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Chapter - 13, Why do we fall ill, Science, Class 9
The document explains health as a state of well-being affected by factors such as public cleanliness and diet, while defining disease as an abnormal condition impacting organism function. It differentiates between acute and chronic diseases, outlines causes (both internal and external), and discusses principles of disease treatment and prevention, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a strong immune system and hygiene. Vaccination is highlighted as a crucial method for strengthening immunity against diseases.
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Chapter - 13, Why do we fall ill, Science, Class 9
- 1. CHAPTER – 13 WHYDO WE FALL ILL BY SHIVAM PARMAR (ENTREPRENEUR & TEACHER)
- 2. HEALTH • It isa state of being well so that one can perform physical, social and mental functions properly.
- 3. FACTORS THAT DETERMINE BETTER HEALTH •PublicCleanliness •Food •Good Social Environment
- 4. WHAT DO YOU MEANBY A DISEASE? • A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not due to any immediate external injury. • For Example, Pain, Swelling and Fever are some common symptoms.
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- 6. HOW CAN WE STAYDISEASE FREE? We can stay disease- free by maintaining good health that is : • By having proper food or a balanced diet • By keeping the environment clean • Maintaining personal hygiene
- 7. HOW CAN WE IDENTIFYA DISEASE? • A disease is associated with symptoms. • Symptoms just indicate that there is a disease. They do not indicate the exact type of disease. • The doctors often look for the signs of a disease in order to find out the exact problem.
- 8. ACUTE DISEASES ANDCHRONIC DISEASES Acute Disease Chronic Disease Acute diseases last for only a short period of time. Chronic diseases last for a long period of time It is caused randomly. It is caused in due course of time. It does not cause major effect on general health. Example: Cough, dysentery. It causes major effect on general health. Example: Elephantiasis, heart disease, tuberculosis.
- 9. FACTORS CAUSES DISEASES? Internalfactors External factors Hormonal imbalance Unhealthy diet Allergic Reaction Disease causing germs (bacteria, viruses, fungi) Genetic disorder Pollution in the environment Malfunctioning of body organs Unhealthy lifestyle
- 10. CAUSES OF DISEASE 1.Immediate Causes and Contributory Causes
- 11. 2. Congenital and Acquired Diseases Congenital diseases are presentsince birth. For example hole in heart of an infant. Acquired Diseases occur after birth. Based on their ability to spread from one individual to another, Acquired diseases are of two types : Infectious and Non- infectious causes of Disease
- 12. INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS CAUSESOF DISEASE
- 13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INFECTIOUSANDNON- INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
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- 15. SEVERAL TYPES OFDISEASES
- 16. SEVERAL TYPES OFDISEASES
- 17. INFLAMMATION Our body hasan immune system in which it creates the cells that can fight against the disease-causing germs. This process of recruiting cells to kill the infectious agents present in our body is called Inflammation.
- 18. PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT Wemay treat an infectious disease in two ways: • By killing the infectious agents • By reducing the effects of the disease or reducing the symptoms We can reduce the symptoms in the following ways: • By taking rest • By taking medicine
- 19. Antibiotics aren’t effective against viruses? Antibioticscommonly work by blocking the biochemical pathways that are important for bacteria. Antibiotics do not work on viruses because viruses do not use the biochemical path and use host cell machinery for making proteins.
- 20. Principles of prevention Limitations of treating infectiousagents via medicines • Our body functions might not be able to recover easily • This treatment takes time hence it can affect our daily activities. • An infectious disease may transfer from a person who is suffering the disease to another in the meanwhile of the treatment.
- 21. There are twoways to prevent diseases: 1. Preventing exposure to these infectious agents • Waterborne diseases can be prevented by always having safe and pure drinking water • Airborne diseases can be prevented by avoiding overcrowded places in keeping the environment clean • Vector-borne diseases can be prevented by keeping our surroundings clean and maintaining public hygiene 2. Strengthening the immune system so that if any infectious agents enter our body it can fight back. This can be made possible by having healthy food.
- 22. What is theImmune System? • The immune system is a network of cells, tissues and organs that work together in order to protect our body from diseases. We may consider the immune system as a defence system of our body. • The ability of a body to resist a disease with the help of antibodies is called Immunity.
- 23. What is theImmune System? • A specific method to strengthen the immune system and hence preventing disease is vaccination. • Similarly, vaccination contains an agent that is similar to the disease-causing agents (weak or killed microbes). As it enters our body, our immune system learns to fight against it and hence prevents us from actually getting infected when the actual disease-causing microbes enter our body.
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