Child Development (Infancy to Childhood)

OFrom the Latin word “infans”-
without speech
Ofrom birth to age two, as a time of
beginnings.
OInfancy is when personality,
social attachments, thinking, and
language first take shape.

ORefers to the time or state of
being a child, the early stage in
the existence or development of
something.
OConnotes a time of innocence,
where one is free from
responsibility but vulnerable to
forces in his environment.

OEarly Childhood
(3-5 Years)
OMiddle and Late Childhood
(6-12 Years)

refers to
the biological, psychological and
emotional changes that occur in
human beings between birth and
the end of adolescence, as the
individual progresses from
dependency to
increasing autonomy.

OHeredity
OFamily members, peer groups,
the school environment, and the
community influence
OBiological factors
OEconomic and political
institutions
OCritical life events

OFrom head to toe.
OFrom inner to outer .
OFrom simple to complex .
OFrom general to specific .

OPhysical Development
OSocial Development and
Emotional Development
OIntellectual Development
OLanguage Development

Children’s physical development can
be supported by:
 Providing space and some
equipment for the development of
movement skills and motor skills and
adequate supervision

Children’s social development can be
supported by:
Giving praise for achievement
Giving them the chance to meet
and spend time with other children
and adults
Providing activities that involve
sharing and taking turns

Emotional development can be
supported:
By being warm and affectionate
towards them
Giving them the opportunity to
express how they feel
Making them feel secure and
valued
Giving children time and attention
to adjust to new situations

Children’s intellectual development
can be supported by:
Talking about what the child sees,
hears, smells, touches and tastes
Looking at and touching animals
and plants
 Providing creative art/craft
activities
Providing make believe play by
having dressing up clothes, a
playhouse of pretend shop

Language development can
be supported by:
Discussing books, pictures,
objects or sounds
Asking children to recall
something from the past
Asking children to give information
about themselves

By 6 months a child will:
O Turn their head toward sounds
and movement
O Watch an adult's face when
feeding
O Smile at familiar faces and
voices
Physical Development

O Reach up to hold feet when
lying on their backs
O Look and reach for objects
O Hold and shake a rattle
O Put everything in their
mouths

Between 6 months and 1 year:
O Move from sitting with
support to sitting alone
O Roll over from their tummy to
their back
O Begin to creep, crawl or
shuffle on their bottom
O Pull on or push against adult
hands or furniture to reach a
standing position

 Raises arms to be lifted
Turn and look up when they
hear their name
Pat and poke objects when
playing
Pass objects from hand to
hand
Look for things that have been
hidden or dropped
Reaches hand towards source
of food

Between one and two years:
O Begin to walk
O Sits alone indefinitely
O Feed themselves
O Push and pull toys while
walking
O Wave goodbye
O Point or make noises to
indicate wants
O Enjoy a picture book

O Shake head for 'No'
OBangs objects together
OCrawl upstairs
O Stoops to pick things up
from the floor
O Begins to show preference
for one hand
O Holds crayon in palm and
makes marks on paper

Between two and three
years:
O Kneels to play
O Throws
O Kicks ball
O Builds larger brick tower
O Pour liquids
O Uses pencil to make marks
and circular scribbles

0 to 3 months:
O Responds to adults especially
mothers face and voice
O Smiles, concentrates on adults
face during feeding
O Very dependant on adults for
reassurance and comfort,
quietness when held and cuddled
Social and emotional
development

Between 6 and 9 months:
O Enjoys company of others and
games like peek-a-boo
O Shows affection to known
carer, but shy with strangers

Between one year and two
years:
O Likes to please adults and to
perform for an audience
O May become anxious or
distressed if separated from known
adults
O May use comfort object
O Mostly cooperative and can be
distracted from unwanted behavior
O Plays alongside other children

years:
O Developing sense of own
identity, wanting to do things for
self
O Demanding of adult attention,
jealous of attention given to others,
reluctant to share playthings or
adults attention

O Acts impulsively, requiring
needs to be met instantly, prone
to bursts of emotion tantrums
O Enjoys playing with adult or
older child who will give
attention, beginning to play with
others of own age for short
periods .

Between 0 and 3 years:
O Beginning to realize others are
separate beings from themselves
O Imitates others and tries out
ways of behaving in play
O Becoming more confident but
still needs adult reassurance
Intellectual Development

O Makes a variety of “happy”
sounds
O Will respond to a variety music
and other sounds
O Babies watch their carers face
especially the mouth and try to
copy its movements
Language Development

O Babbling sounds begin
O Baby will make four or five
different sounds and will turn
its head towards the source of
sounds
O Will show feelings by
squealing with pleasure or
crying
O Laugh and chuckle to show
enjoyment

OBetween one and two
years:
O Move from using single words to
putting them together as a phrase
O A child will understand key
words in the sentences used
O In the second year children start
to understand the use of
conversation and begin to copy
carers

O Children’s understanding
outstrips their ability to express
themselves
O By two they could be using
anything from 30 to 150 words

years:
O Put words together into a
sentence
O Begin to ask questions what?
Why? etc
O Can join in well know songs or
verses and put actions to words
O They could be using several
hundred words by their 3rd
birthday
O Can scribble and make marks

Three years:
O Jumps with feet together
O Walks on tip toes
O Walks up and down stairs
Normal physical development:
3-7 years

O Catches a gently thrown
ball
O Climbs with increasing
confidence
O Paints
O Threads beads on a lace
O Gains control over eating
tools

Four years:
O Pedals
O Throws with aim
O Uses scissors
O Holds a pencil and can
draw people/houses

Five years:
O Hops
O Kicks with aim
O Catches ball
O Handles pencil with control
O Copy shapes and write
some letters
O Sews stitches

Six to seven:
O Skips
O Rides bicycle
O Jumps from height
O Climbs confidently
O Writes
O Threads needle
O Can do buttons, shoe laces

Three to four years:
O Becoming more
independent and self
motivated
O Feels more secure and able
to cope with unfamiliar
surroundings and adults for
periods of time
Social and Emotional
Development

O Becoming more cooperative
with adults and likes to help
O Sociable and friendly with
others, plays with children and
more able to share
O Beginning to consider the
needs of others and to show
concern for others

Four to seven years:
O Makes friends but may need
help in resolving disputes
O Enjoys helping others and
taking responsibility
O Learns lots about the world and
how it works, and about people
and relationships

O Makes friends (often short-
term) and plays group games
O Needs structure and a
routine to feel safe
O When behavior is ‘over the
top’, they need limits to be set

Three to four-years:
O Understand two or three
simple things to do at once
O Sort objects by size, and type
Intellectual Development

Five to seven years:
O Begin to understand about
sameness and difference in
various aspects of life
O They can begin to see
different perspectives on the
same subject

Three to four years:
O Start to use pitch and tone
O Vocabulary extends towards
1000-1500 words
O Marks made with crayons
become more controlled
Language Development

Four to five years:
O Grammar is becoming more
accurate
O Children’s questions become
more complex
O More able to use language to
communicate their own ideas

O Understand that books are a
source of pleasure and use
pictures to help them follow the
story
O May begin to recognize their
own name and a few frequently
seen written words
O They can hold a pencil steadily
and copy shapes and form some
lettering

Five to seven years:
O Fluent speaker able to make
up stories
O Can handle books well
O Recognize an increasing
number of letters linking them to
sounds

OPlay and imagination are still
important developmental tools
OA child may enter puberty early
OGirls may experience growth spurt
O Enjoy playing team games by age
eight
OMay misjudge their ability before
age nine
Physical Development:
7-12 Years old

O Becoming less dependent on
close adults for support – able to
cope with wider environment
O Enjoys being in groups of other
children of similar age, strongly
influenced by peer group
O Becoming more aware of own
gender
Social and emotional
development

O Want to fit in with peer group
rules
O Start to form closer friendships at
about eight years old
O like to play with same-sex friends
O Need adult help to sort out
arguments and disagreements in
play
O Can be arrogant and bossy or
shy and uncertain

O Will read to themselves
O Will take a lively interest in
certain subjects by nine
Intellectual development

O Vocabulary will grow if adults
introduce new words and new ways
of using language
O Speak fluently and describe
complicated happenings
O Read out loud
O Know the different tenses and
grammar
Language development

Oearly childhood (ages two to six)
is when language revolutionizes
children’s thinking,
remembering, and
understanding of emotions, self,
and the social world.

ODuring middle childhood, from
about ages 6 to 12, children
acquire heightened capacities for
judgment, reasoning, social
understanding, emotion
management, and self-awareness
OAt the same time, the social world
of middle childhood broadens
beyond the family to include the
school, neighborhood, peer group,
and other influences.

IDENTIFICATION:
1. _____ is the stage when personality,
social attachments, thinking and
language first take shape.
2. _____refers to the time or state of being
a child, the early stage in the existence
or development of something.
3. _____refers to the biological,
psychological and emotional changes
that occur in human beings between
birth and in the end of adolescence.

Identify the Areas of Development:
4.Providing material and equipment
for the improvement of fine motor
skills.
5.Providing activities that involve
sharing and taking turns.
6. Asking children to give information
about themselves.

Identify what age range:
7. Babbling sounds begin
8. Roll over from their tummy to their
back.
9. Smiles concentrates on adults face
during feeding.
10. Begins to ask questions what, why,
etc.

Child Development (Infancy to Childhood)

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