Chapter 5 natural environment

Chapter 5 natural environment

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  CHAPTER 5 : NATURALENVIRONMENT
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  Natural Environment The naturalenvironment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most often applied to the Earth or some parts of Earth. This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather, and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity. The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished as components: a) Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive civilized human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries and their nature b) Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism, not originating from civilized human activity
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  Natural Environment ofSoutheast Asia Region Tropical Climate Majority of country is geographically situated in the tropical latitudes Have hot and rainy weather all year Coolest temperature about 20-23 degree & may reach 30-33 degree celsius Tropical rainforests only cover 6% oh the world's surface, yet they produce 40% of the oxygen & support nearly half of all plant and animal species.
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  Equatorial Climate &Occeanic Climate
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  Envionmental problems Over 2million people died from natural disasters between 1970 and 2014 in Asia and the Pacific, or 56.6 per cent of the fatalities globally. Earthquakes and tsunamis were the main cause of deaths, despite their relatively infrequent occurrences. Tsunami Tsunami is a series of ocean waves typically caused by large undersea earthquakes or volcano eruptions at tectonic plate boundaries. These surges of water may reach 100 feet and cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore. They race across the sea at a speed up to 500 miles per hour and cross the entire Pacific Ocean in less than one day. Their long wavelength means that they lose very little energy along the way.
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  Tsunami in 2004 Tsunamiof 2004, caused by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, is the most devastating tsunami in modern times, affecting 18 countries in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, killing more than 250,000 people in a single day, and leaving more than 1.7 million homeless. However, its impact in the islands of the Indian Ocean more than 1,000 miles away from its epicenter. This is the first peer-reviewed paper on the 2004 tsunami events specifically in the eleven nations bordering the Indian Ocean, as they constitute a region at risk, due to the presence of tectonic interactive plate, absence of a tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean, and lack established communication network providing timely information to that region.
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  Environmental Problems -Pollution Smoke from land clearing fires in Indonesia causes hazardous haze pollution in South East Asia every year. Record high levels of air pollution caused by haze were reached in June 2013 in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. For a week the most affected areas of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia resembled a post-apocalyptic scene – people only dared go out with face masks, schools were closed, the economy took a hit as businesses suspended work, events were cancelled, tourists stayed clear of the area and hospitals faced a surge of respiratory illnesses.
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  Natural Environmental ofEast Asia RegionContinental climate Humid continental climate is one of the few climates with different season. Warm and humid summer, cool and dry autumn, cold and harsh winter and a warm and wet spring. Some area are covered in grassland. Climate : excellent for farming since it has warm summers and regular rainfall A wide variety of plants often supports a wide variety of animals including bears, wolves, coyotes & deer Animals who live in climate regions with a large range of temperature often migrate.
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  Subtropical rainy climate Isknown for hot humid summers and mild winters Average temperature of summer is between 70 and 80 degrees Coldest month usually averages 45-50 degrees Many plants such as palm trees are found here Supports many types of mammals, reptiles and amphibians
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  East Asia Pacific -A Region At Risk - East Asia Pacific is the most disaster-stricken region in the world. Many megacities are densely populated with slums growing fast in high-risk areas. 61% of global losses from disasters was sustained by East Asia Pacific in the past 20 years $259 billion - economic losses from natural disasters in the first 9 month (2011) - the costliest year on record 1.6 billion people have been affected by disasters since 2000 40% of floods worldwide happened in East Asia between 1980 - 2011
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  Environmental Problem -DiseasesExample of diseases at East Asia • Malaria • Japanese encephalitis • Dengue • Typhus • Yellow fever ARTHROPOD- BORNE DISEASES • Travelers' diarrhea • Cholera • Typhoid • Hepatitis A and hepatitis E • Poliomyelitis FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE DISEASES • HIV infection • Hepatitis B and hepatitis C • Influenza • Rabies OTHER INFECTIONS
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  Environmental Problems -Pollution Thermal pollution is the act of altering the temperature of a natural body of water, which may be a river, lake or ocean environment.  Migration - Bad oxygen and temperature changes in the environment will prompt organisms to move away from the area and populate news area, changing ecosystems & biodiversity in both area Shorter Plant Life - An increase in water temperature increase growth rates of aquatic plants, which results in a shorter life for plants & overpopulation of the species. A rush of warm water can cause an algae bloom that will reduce the oxygen in water
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  Natural Environment ofEurope Region Oceanic Oceanic temperature climate also known as Marine West Coast is located from Southern Norway and Spain. Temperature : fairly small compared to other climate type ( don't have major differences during different seasons ) Only has 2 seasons : summer and winter Coldest month : lower than 30 degrees Warmest month : averages about 72 degrees Climate areas receive regular rain that supports thick forests and a wide variety of plant life including evergreen trees (conifers) suh as spruce, cedar, pine, redwood.
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  Moderate Climate /Mediterranean •Climate is very mild, has 2 seasons : summer and winter •Winter temperatures : between 30 and 65 degrees •Summer temperatures : above 50 degrees •Plants is able o survive long in dry summers such Pine trees oaks •Fruit trees also will grow well such as grapes, olives, citrus fruits
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  Industrialization POSITIVE EFFECTS The creationof power machines and factories provided many new job opportunities. The new machinery increased production speed of good and gave people the ability to transport raw materials. Industrialization also lead to urbanization. Urbanization is the movement of people into cities and city building. Citizens wanted to live closer to the factories that they worked at. The Western World went from rural and agricultural to urban industrial. NEGATIVE EFFECTS Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size which led to over crowding in cities. Sometimes a large population is a good thing, but in this case the population was too big and caused many health problems. Living conditions were dirty and unhealthy. Cities were unsanitary and diseases filled the streets. There were no sanitation codes in cities. Many citizens got very sick.
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  Natural Environment ofNorth America Climatic environment of North America are generally similar to Europe and northern Asia. Have four distinct seasons: > Spring - March, April, May > Summer - June, July, August > Autumn - September, October, November > Winter - December, January, February The plant life is characterised according to climatic region. The coniferous forest region contains trees such as pine, fir and spruce. North America is home to a range of wild animals including the sea otter, raccoon and the mountain lion. Polar bears, wolves and caribou live in the arctic regions of Canada & Greenland
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  Natural hazard -Flood 100 - year flood A one-hundred-year flood is a flood event that has a 1% probability of occurring in any given year. The 100-year flood is also referred to as the 1% flood, since its annual exceedance probability is 1%. For river systems, the 100-year flood is generally expressed as a flowrate. Based on the expected 100-year flood flow rate, the flood water level can be mapped as an area of inundation. The resulting floodplain map is referred to as the 100-year floodplain. Estimates of the 100-year flood flowrate and other streamflow statistics for any stream in the United States are available. In the UK The Environment Agency publishes a comprehensive map of all areas at risk of a 1 in 100 year flood. Areas near the coast of an ocean or large lake also can be flooded by combinations of tide, storm surge, and waves. Maps of the riverine or coastal 100-year floodplain may figure importantly in building permits, environmental regulations, and flood insurance.
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  Natural Vegetation ofNorth AmericaThe natural vegetation of North America has been significantly modified by human activity, but its general nature is still apparent over much of the continent.  The most notable forest is the taiga, or boreal forest, an enormous expanse of mostly coniferous trees (especially spruce, fir, hemlock, and larch) that covers most of southern and central Canada and extends into Alaska. In the eastern United States a mixed forest, dominated by deciduous trees in the north and by various species of yellow pine in the south-east, has mostly been cleared or cut over, but a considerable area has regrown since the 1940s. In the western portion of the continent, forests are primarily associated with mountain ranges, and coniferous trees are dominant.
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  North America VegetationMap