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Chapter 2 natural Resources.pptx
- 1. Chapter No- 02 NATURALRESOURCES AND ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
- 2. Syllabus covered inthis chapter • Definition and types of Natural Resources. • Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people. • Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams benefits and problems. • Mineral resources: Usage and exploitation. Environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources. • Food resources: World food problem, changes caused by agriculture effect of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems • Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and nonrenewable energy resources, • Land as a resource: land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification • Role of an individuals in conservation of natural resources
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- 5. All means satisfyingthe human needs in time and place … 1) These environmental factors which fulfill the needs of human being and improve the lifestyle are called as Natural Resources .
- 6. 2) The lifeon Earth planet which depends upon variety of goods and service provided by the nature.
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- 8. 1) RENEWABLE NATURALRESOURCES- e.g. : Crops, Animals, Biomass, Forest ,Water ,Soil, Wildlife etc. 2) NON- RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES- e.g.- Fossil fuel like Coal , Petroleum products Minerals and Metals etc.
- 9. Natural Resources 1.Forest Resources 2.WaterResources 3.Mineral Resources 4.Food Resources 5.Energy Resources 6.Land Resources
- 10. Forest can bedefined as a biotic community predominated of trees, herbs or any other woody vegetation. Forest Resources ©2009 abcteach.com India's forest cover is 6,76,000 Sq. Km. 20.55 % of geographic area)
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- 14. A)Productive Value B) ProctiveValue C) Regulative Value
- 15. 1) Commercial use– :- food,fooder,medicine ,timber, fuel wood ,fire wood, Gum. Resign, Lac, Bamboo canes milk, Pulses ,Vegetables Meat ,Eggs, Food grains ,Honey etc
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- 17. B) Ecological Value (IndirectUse Value) (10 Lakh Rs /Tree/Yr.)
- 18. B) Ecological use– a) Production of oxygen b) Reduce global warming c) Wildlife Habitat d) Regulation of Hydrological Cycle e) Soil conservation f) Pollution Moderators g) Recharge the ground water
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- 21. It is processof removal of forest resources due to natural and manmade activities.
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- 25. 3) Raw materialsfor industries •Packing box industries •Railway sleepers industries •Plywood industries •Furniture industries •Match Box industries •Paper and pulp industries •Textile industries Packing box Indu. Railway Sleeper Plywood Industries Furniture Industries Match box industries Textile industries Paper and pulp industries
- 26. Dam Construction HydroelectricPower Project Mining Activities Road Construction Harbor 4) Developing activities-
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- 28. 7) Various Pestsand Insects 8) Other causes: Flood ,Drought, Landslides, Cyclone etc.
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- 30. • Economic Loss •Loss of Ecosystem • Loss of Bio-diversity • Change in Hydrological Cycle • Soil Erosion • Landslides • Increase in Global Warming • Siltation • Decrease in water table
- 31. Loss of Ecosystem Lossof Bio-diversity Soil Erosion Landslides
- 32. CONTROL MEASURES OFDEFORESTATION
- 33. •1) Plant moreand more trees •2) Avoid deforestation, Overgrazing & Forest Fire •3) Avoid various developmental activities in protected areas. •4) Forest pest can be controlled by spraying pesticides by aeroplane. •4) Conducts various activities •5) Implementation of Forest Conservation Act-1980 •6) Public Awareness
- 34. BIG DAM BENEFITS ANDLOSSES
- 35. BENEFITS :- It provideswater for drinking purpose It provides water for Agriculture purpose Generation of electricity. Navigation Fisheries To control the flood Reduce the famines
- 36. LOSSES Deforestation Loss of ecosystem Lossof Biodiversity Soil erosion and water logging Submerging of villages and fertile soil Displacement of People Resettlement and rehabilitation problems Possibility of Earthquake.
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- 38. • Distribution ofEarth surface- • 70 % Water and 30% Land •97.2 % - Ocean •2.15 % - Ice sheet •0.65 % - Fresh water Surface water and Ground water
- 39. Distribution of Wateron Earth surface Sr.No Location % 01 Fresh Water Lakes 0.009 02 Saline Lakes 0.008 03 Stream Channels 0.0001 04 Ground Water (More than 0.8 Km deep) 0.31 05 Ground Water (Less than 0.8 Km deep) 0.31 06 Soil Moisture 0.005 07 Ice Caps and Glaceries 02.15 08 Atmosphere 0.001 09 Oceans and Seas 97.2 10 Total 100%
- 40. USES OF WATERRESOURCES
- 41. •For Drinking purpose •ForDomestic purpose •For Generation of Electricity •For Agriculture Irrigation •For Industrialization •For Transportation
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- 45. • Flood issubmerging of extensive land area in water for several days in continuation. or When the quantity of water of any river or stream is get increased beyond its limit or capacity ,which is adversely affect on human being, living and non living things is called as flood. .
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- 49. 1.Heavy rainfall 2.Melting ofIce sheets 3.Deforestation 4.Urbanization 5.Dam construction 6.Siltation 7.Other causes: Cyclone, Tsunami ,High tides, High wind Speed etc.
- 50. High rainfall Meltingof snow Deforestation Urbanization Siltation Dam construction Other causes cyclone Tsunami
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- 54. • Loss ofLives i.e. Human being and Livestock • Damage the agriculture crops , houses and properties. • Break down the communication system ,Transportation and Electrical System. • Damage the rail track and roads • It causes health related problems • Spreading various water born diseases • Submerging of village and fertile soil • Soil erosion ,water logging and soil salinity problems. • Loss of Ecosystem • Loss of Biodiversity • Displacement of local people • Resettlement problems are occurred
- 55. Disruption of railtrack
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- 57. various water borndiseases
- 58. Loss of forest, soil erosion ,Landslides wildlife and loss of ecological balance Loss of life ,cattle's , property etc.
- 59. CONTROL MEASURES OFFLOOD
- 60. 1.Plant more andmore trees 2.Avoid deforestation 3.Ban on development activities 4.Construction of embankment 5.Forecasting 6.Use Environmental laws 7.Public awareness
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- 62. •When annual rainfallis below than normal level or less than evaporation rate ,then drought condition occurred. •OR •The condition of dryness for a long period.
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- 64. •Unstable hydrological cycle •Deforestation •Overuseof water resources •Monoculture agriculture practices •Overgrazing
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- 66. • Scarcity ofwater • Loss of lives and livestock's • Loss of ecosystem • Loss of Biodiversity • Loss of crops and agriculture sector • Soil erosion • Decrease in water table. • Displacement of affected people • Rehabilitation problems
- 67. CONTROL MEASURES OFDROUGHT
- 68. •Afforestation •Avoid deforestation •Proper useof water resources in every sectors •Recharge the ground water •Cultivate drought resistance crops in drought prone area •Use modern agriculture irrigation system •Use environmental laws •Public awareness
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- 70. Common name ofsome minerals- • Quartz • Feldspar • Biotite • Hematite • Dolomite • Calcite • Laterite • Bauxite.
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- 76. Types of MineralResources
- 77. 1. Energy MineralResources :- E.g. Coal, Oil, Petroleum products, Minerals and Metals 2. Metallic Mineral Resources :- E.g. Au,Ag,Fe,Cu,Al etc 3. Non metallic Mineral Resources :- E.g. Clay, Sand, Gypsum ,Diamond etc
- 78. Uses of MineralResources
- 79. •For development ofindustrial plants & machineries •For construction of building, housing •For generation of electricity . •Communication System- •Transportation system- •Defense equipments – •Medicinal system – •In agriculture system – •Jewellery -
- 80. Copper- Alloy material ,goldjewelry ,silverware, brss and bronze , electrical wiring, pipes and cooking vessels Gold- Ornaments , medical use , electronic use use in aerospace
- 81. Mercury- Thermometer, dental activities,Electric switches Magnesium- use in automobile and truck parts , used to manufacture cell phones used in the manufacture of paper.
- 82. •Impacts of miningactivities on the Environment
- 83. Mining means : Theprocess of extracting mineral resources and fossil fuel from the earth. Mining Activity : 1.Surface Mining 2.Sub-Surface Mining
- 85. Impacts of mining activities PhysicalImpacts .Land subsidence .Underground Fire .Soil Erosion Ecological Impacts Deforestation Loss of ecosystem Loss of biodiversity Positive Impact Employment Economic gain Negative Impact Encroachment Resettlement & Rehabilitation issue Environmental Pollution Air , Water , Soil and Noise pollution Occupational Health Problems Health hazards Accidents Impacts of mining activities on the Environment Land Subsidence : Tilting of Building Cracks in the houses Buckling of roads Bending of rail tracks Leakage in gas pipeline Health related Problems: Asbestosis Silicosis Black lung diseases
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- 88. Types of FoodResources 1.Agriculture Food 2.Livestock's 3.Fish
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- 90. Impact of Overgrazingand Agriculture
- 91. Impact of Overgrazing Overgrazing SoilLand Loss of Erosion Degradation Useful species
- 92. Agriculture Traditional Agriculture ModernAgriculture Deforestation Soil Erosion Depletion of Nutrients
- 93. Traditional Agriculture • BigBig Plots • Use of simple wooden agriculture Implements. • Use of Traditional seeds • Use of Organic fertilizers and pesticides. • Use of traditional irrigation system • Low production • No any side effects on Environment.
- 94. Impact of TraditionalAgriculture- • Forest clearing/Deforestation • Soil erosion • Depletion of nutrients
- 95. Modern Agriculture • Smallsmall Plots • Use of modern wooden agriculture Implements. • Use of hybrid seeds • Use of Chemical fertilizers and pesticides. • Use of modern irrigation system • More production • More side effects on Environment.
- 96. Modern Agriculture 1. Impactsrelated to High Yielding varieties 2. Fertilizers related problems 3. Pesticides related problems Micronutrient Imbalance Nitrate Pollution Eutrophication Pest resistance problems Loss of Non target Species Biomagnification 4. Water Logging 5. Soil Salinity Air, Water and Soil Pollution
- 97. 1.Insecticides – insects 2.Herbicides– plants 3.Rodenticides – rodents (rats & mice) 4.Bactericides – bacteria 5.Fungicides – fungi 6.Larvicides – larvae
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- 99. TYPES OF ENERGYRESOURCES A) Renewable / Reversible / Non-Exhaustible Energy Resources- e.g.- Solar, Wind ,Tidal , Hydal ,Geothermal , Biomass, Forest ,Wildlife etc. B)Non- Renewable / Irreversible / Exhaustible Energy Resources– e.g.- Fossil fuel like Coal , Petroleum products Minerals and Metals etc.
- 100. Solar Energy Solar Lamp Solarcooker solar street light Solar calculators solar watch Radio TV Solar water heater
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- 107. • Land usecategories in India:- Sr.No. Land use categories Area in million ha. 01 Cultivated 142 02 Forest 67 03 Non agriculture 20 04 Barren and pasture 55 05 fallow 25
- 108. Importance of soilresources
- 109. • From whichwe can grow diff. type of food ,fodder ,medicine and drugs. • It provides physical and mechanical strength to crops/plants • It provides nutrients to the crops • It act as habitat of microorganisms • It has high water holding capacity • It has high infiltration rate • It maintain the proper pH level. • It acts as a ion exchange medium. • It serve as a bed for roads, highways, building & other constructions.
- 110. Land degradation Causes ofland degradation- 1) Landslides 2) Soil erosion 3) Desertification 4) Deforestation 5) Overgrazing 6) Water logging 7) Soil salinity 8) Over use of chemical fertilizers 9) Over use of chemical pesticides 10) Various developmental activities etc. 11.Heavy rainfall 12. Natural disaster 13. High wind speed
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- 114. Landslide • Slipping ofthe layer of land over the other is called as landslides. OR Sliding of land or rock material from one place to another place is called as landslides.
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- 116. Natural causes- • Highrain fall • High wind action • Earthquake • Gravitational Force
- 117. Man-made activities- • Deforestation •Overgrazing • Various human development activities.
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- 119. • Loss oflives. • Damage man made structure like bridges ,houses and properties etc. • Block the roads, rail track • Loss of vegetation • Loss of Ecosystem • Loss of Biodiversity • Change in river flow in hilly area
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- 121. CONTROL MEASURES OFLANDSLIDE
- 122. •A forestation inlandslide prone area. •Make adequate provision of water drainage •Decrease the slope of mountain •Use metallic mesh wiring or wired stone blocks. •Avoid the deforestation. •Avoid the overgrazing . •Use Environmental Laws •Public awareness.
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- 125. Soil erosion - Definition- The movement of top soil ,especially surface litter from one place to another place OR The removal of soil at greater rate than its formation rate ,due to natural agencies like high wind speed and high rainfall.
- 126. Types of Soilerosion
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- 131. Causes of Soilerosion
- 132. •High wind speed •highrainfall. •Deforestation •Overgrazing •Various human development activities
- 133. Effects of soilerosion
- 134. •Reduce the soilfertility and soil structure. •Reduce the crop productivity •Decline the operative soil depth. •Decrease the recycling of organic matter •Decrease the infiltration rate of soil. •Decrease the water holding capacity of soil. •Loss of useful microorganisms •Loss of organic material. •Damage the drainage network. •Siltation of lake or reservoirs
- 135. CONTROL MEASURES OFSOIL EROSION -
- 136. • Developments ofgreen belts . • Proper use of land & water resources • Proper use of Chemical fertilizers and pesticides. • Prohibition on shifting cultivation. • Avoid deforestation. • Avoid Overgrazing. • Crop rotation for better soil improvement. • Contour farming. • Flood control measures. • Reclamation of waste land.
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- 139. •Definition :- Itis gradually process of land degradation where the conversion of productive land in to unproductive land.
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- 141. •Deforestation •Overgrazing •Unstable hydrological cycle. •Urbanization •Industrialization •Variousdevelopmental activities •Overuse and misuse of water resources.
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- 143. • Loss oflives • Loss of crops • Scarcity of water • Loss of ecosystem • Loss of Biodiversity • Loss of crops and agriculture sector • Soil erosion • Rehabilitation problems
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- 145. • Proper useof land resources • Plant more trees • Avoid deforestation • Avoid overgrazing • Avoid misuse or overuse of water resources • Use Environmental laws. • Public awareness.
- 146. Role of individualin conservation of Natural Resources
- 147. • Avoid misuseor overuse of natural resources • Developments of green belts • Avoid deforestation • Avoid Overgrazing • Rain water harvesting and watershed management. • Reuse and recycle of waste water • Use modern irrigation system • Save electricity • Use renewable energy resources • Use more public transportation • Avoid misuse or overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. • Do not waste the food resources • Public awareness.
- 148. I) .conservation offorest: *use non-timber products. *plant more trees and protect them. *over grassing must be controlled. *minimize the use of papers and fuel wood. *avoid of executing developmental works like dam, road and industrial constructions in forest areas.
- 149. II) Conserve Water 1.Don't keep water taps running while brushing, shaving, washing or bathing. 2. Check for water leaks in pipes and toilets and repair them promptly. A small pin-hole sized leak will lead to the wastage of 640 liters of water in a month. 3. Use drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation to improve irrigation efficiency and reduce evaporation. Install a small system to capture rain water and collect normally wasted used water from sinks, cloth-washers, bathtubs etc. which can be used for watering the plants 4. Build rain water harvesting system in your house. Even the President of India is doing this.
- 150. III. Conserve energy 1.Turn off lights, fans and other appliances when not in use. 2. Obtain as much heat as possible from natural sources. Dry the clothes in sun instead of drier if it is a sunny day. 3. Obtain as much heat as possible from natural sources. Dry the clothes in sun instead of drier if it is a sunny day. 4. Use solar cooker for cooking your food on sunny days which will be more nutritious and will cut down on your LPG expenses. 5. Grow deciduous trees and climbers at proper places outside your home to cut off intense heat of summers and get a cool breeze and shade. This will cut off your electricity charges on coolers and air-conditioners.
- 151. Food Resources : Donot waste food. Take as much as you can eat Reduce the use of pesticides. Fertilize your crop primarily with organic fertilizers. Eat local and seasonal vegetables. This saves lot of energy on transport, storage and preservation. Control pests by a combination of cultivation and biological control methods.
- 152. Equitable use ofresources for sustainable lifestyle- • sustainable Development - The development that meets the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own need.
- 153. •Save the Earth •Savethe Natural Resources.