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![• References
[1] http://charlescorrea.net/ (19/03/2012)
[2] Khan, H. U., Charles Correa: Architects in India, Butterworth
Architecture, 1987
[3] Stiny, G. Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars,
Environment and Planning B: Planning and
Design, Volume: 7, pages: 343-351, 1980
[4] Correa, C., The New Landscape: Urbanization in the Third World,
Butterworth Architecture, 1989
[5] Correa, C., The Blessing of The Sky (essay 7), Thames &
Hudson, London, 2000
http://charlescorrea.net/ (19/03/2012)
[6] http://www.bot.yildiz.edu.tr/_sites/mardin/Doc/Correa.pdf
(19/03/2012)
• http://archnet.org/authorities/9/publications/7098
• http://archnet.org/authorities/9/sites/1405
• http://www.ribabookshops.com/item/charles-correa-indias-greatest-
architect/80659/
• http://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/charles-correa-the-people-
s-architect/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Correa
• Charles Correa - Architect in India (page 62-65)
http://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-tara-
group-housing-delhi-1975-1978/
Low-Rise High-Density Housing_ A Feasible Alternative (HCMC
UARC – KULEUVEN, Bruno De Meulder, Kelly
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeUxo2omlHA
• http://www.architectureweek.com/2000/1011/news_1-2.html
• “Report from India: Current work of Correa” by H. Smith
Architectural Record, New York, v. 168 n. 1 (lug. 1980) p. 88-99
• “Open the Box” by Jim Murphy
Progressive Architecture, New York – vol.63 n. 10 (Ott), pp. 100-104
• “Charles Correa: Inspirations Indiennes”
Techniques & Architecture, Paris, n. 361 (aug. – sett. 1985), pp. 106-
117;
• http://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-
tara-grouphousing-delhi-1975-1978/
• magazines
• - H.Smith 'Report from India: Current Work of Correa',
Architectural Record, New York, July 1980, pp.88-89
• - 'Contemporary Asian Architecture', Process Architecture - 20,
Tokyo, November, 1980,pp.94-118
• Books
• - Hassan-Huddin, Khan. (1987). "Architect Charles Correa in
India", Mimar book, Butterworth architecture.
• - Balwant Singh Saini, Angus and Robertson "Building
environment", Sydney, 1973, p.97
• - Sir Banister Fletcher's "A History of Architecture", 19th Edition,
Butterworth, London, 1987, p.1494
• Web
• - http://www.charlescorrea.net/
• - http://www.archnet.org/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/zonakshicorrea-160415052601/75/charles-correa-hotels-apartments-townships-residences-37-2048.jpg)
Uploaded bySonakshi Bhattacharjee
charles correa - hotels , apartments, townships,residences
Charles Correa was an Indian architect born in 1930 who established a private practice in Bombay in 1958. He is renowned for designing buildings that were climatically responsive and drew from local culture and vernacular architecture. Some of his notable works include the Cama Hotel in Ahmedabad (1958-59), which had a double height atrium supported on stilts, and the Kovalam Beach Resort in Kerala (1969-1974), which featured clusters of detached units arranged on a stepped terrace leading to the beach. Correa emphasized principles like open-to-sky spaces, courtyards, incremental expansion, and affordability in his residential projects such as the Belapur Housing in Mumbai (1983-1986). He
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charles correa - hotels , apartments, townships,residences
- 1. BY- SONAKSHI BHATTACHARJEE 114AROO24, P&A NITROURKELA http://im.rediff.com/news/2015/jun/17charles-correa.jpg
- 2. • Born inHyderabad, India in 1930. • Studied at the University of Michigan and Massachusetts Institute of Technology . • Established a private practice in Bombay in 1958. • Awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 1984, the Aalto Medal, and the UIA Gold Medal in 1990., the Aalto Medal in 1990, Aga Khan award for architecture, Praemium Imperiale of Japan ,Padma Shree (1972) and Padma Vibhushan (2006) . • Founded the Urban Design Research Institute in Bombay in 1984. INTRODUCTION • References Dennis Sharp. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p40. • http://test.iabforum.com/a-place-in-the-shade-charles-correa/ PHILOSOPHIES
- 3. POST LIBERALISATION INDIA •http://www.kamit.jp/25_dictionary/mumbai_2.jpg • http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/04/13/15/86_big.jpg
- 4. PERVASIVE PRINCIPLES OFCORREA Tropes employed: • Courtyards and terraces • The ritualistic pathway • Leisure • Urbanization • The machine for living • Workspaces • Metaphors • Vernacular aspects • Seen in primary phase of his career in India • Modern / postmodern philosophies • Seen in later phases of his career
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- 6. CAMA HOTEL,AHMEDABAD 1958-59 Whole volumesupported On stilts Double height atrium Subsequent changes made by owners ; make it look like this at present. https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/07/0d/19/1c/hotel-cama-ahmedabad.jpg
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- 8. Public and semipublic area PLANNING • The facilities had to be deployed in the manner which would create a critical mass for each activity and at a time open up several strategic points on the site so as to increase future growth options. • The master plan there fore does not concentrate all the facilities in one area , but generate a large number of potential growth points, thus allowing a more flexible response to future demands . TEXT REFERNCE- http://www.charlescorrea.net/
- 9. • Ref -THEarchiblog.wordpress.com Section of detached unit Section of main building Unit floor plan
- 10. PRINCIPLES • Cluster ofdetached units – “Kudils” • • Stepped terrace that leads visually to the beach • • Subtle level changes having a certain oriental character • • Highly articulated living zones • • Highly responsive resort with regional character • plaster walls with red tiled roofs • MAIN PRINCIPLE: STEPPED INTERLOCKING OF SPACES AND OPEN TO SKY, VERNACULARISM REFERENC ES-
- 11. CIDADE DE GOA,PANAJI 1978-1982 http://www.cidadedegoa.com/images/profile.jpg
- 12. DESIGN IDEAS • CONTEXT •Goa – a balanced polysymmetric city of villages and towns. • Land based economy of a colonial port city • EXPRESSIONISM • Siituated on a descending slope in zuari river range • Eldorado- Portuguese imagery (a city that has no practical relevance). • VISUAL IMAGERY • Fragmented and kaleidoscopic series of places • KITSCH • Trompe de l’oiel • Goan nostalgia • Sardonic art • SEMIOTIC • Main road leading to a ridge • Plaza • Extrovert balconies • Artefacts and symbols of a typical city like stage set MAIN TROPE- METAPHOR
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- 15. TUBE HOUSE,AHMEDABAD 1961-1962 • Completeanti-thesis of his ‘open-to-sky’ concept. • Narrow dwelling, 12’ wide. • Sloped roofs and vents situated at the point of intersection, barely open to sky. • To shield the house in the heat of the day, protecting inner volume from the sun.
- 16. PAREKH HOUSE ,AHMEDABAD 1967-1968 •Design concept: • Two pyramidal sections from housing types developed for Cablenagar • Summer section – to be used during daytime; protects interior from heat • Winter section – to be used in early mornings and evenings; opens up the terraces to the sky • Since site faces east-west, house consists of 3 bays • Functional Aspects: • cubical composition • arrangement of spaces as per their time of use.
- 17. • Passive features •A void is provided • Louvered doors-it also cuts off the heat and direct sun coming from the entrance. • Level differences. PLAN • Other features: • Over head pargolas-helps in shading the wall during the day time. • Recessed or Sunken windows-allows only diffused light into the building. • STEP PYRAMIDAL form of spaces inversing with respect to the season. • Garden space in front of the house. • Material chosen-concrete and brick covering. • Good climatic responsive building since 47 years of its construction
- 19. KORAMANGALAM HOUSE,BANGALORE 1985-1989 • Thetraditional courtyard houses of South India represent a typology much older, and really quite different, from that of the bungalows built by the British. • The traditional old Hindu houses in Tamil Nadu and Goa are usually organised around a small central courtyard, with a tree or tulsi plant in the middle. • The front door, intentionally placed off-centre on the main facade, leads one along a shifting axis to arrive at the courtyard - which acts as the central focus, and brings wonderful bounce-light and ventilation to the rooms that surround it. • TROPES- Courtyards and Terraces.
- 21. SONMARG APARTMENTS, MUMBAI 1961-1966 •This is an early attempt to deal with the context and climate of Bombay. • In order to create two lines of defence against the rain and sun, a belt of auxiliary spaces (verandahs, studies, dressing rooms, etc) is arranged to form a zone of protection around the main living areas. • The apartment is on two levels with a difference of 75 cm between the living room & the main bedrooms Since there are only two apartments per floor, each unit is open on three sides, creating through-ventilation and a subtle ambience of cross-light.
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- 25. CONCEPTS MAIN PRINCIPLE: Subvertsthe traditional principles of A bungalow veranda and applies them to a high-rise, creating generous two-storey terraces within geometrically-complex interlocking apartments. The building had to be oriented east – west to capture prevailing sea breeze and views to the city. But also the orientation for hot sun and heavy rains
- 26. CONCEPTS • Tower 1:4proportion – 21m X 84m – hosts 32 three or four bedroom luxury apartments. • Ingenious cellular planning – interlock of one and a half storey,split-level units. • Smaller displacement of levels differentiates external earth ;filled terrace to interior elevated living volumes • Effectively shields the effects of both sun and rain • Tower with deep garden verandahs (unite d habitation) • MAIN PRINCIPLE: MODERNISM
- 27. TARA GROUP HOUSING,DELHI 1975-78 • Tara Apartment is one kind of social projects that is intended for the middle-class of Nehru center. • Tara housing group has more than 125 units and 375 persons per hectare. • The Tara pays deeply attention to the inner activities which are almost happen in the central garden and leave the interaction of traffic behind a wall which is parallel to Guru Ravidas Marg Street( the South-East).
- 28. • SPATIAL ORGANIZATIONAND PLANNING OF SPACES • TROPES- COURTYARD AND RITUALISTIC PATHWAY • CLIMATIC ADAPTABILITY
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- 34. PRINCIPLES OPEN TO SKYSPACES -Project demonstrates how high density housing (500 people per hectare) can be achieved in a low-rise typology, while including open to sky spaces and services, like schools, that the community requires INCREMENTALITY- to give each unit its own site to allow for expansion PARTICIPATION- Consequently, families do not share walls with their neighbors , allowing each to expand INCOME GENERATION - Houses constructed simply and can be built by traditional masons and craftsmen - generating employment for local workers PLURALISM - several plans exist that cover the social spectrum, from squatters to upper income families EQUITY (FAIRNESS) - Yet, the footprint of each plan varies little in size (from 45 sqm to 70 sqm), maintaining equity (fairness) in the community
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- 36. CRITICAL ANALYSIS • carefuldevelopment, understanding and adaptation of Modernism to a non-western culture. • try to go beyond typical solutions to third world problems. • the use of local materials . • focuses on the needs of local people with regards to social needs and weather conditions, and the use of locally-sourced produce and craftsmanship. • support the cultural identity of a place and community and eventually lead to sustainable architecture.
- 37. • References [1] http://charlescorrea.net/(19/03/2012) [2] Khan, H. U., Charles Correa: Architects in India, Butterworth Architecture, 1987 [3] Stiny, G. Introduction to Shape and Shape Grammars, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Volume: 7, pages: 343-351, 1980 [4] Correa, C., The New Landscape: Urbanization in the Third World, Butterworth Architecture, 1989 [5] Correa, C., The Blessing of The Sky (essay 7), Thames & Hudson, London, 2000 http://charlescorrea.net/ (19/03/2012) [6] http://www.bot.yildiz.edu.tr/_sites/mardin/Doc/Correa.pdf (19/03/2012) • http://archnet.org/authorities/9/publications/7098 • http://archnet.org/authorities/9/sites/1405 • http://www.ribabookshops.com/item/charles-correa-indias-greatest- architect/80659/ • http://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/charles-correa-the-people- s-architect/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Correa • Charles Correa - Architect in India (page 62-65) http://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-tara- group-housing-delhi-1975-1978/ Low-Rise High-Density Housing_ A Feasible Alternative (HCMC UARC – KULEUVEN, Bruno De Meulder, Kelly • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeUxo2omlHA • http://www.architectureweek.com/2000/1011/news_1-2.html • “Report from India: Current work of Correa” by H. Smith Architectural Record, New York, v. 168 n. 1 (lug. 1980) p. 88-99 • “Open the Box” by Jim Murphy Progressive Architecture, New York – vol.63 n. 10 (Ott), pp. 100-104 • “Charles Correa: Inspirations Indiennes” Techniques & Architecture, Paris, n. 361 (aug. – sett. 1985), pp. 106- 117; • http://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa- tara-grouphousing-delhi-1975-1978/ • magazines • - H.Smith 'Report from India: Current Work of Correa', Architectural Record, New York, July 1980, pp.88-89 • - 'Contemporary Asian Architecture', Process Architecture - 20, Tokyo, November, 1980,pp.94-118 • Books • - Hassan-Huddin, Khan. (1987). "Architect Charles Correa in India", Mimar book, Butterworth architecture. • - Balwant Singh Saini, Angus and Robertson "Building environment", Sydney, 1973, p.97 • - Sir Banister Fletcher's "A History of Architecture", 19th Edition, Butterworth, London, 1987, p.1494 • Web • - http://www.charlescorrea.net/ • - http://www.archnet.org/
- 38. “ ” ARCHITECTURE IS NOTA QUEUE IN WHICH WE ALL HAVE TO LINE UP, WITH PERHAPS THE AMERICANS AHEAD, OR THE CHINESE BEHIND. NO, EACH OF US HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE ON THE CUTTING EDGE OF WHERE WE LIVE. NO ONE ELSE CAN DO THAT. IT’S UP TO US TO UNDERSTAND THAT OPPORTUNITY. - Thank you
Editor's Notes
- #3 Another interesting aspect of this compilation is a kaleidoscope of his writings on concepts embedded in the human psyche to which he has always strived to respond to through his architecture. Through an array of references to places like the Chinese gardens, the Indian temples, the ruins of Mandu, the compositions of Fatehpur Sikri, the Corbusian landscape of Chandigarh and a multitude of influential structures, he establishes that architecture of value can be created as fundamental response to the understanding of the culture, the aspirations, the climate and the technology of the society for which it is built
- #4 Correa's work in India shows a careful development, understanding and adaptation of Modernism to a non-western culture. Correa's early works attempt to explore a local vernacular within a modern environment. Correa's land-use planning and community projects continually try to go beyond typical solutions to third world problems. During the 1970s and 1980s Correa has worked on larger projects for which he used a fuller semiotic approach. An international lecturer and traveler, he was
- #20 which is usually a long shed (with the Living and Dining rooms down the centre and the Bedrooms on either side), wrapped around with continuous verandahs The result: rooms which are large and generous, but sadly lacking in light and cross-ventilation
- #22 Over three decades of occupation by the same family, the apartment illustrated has had to deal with many different changes in the ages and the space requirements of its users - and this is where the cordon of auxiliary spaces along the western and eastern faces have proved extraordinarily responsive and flexible, combining with the main rooms to deal with a large number of spill-over activities in an easy and economical manner.
- #37 . This is beneficial especially when building in low-income areas, as eradicating the need to import goods lowers overall building costs.