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China’s recent history
The document summarizes major events in China's recent history from the 19th century Opium Wars to imperialism and conflicts with Western and Japanese forces. It then covers the establishment of the Chinese republic, rise of the Communist party, the Long March, World War 2, and the Communist revolution in 1949. It discusses the socialist period under Mao with a focus on agriculture, education, and healthcare reforms. It concludes with Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms from 1978 onward, the opening of China, and its recent leadership under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping.
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China’s recent history
- 1. China’s Recent History June 3,2014 Orientation for BCFL/VDLC Delegation
- 2. Imperialism in the19th Century
- 3. 1840 British Empire:First Opium War • Britain wanted Chinese tea, porcelain and silk but China only wanted silver • So Britain exported Indian opium to China • Emperor made it illegal but many were addicted
- 4. 1840 British Empire:First Opium War • Result: Hong Kong ceded, opium import legalized
- 5. 1860 British Empire: SecondOpium War • Old Summer Palace destroyed (modelled on Palace of Versailles)
- 6. 1894-5 Japan Invaded China Chinaforced to cede Taiwan to Japan
- 7.
- 8. Eight Nation Alliance InvadedChina • Eight powers invaded: British, Japanese, Russian, Italian, German, French, US, and Austrian troops, the alliance defeated the Boxers and demanded further concessions from the Qing government such as treaty ports
- 9. End of Qing Empire •First Chinese Republic in 1911 with Sun Yat-Sen as President • Followed by warlordism for a few years
- 10.
- 11. May 4th Movement •Initiated by students inspired by Russian Revolution of 1917, patriots, nationalists, socialists, democrats and republicans • Opposed imperialism and feudalism • Became nationwide protest against imperialism • China never signed the treaty
- 12. May 4th Movement Onthe morning of May 4, 1919, student representatives from thirteen different local universities met in Beijing and drafted five resolutions: • to oppose the granting of Shandong to the Japanese under former German concessions. • to draw awareness of China's precarious position to the masses in China. • to recommend a large-scale gathering in Beijing. • to promote the creation of a Beijing student union. • to hold a demonstration that afternoon in protest to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
- 13. Who is thisfellow? • Student active in May 4th Movement in Tianjin
- 14.
- 15. Deng Yingchao was a team leaderin May 4th Movement
- 16. From May 4thMovement on, Marxism Spread
- 17. •In 1921 •Two yearslater, what happened?
- 18.
- 19.
- 20. 1925 Sun Yat-sendied, succeeded by Chiang Kai-shek as head of Nationalist Party (Guomindang)
- 21.
- 22. Shanghai Massacre, 1927 •Nationalists massacred Communists, unionists and workers and students
- 23. 1931, Japan Invaded Manchuria (China’sNortheast)
- 24. Hitler assisted Chiang Kai- shek as fellowanti- Communist • Nazis assisted Guomindang in training Chinese troops and Germany got Chinese natural resources • Germany later supported Japan because Hitler felt it was a stronger ally than China
- 25. Red Army, Long March,1934-5
- 26. 9,000 km., 370days
- 27. Established red basein Yan’an • Mao Zedong • 1935
- 28. War of Liberationagainst Japanese • 1937 United Front against Japanese • 1937 Nanjing Massacre by Japanese
- 29. Yan’an (1944) Centre ofChinese revolution, 1936 to 1948
- 30. Who Wrote “Red StarOver China”? (1937)
- 31.
- 32. Anti-Japanese War of Resistance •Guomindang spent much more energy fighting Communist army than fighting the Japanese
- 33. Japanese occupation lasted tillend of WWII
- 34.
- 35.
- 36. 1949 what isthis event?
- 37.
- 38. Agriculture and land redistribution •Feudalism ended • Land redistributed, communes set up by 1958 • Rural people still hold claim to land today through their rural household registration
- 39. Rule of lawends gangsters • Prior to 1949 there was a vast criminal underworld of gangsters and secret societies intermingling with high society like this photo of Shanghai nightlife in 1930s • And there were almost 90 million opium addicts
- 40. Literacy skyrocketed in onegeneration • 15% in 1949 to 80-90% by mid-1970s
- 41. Life expectancy • Morethan doubled between 1949 and 1975, from 32 to 65 years • Infant mortality in 1970 in Shanghai was less than in New York City • Barefoot doctors in countryside brought health care throughout country • Poverty significantly reduced
- 42. Industry and central planning •Economy grew by 10 percent per year • Egalitarian wage structure • Guaranteed employment
- 43. Urban danwei (workunit) system • Lifetime employment guarantee • Housing provided and subsidized • Food and fuel subsidized • Medical care system provided • Public school education free • No firings or negative discipline • Positive examples such as model workers
- 44. 1966 Cultural Revolution Began •Concern by Chairman Mao and others that socialist principles were being eroded by corruption and capitalist roaders
- 45. Type of greetingwe received in 1974 (without Little Red Books)
- 46. We visited Dazhaiin 1974
- 47. 1976: Terrible Year •January: Premier Zhou died • April: flowers in Tiananmen Square • July: earthquake in Tangshan: 250,000 died • September: Chairman Mao died • October: Gang of Four arrested
- 48. 1978 Deng Xiaoping came to power •New China started down the capitalist road
- 49. One of Deng’s firstinvited guests: Milton Friedman, Chicago School of Economics
- 50. 1980, rural communes wereabolished • Rural communes abolished • End of collective work in countryside
- 51. 1980, Special EconomicZones established for industry to try out capitalist methods of production. This is Shenzhen in 1980.
- 52.
- 53. Privatization of industry and lay-offs ofmillions of workers in State-Owned Enterprises
- 54. Inflation of thelate 1980s lead to protest about corruption and accountability • 1989 • Tiananmen Square • Far more workers were killed than students • They defended the streets leading to the Square by barricading them
- 55.
- 56. Privatization of industry andlay-offs of workers in State-Owned Enterprises intensified and workers fought back with demonstrations, blockades
- 57. China joined WTOin 2001 What event preceded it two months before?
- 58. 1993 to 2003, JiangZemin, President Zhu Rongji, Premier
- 59. 2003 to 2013, HuJintao, President Wen Jiabao, Premier
- 60. 2013 to 2023? Xi Jinping, President
- 61. 2013 to 2023? LiKeqiang, Premier
- 62. Workers and citizens risingup. Fate of government and Communist Party?