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Chapter 13 Modals II
This document contains a slideshow presentation on modal auxiliaries and expressions in English. It includes 13 sections that explain and provide examples of how to use modals such as "should", "have to", and "must" as well as polite questions with "may", "could", and "would". Each section contains practice exercises for the topic. The slides also include a summary chart comparing different modals and similar expressions.
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Chapter 13 Modals II
- 1. B et tyS ch r am p fer A zar S tacy A . H ag en T each er R esou r ce D isc S lid e sh ows for u se wit h P ower P oin t p r esen tation soft war e L au r ett e P ou los S im m on s Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 2. CONTENTS 13-1 13-2 13-3 13-4 13-5 13-6 13-7 13-8 13-9 Using should Using have+ infinitive (have to/has to) Using must Polite questions: may I, could I, and can I Polite questions: could you and would you Imperative sentences Modal auxiliaries Summary chart: modal auxiliaries and similar… Using let’s
- 3. 13-1 USING SHOULD Myhair is very long. I should cut it. 3
- 4. 13-1 USING SHOULD (a)My hair is very long. I should cut it. (b) Allen is hungry. He should eat lunch. (c) You are tired. You should go home. should = This is a good idea. (advice) 4
- 5. 13-1 USING SHOULD (d) I You She He It We They shouldgo. should + simple form of verb 5
- 6. 13-1 USING SHOULD (d)He should go. He should goes. ? He should to go. ? should + simple form of verb 6
- 7. 13-1 USING SHOULD (e)You should not go out in the rain. You will get wet. (f) You shouldn’t go out in the rain. NEGATIVE: should not CONTRACTION: should + not = shouldn’t 7
- 8. 13-1 Let’s Practice washthem call your mother go to the library try harder learn to drive stop smoking Your books are due. You should ______________. 8
- 9. 13-1 Let’s Practice washthem call your mother go to the library try harder learn to drive stop smoking Your clothes are dirty. You should ___________. 9
- 10. 13-1 Let’s Practice washthem call your mother go to the library try harder learn to drive stop smoking Smoking is not healthy. You should _____________. 10
- 11. 13-2 USING HAVE+ INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO) People need to drink water. People have to drink water. 11
- 12. 13-2 USING HAVE+ INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO) (a) People need to drink water. (b) People have to drink water. (c) Lance needs to work. (d) Lance has to work. same meaning same meaning have + infinitive = need 12
- 13. 13-2 USING HAVE+ INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO) (e) I had to work yesterday. PAST FORM: had + infinitive 13
- 14. 13-2 USING HAVE+ INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO) (f) Does she have to work tonight? (g) What time do you have to work? (h) Why did you have to work today? QUESTION FORM: do, does, did used with have to 14
- 15. 13-2 USING HAVE+ INFINITIVE (HAVE TO/HAS TO) (i) I don’t have to work today. He doesn’t have to go home. (j) The bus was early. We didn’t have to wait. NEGATIVE FORM: don’t, doesn’t, didn’t used with have to 15
- 16. 13-2 Let’s Practice Whatdo you have to do next week? (click and type) 17
- 17. 13-2 Let’s Practice Whatdid you have to do for homework yesterday? (click and type) 18
- 18. 13-3 USING MUST Peoplemust sleep. 19
- 19. 13-3 USING MUST Peopleneed sleep. (a) People have to sleep. (b) People must sleep. same meaning must sleep = have to sleep 20
- 20. 13-3 USING MUST (c)I You She He It We They They must studies. ? must study. They must to study. ? must + simple form of a verb 21
- 21. 13-3 USING MUST (d)You must not drink coffee if you want to fall asleep. must not = no choice 22
- 22. 13-3 USING MUST (e)You don’t have to come to my party if you don’t have time. don’t have to = you have a choice 23
- 23. 13-3 USING MUST MUST SHOULD veryimportant necessary no choice good idea not necessary choice (f) I must sleep tonight. I have a test tomorrow. (g) I should sleep tonight, but I want to watch TV. (h) He must get a passport. He is going abroad. (i) He should get a passport. He may go abroad. 24
- 24. 13-3 USING MUST MUST SHOULD veryimportant necessary no choice good idea not necessary choice (j) You must take an umbrella. It is raining very hard. (k) You should take an umbrella. It might rain. 25
- 25. 13-3 Let’s Practice must+ √ go to the zoo take this medicine study mathematics practice every day go to medical school speak English My doctor says I must take this medicine ___________________. 26
- 26. 13-3 Let’s Practice must+ go to the zoo take this medicine study mathematics √ practice every day go to medical school wash your clothes To become a doctor you _________ must go to medical school _____________. 27
- 27. 13-3 Let’s Practice should+ go to the zoo take this medicine study mathematics practice every day go to medical school √ wash it Your car is dirty. You should wash it _____________. 28
- 28. 13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS:MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I May I borrow your eraser? 29
- 29. 13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS:MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I (a) May I borrow your eraser? (b) Could I borrow your eraser? (c) Can I borrow your eraser? same meaning (asking nicely) 30
- 30. 13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS:MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I (d) May I borrow your eraser? please (e) Could I borrow your eraser? please (f) Can I please your eraser? borrow please polite questions 31
- 31. 13-4 Let’s Practice MayI borrow __________ your pencil __________ _? I need to borrow a pencil. May I Can I Could I Sure. 32
- 32. 13-4 Let’s Practice CanI borrow __________ __________ some paper _? I need to borrow some paper. May I Can I Could I Sure. 33
- 33. 13-4 Let’s Practice Ineed to use her dictionary. May I Can I Could I _____________ Could I use ____________? your dictionary Sure. 34
- 34. 13-5 POLITE QUESTIONS:COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU Could you please come with us? 35
- 35. 13-5 POLITE QUESTIONS:COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU (a) Could you (please) come with us? (b) Would you (please) come with us? Could you (please) Would you (please) same meaning 36
- 36. 13-5 POLITE QUESTIONS:COULD YOU AND WOULD YOU TYPICAL RESPONSES (c) Yes, of course. (d) Certainly. (e) I’d be glad to. (f) I’d be happy to. (g) Sure. informal (h) No problem. 37
- 37. 13-5 Let’s Practice Couldyou __________ turn down __________ _________? that music I wish she would turn down that music. Could you Would you Sure. 38
- 38. 13-5 Let’s Practice Wouldyou __________ turn down __________ _________? that music I wish she would turn down that music. Could you Would you Yes, of course. 39
- 39. 13-6 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES Pleasego outside and talk on your cell phone. I’m working. 40
- 40. 13-6 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (a)Please be quiet. I’m working. an imperative sentence I want you to be quiet. 41
- 41. 13-6 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (b)Stand up. (c) Close the gate. Imperative uses simple form of verb. 42
- 42. 13-6 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (d)Don’t drive so fast. (e) Don’t go out tonight. don’t + simple form of verb 43
- 43. 13-6 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (f)ORDERS: Come here, Jan. (g) DIRECTIONS: Add two cups of flour. (h) ADVICE: Don’t be upset. (i) REQUESTS: Please give me the rake. please polite request 44
- 44. 13-6 Let’s Practice Imperativeverbs Jenna: Please go to the store. Scott: Okay, what do we need? Jenna: Buy some milk and bread. Scott: Okay, but don’t start the movie without me. 45
- 45. 13-6 Let’s Practice Imperativeverbs Alex: Close the gate. Tara: Don’t worry, I will. Alex: Please do it now. Tara: Why? Alex: The horse is trying to get out. 46
- 46. 13-7 MODAL AUXILIARIES Yazidcan make bread. 47
- 47. 13-7 MODAL AUXILIARIES (a)Yazid can could may might must should will make bread. modal auxiliary = a helping verb 48
- 48. 13-7 MODAL AUXILIARIES (b)Ben is able to is going to has to make bread. similar to modal auxiliaries 49
- 49. 13-7 Let’s Practice toor X ? He is not going __ the dance. to 50
- 50. 13-7 Let’s Practice toor X ? X Can she___ sing very well? 51
- 51. 13-7 Let’s Practice toor X ? Ruth is able __ help. to 52
- 52. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART:MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS She can cook. 53
- 53. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART:MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS AUXILIARY (b) could EXAMPLE She can cook. polite question (a) can MEANING ability Can you please make me dinner? past ability I couldn’t see it. polite question Could you please show me? 54
- 54. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART:MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS AUXILIARY MEANING possibility EXAMPLE It may snow. polite question May we see the menu? (d) might possibility It might snow. (e) must necessity You must leave now. (c) may 55
- 55. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART:MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE (f) should advisability (good idea) You should read this book. (g) will future happening You will enjoy this book. (h) would polite question Would you please call me? 56
- 56. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART:MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE (i) be able to ability I’m not able to finish this work. (j) be going to future happening I am going to study more. (k) have to/has necessity (l) had to past necessity You have to work harder. I had to study so much! 57
- 57. 13-8 Let’s Practice Namesomething you will do today. (click and type) 59
- 58. 13-8 Let’s Practice Youneed to borrow something from your teacher. Ask a polite question with may. (click and type) 60
- 59. 13-9 USING LET’S What shouldwe do this weekend? Let’s go skiing! 61
- 60. 13-9 USING LET’S (a)Andy: What should we do this weekend? Beth: Let’s go on a picnic. Andy: Great idea. (b) Claire: I love to swim. Sophie: Okay, let’s go swimming. Claire: Yes, let’s go! let’s = let us (I think we should) 62
- 61. 13-9 Let’s Practice let’s+ go to France go to the gym take a rest talk about this do our homework √ go out for dinner Don: I don’t feel like cooking. Beth: Let’s go out for dinner. 63
- 62. 13-9 Let’s Practice let’s+ √ go to France go to the gym take a rest talk about this do our homework go out for dinner Edith: I have never been to Europe. Roberto: Let’s go to France. 64
- 63. 13-9 Let’s Practice let’s+ take a rest do our homework go to France go to the gym √ talk about it go out for dinner Megumi: I don’t understand the lesson. Nashir: Let’s talk about it. 65
- 64. PHOTO CREDITS Images usedunder license from: • Shutterstock, Inc. • Clipart.com 66