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Chinese Revolution & Mao
- 1. Revolution in Chinaand Communist China (How does this compare with the Russian Revolution and Stalin’s Soviet Union) This presentation relies heavily on a power point created by Dan McDowell. Teaching Point, ©2003
- 2. Revolution in ChinaWhere are the sources? History is interpretation!
- 3. Background The QingDynasty maintained limited power despite forced concessions to western nations and Japan at the beginning of the 20 th century. Rural & urban workers, nationalists, communists, and intellectuals challenged the government. The dynasty fell in 1911 and a weak provisional government took its place.
- 4. Background Between 1925– 1937 the NATIONALISTS led by Chiang Kai-shek and the COMMUNISTS led by Mao Zedong fought for control of China with regional warlords.
- 5. Nationalists vs CommunistsChiang used brutal tactics against his rivals and violently attacked communists leaders and worker groups. Organized crime and Western powers supported Chiang.
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- 7. Chiang Kai-shek Encouragedcontinued western investment in China and worked closely with foreign investors. He failed to consolidate power, improve the economy (especially the peasants), or modernize China
- 8. The Long MarchIn 1934 Chiang Kai-shek attacked the communist strong-hold in Hunan province.
- 9. The Long March100,000 men retreated 6000 miles over 370 days to a new communist base in Northern China. 30,000 soldiers remained
- 10. Mao Zedong becamethe leader of the communists. Mao was more concerned with the plight of the Chinese peasant than Chinese urban workers.
- 11. Mao Zedong Ledthe army in developing guerilla warfare tactics to fight the Nationalists and then Japanese
- 12. Civil War /Japanese Invasion 1937 – Japan invaded China proper Communists and Nationalists fought the Japanese “separately together”. Communists were more effective in their guerilla war against the Japanese than the Nationalist army.
- 13. Civil War &Cold War After WWII ended, civil war continued. The US began sending military and tactical help to Chiang Kai-shek and the USSR provided minimal help to Mao Zedong
- 14. Communist Victory 1949 Chiang Kai-shek & the Nationalists were driven out of mainland China to Taiwan, the Communists founded the People’s Republic of China .
- 15. Power Base ofMao The Red Army was built. PEASANT support grew with redistribution of land by the government. OTHERS supported the government because of propaganda and education.
- 16. Mao consolidated powerMany who were nationalists, upper class, or dissidents were imprisoned in forced labor camps or killed.
- 17. Economic Development Foreigneconomic influence was eliminated – most foreigners were kicked out of China A Soviet style five year plan was implemented to encourage collectivization of agriculture and rapid industrialization. (These efforts had limited success.)
- 18. Women’s Status Improved “Women hold up half the sky.” Foot-binding ended and arranged marriages were limited Women could hold professions, join the army, and serve in the government. “ Legal equality” with men.
- 19. Women’s Status Improved?Women were working outside of the home AND still responsible for the home and childcare. Traditional emphasis on men as “superior” continued.
- 20. The Hundred FlowersPolicy 1957 Goverment loosened control of people People were allowed to question government policies Significant rise in anti-government rhetoric caused Mao to end the policy and arrest top critics
- 21. Great Leap Forward1958 - Mao attempted to reinvent Chinese economy Wished to industrialize outside the western model as quickly as possible Eliminated private enterprise Forced people out of the cities and into communes “ Backyard steel mills” – small industrial centers scattered throughout China
- 22. Great Leap Forward= Great Leap Backward
- 23. Great Leap ForwardThe plan failed miserably – famine caused 20 + million to die, steel production dropped drastically, the program ended early, and Mao’s power was reduced
- 24. Cultural Revolution 1960sMao wished to regain power he lost in the Great Leap Forward and create another revolutionary movement. Created The Red Guard from the Chinese youth – students, peasants, & soldiers
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- 27. Cultural Revolution RedGuard attacked people in positions of power or privilege who publicly disagreed with Mao. Any “suspects” were imprisoned or forced into labor in rural areas.
- 28. Cultural Revolution Traditionalculture and education were destroyed. Cult of personality formed around Mao Eventually military leaders supported ending cultural revolution in fear that it would get out of control.
- 29. China after MaoNew communist leadership allowed some private business and farm ownership and created a stock exchange. Manufacturing increased drastically as trade boomed.
- 30. China after MaoOverall, redistribution of wealth, education, healthcare, and living standards improved to higher levels.
- 31. China after MaoGovernment control and lack of individual freedom along with a variety of economic and social problems still make China one of the least “free” places on the planet. Working conditions remain terrible.
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- 33. China after MaoTiananmen Square protests of 1989 --student and labor protesters were killed by government forces
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