Chernobyl Disaster-1.pptx

Chernobyl Disaster-1.pptx

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  Dr. B RAmbedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab TOPIC: CHERNOBYL DISASTER SUBMITTED TO: SAURAV SIR SUBJECT: ENGLISH COMMUNICATION LAB
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  GROUP MEMBERS NAME: AVNEESH RANJAN ROLLNO: 22102016 NAME: BALWANT KUMAR ROLL NO: 22102017 NAME: BODABALLA VARDHAN ROLL NO: 22102018 NAME: DAKSH KAPOOR ROLL NO: 22102019 NAME: DANISH SINGH ROLL NO: 22102020
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction  Where is Chernobyl ?  Nuclear Power Plant  Reactor Plant Scenario  What happened in Chernobyl disaster ?  Reasons for the accident  The reactor after the explosion  Impacts of the Chernobyl accident  Effects of the Chernobyl accident  Economic Cost  Lessons learned from Chernobyl accident  References
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  INTRODUCTION  The Chernobyldisaster was the worst nuclear power plant disaster of all the time and is the only event classified as level 7 on the International Nuclear Event scale. This disaster was 400 times more radioactive than the Hiroshima’s nuclear bomb event. This disaster was occurred on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Pripyat, Ukraine. At that time Ukraine was the part Soviet Union.  The accident started during a safety test on an RBMK – type nuclear reactor, which was commonly used throughout the Soviet Union. The test was a simulation of an electrical power outage to aid the development of a society procedure for maintaining reactor cooling water circulation until the back- up electrical generators could provide power. The gap was about one minute and had been identified as a potential safety problem that can cause the nuclear reactor core to overheat. It was hoped to prove that the residual rotational energy in the turbine generator could provide enough power to cover the gap for that three such test were made out during 1982 but that were failed and no solution was taken out. On 26th of April 1986 it was the fourth attempt.
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  Where is Chernobyl?  Chernobyl is located in the Prypiat city of Northern Ukraine,10 miles away from Belarus and 80 miles away from North of Kiev. That time Chernobyl was considered to be one of the advanced cities during 1980s
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  The Chernobyl NuclearPower Plant  Located 11 miles north of the city of Chernobyl  Plant consisted of 4 reactors  Produced 10% of Ukraine’s electricity  Construction began in the 1970’s  Reactor #4 was completed in 1983  At the time of the accident reactors #5 and #6 were in progress
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  Reactor Plant Scenario Asthe reaction occurs, the uranium fuel becomes hot The water pumped through the core in pressure tubes removes the heat from the fuel The water is then boiled into steam The steam turns the turbines  The water is then cooled Then the process repeats
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  What Happened inthe Chernobyl disaster? Saturday, April 26, 1986: • Reactor #4 was undergoing a test to test the backup power supply in case of a power loss. • The power fell too low, allowing the concentration of xenon-135 to rise. • The workers continued the test, and in order to control the rising levels of xenon-135, the control rods were pulled out.
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  Reasons for theAccident  Workers lack of knowledge of reactor physics and engineering, as well as lack of experience and training - Delay - The night shift was not prepared to carry out the experiment - But it was still carried out - The operation seem to have been unaware of the xenon poisoning  Insufficient communication between the safety officers and the operators in charge of the experiment  Disabled all safety systems  Poor quality (typical Soviet craftsmanship) - Rushed design - A lot of corners cut to meet deadline - Bonus for meeting deadline
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  The Reactor Afterthe Explosion After the explosion, most of the plant is still standing. Some might think from this picture that the disaster wasn’t all that bad, but what makes the Chernobyl disaster the worst in history is the sheer volume of radioactive materials that where spewed across the European continent.
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  Immediate Impact ofthe Chernobyl Accident • The accident caused the largest uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment ever recorded for any civilian operation, and large quantities of radioactive substances were released into the air for about 10 days. • This caused serious social and economic disruption for large populations in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. • Two radionuclides, the short- lived iodine- 131 and the long- lived caesium -137, were particularly significant for the radiation does they delivered to members of the public. • Most of the released material was deposited close by as dust and debris, but the lighter material was carried by wind over Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and to some extent over Scandinavia and Europe.
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  ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTHEFFECTS OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT  Several organisations have reported on the impacts of the Chernobyl accident, but all have problems assessing the significance of their observations because of the lack of reliable public health information before 1986.  About 4000 cases of thyroid cancer had been diagnosed in exposed children.  UNSCEAR 2000 – “apart from this [thyroid cancer] increase, there is no evidence of a major public health impact attributable to radiation exposure 14 years after the accident”.  No scientific evidence of increases in overall cancer incidence or mortality or in non- malignant disorders that could be related to radiation exposure.  Psycho- social effects among those affected by the accident are similar to those arising from other major disasters such as earthquakes, floods and fires.
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  Economic Cost  Thescale of the burden is clear from the wide range of costs incurred, both direct and indirect: -- Direct damage caused by the accident; -- Expenditures related to: 1. Actions to seal off the reactor and mitigate the consequences in the exclusion zone; 2. Resettlement of people and construction of new housing and infrastructure to accommodate them; 3. Social protection and health care provided to the affected population; 4. Research on environment, health and production of clean food; 5. Radiation monitoring of the environment; and 6. Radioecological improvement of settlements and disposal of radioactive waste.  Indirect losses relating to the opportunity cost of removing agricultural land and forests from use and the closure of agricultural and industrial facilities; and  Opportunity costs, including the additional costs of energy resulting from the loss of power from the Chernobyl and the cancellation of Belarus’s nuclear power programme.
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  Lessons learned fromChernobyl  The accident has shown the importance of strict compliance with the basic and technical safety principles for nuclear power plants, of continuous safety analysis of operating nuclear power plants and of their early upgrading in order to eliminate deviations, of active study and the introduction of leading world experience, and of taking thorough account of the human factor.  The accident has demonstrated the need to establish and support a high- level national emergency response system in case of man- made accidents.  The cost of ensuring the safety of nuclear facilities is significantly lower than that of dealing with accident consequences. Large- scale man- made accidents cause great social and economic damage to countries located in their area of influence. Hundreds of billions of US dollars’ worth of direct and indirect damages have been reported by Belarus, Russia and Ukraine as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident over the past 20 years.
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  THE 1986 CHERNOBYLACCIDENT
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  REFERENCES  www.world-nuclear.org  www.greenfacts.org www.nrc.gov  news.bbc.co.uk  www.Britannica.com  Chernobyl.info/en-US  www.livescience.com  www.theguardian.com/envirnment  www.un.org  www.youtube.com
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  ANY QUESTIONS ?
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  THANK YOU