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Chapter 16 Gothic
- 1. Chapter 16: GothicArt of the 12th and 13th CenturiesMagister RicardArt History
- 2. What should youknow?Be ready to answer questions about Gothic architectureLots of interior images of Gothic cathedralsWhat are the architectural innovations of this period?What are the key features of Gothic architecture?Think height and light!
- 3. Gothic: It’s aninsult!The term “gothic” was coined by Renaissance artist (and art historian) Giorgio VasariWrote biographies about the Renaissance masters and designed gli Uffizi buildingProclaimed all of the structures built during the previous period to be the type of work only Goths would produceGothic tribes were blamed for the downfall of Rome and thus, civilizationVasari, as a Renaissance thinker, favored classical Greco-Roman culture
- 4. Gothic art inFranceChapter 16
- 5. Abbot Suger: AReal GothAbbot Suger, as abbot of Saint-Denis, wanted to beautify the church Desired a significant departure from the Romanesque styleChurch should be a place of beauty and inspiring hope and paradise (heaven)Very different from fear-inspiring last judgment scenes found in tympana of Romanesque churches
- 6. Abbot Suger: AReal GothDe administratione, Ch. XXVIIBright is the noble work; but being nobly bright the workShould lighten the minds, so that they may travel, through the true lightsTo the True Light where Christ is the true door……The dull mind rises to truth through that which is materialAnd, in seeing this light, is resurrected from its former subversion
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- 11. Choir, Abbey Churchof-Saint DenisCompleted 1140-1144Stained glass windows demonstrate departure from RomanesqueOnly possible due to high development of vaulting techniquesInitially used in the Romanesque period, now adapted to allow light in
- 12. Abbey Church ofSaint-DenisAesthetic based on open spaces and not massive, heavy wallsSuger wanted light and color to help illuminate the soulStained glass imitates shine of gems
- 15. Symbolism in Architecture:Notre Dame and Alchemy?
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- 19. Chartres CathedralMix ofRomanesque and Early GothicStained glass = Gothic elementsHoused the Tunic of the VirginGiven by Byzantine empress Irene to CharlemagneChartres had a pre-Christian virgin goddess cult
- 21. Chartres CathedralRoyal PortalInspiredby portals at Saint-DenisBuilt after the fire in 1134
- 22. Royal PortalChrist enthronedAscensionof ChristVirgin Mary
- 25. Ribbed VaultsQuadpartite ribbedvaultSexpartite ribbed vault
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- 30. Cathedral of Notre-Dame,ReimsInnovates on Gothic featuresExtends portal sculptural elements, gabled portalsPlaces large windows in tympanaSoaring peaks above tympana, reaching middle of rose windowBegun in 1211, completed in 1286Used to coronate the kings of France
- 31. Nave, Cathedral ofNotre-Dame, ReimsGreat rose window at clerestory levelLancets illuminate triforium levelWindow replaces stone in tympanumTracery and sculpture anchor windowsMary, not Christ dominates central portal
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- 35. Gothic Art inEnglandChapter 16
- 36. Gothic Elements inEnglandGothic style gets adapted locallyOriginally known as “opus francigeno”(English) Decorated styleOrnate decoration of architectural elementsExtra ribs to ribbed vaults(English) Perpendicular styleIncreased vertical emphasis on architectureWindows are tallerMore ornate
- 37. Gloucester Cathedral, EnglandIllustratesemphasis on vertical elementEnglish Perpendicular styleLarge window in the choirTall lancets unite the choir from floor to ceiling
- 40. Nave Comparison: Lookma, no Flying Buttresses!Salisbury Cathedral, England80 feet tall (no buttresses)Amiens Cathedral, France144 feet tall (flying buttresses)
- 41. Gothic art ingermanyChapter 16
- 42. Shrine of theThree KingsReliquary held relics of three magiShaped like a basilica-plan churchShows Germany still inspired by Roman artc. 1190-1210
- 43. Saint MauriceArtist:n/aTitle:Saint MauriceMedium:Dark sandstone with traces of polychromySize: n/aDate:c. 1240–50Source/ Museum: Magdeburg Cathedral, Magdeburg, GermanyCommander of Egyptian Christian troops in Roman armyMartyred in 286, favored by Ottonian emperors
- 44. Ekkehard and UtaFiguresrepresent ideal typesFaces are individualized and lifelikeSuch realism becomes characteristic of German Gothic artPainted to add realism
- 45. Gothic StatuaryInitially, Gothicarchitecture followed Romanesque in adorning exterior parts of buildingsAs time progressed, especially during High Gothic, sculpture is freedThe higher the relief the greater degree of naturalismGothic S-curve emerges, similar to contrapposto
- 46. Gothic art initalyChapter 16
- 47. Return to Classically-InspiredArt?Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor, was a talented poet, artist, naturalist and patron of the artsMindful of ancient Roman sculpture and how it affects imperial status, he begins to commission artists to follow that styleArtists like Nicola Pisano who use observation of nature as a source of inspiration
- 49. Pulpit, Baptistry, PisaNicolaPisano, 1260Panels illustrate several scenes – Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the ShepherdsVirgin reclines in AnnunciationInspiration may have come from Roman sarcophagi found near Baptistry
- 50. Pulpit, Cathedral, PisaGiovanniPisano, 1302Son of Nicola PisanoMore emotionHigher reliefMore dynamic
- 51. The Pisano FamilyNicolaPisano, 1260Giovanni Pisano, 1302
- 53. Crucifix: Gothic PaintingArtist:CoppodiMarcovaldoTitle:CrucifixMedium:Tempera and gold on wood panelSize: 9'7⅜" X 8'1¼" (2.93 X 2.47 m)Date:c. 1250–70Source/ Museum: Pinacoteca, San Gimignano, Italy“Historiated crucifix” – contains narrative of the Passion of Christ
Editor's Notes
- #7Â De administratione, CH. XXVII