  The Psychodynamic PerspectiveConflicts among the structures of the mind occur beneath the level of conscious awareness.
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  The Psychodynamic PerspectiveUnconscious conflict produces anxiety or guilt that warns the ego. The ego uses defense mechanisms to protect itself from the anxiety or guilt.
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  Defense Mechanisms DisplacementSublimation Projection Reaction formation Repression Denial Intellectualization Rationalization
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  The Psychodynamic PerspectiveNeo-Freudians Jung Horney Adler disagreed with a number of Freud's views (for example, those emphasizing the sexual and unconscious roots of behavior).
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  The Behavioral PerspectiveBehavioral and learning psychologists avoid commonly used terms such as traits. Distinctiveness of a person's behavior results from unique learning history. Aggressiveness Shyness Kindness Conscientiousness Openness
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  The Social-Cognitive PerspectiveJulian Rotter and Albert Bandura incorporated cognitive factors.
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  The Social-Cognitive PerspectiveAlbert Bandura: reciprocal determinism
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  The Social-Cognitive PerspectiveSelf-efficacy: a person's judgment about his or her ability to succeed in a given situation. Unlike a trait, self-efficacy is specific to the situation and can change over time.
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  The Humanistic PerspectivePeople are not governed by their past Human beings are basically good We are directed toward development and growth. Basic needs have a powerful pull on behavior .
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  Begins with deficiencyneeds and leads to self-actualization at the top . Power of deficiency needs keeps most people from reaching the level of self-actualization; Maslow: doing the best that an individual is capable of doing. Self Actualization: “The full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, potentialites.” Hierarchy of Needs
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  The Humanistic PerspectiveOn the basis of his work with disturbed people, Carl Rogers concluded that efforts to achieve personal fulfillment were being stifled. Self-concepts become distorted by conditions of worth imposed from the outside. Healthy: real self-concept is consistent with ideal self-concept