Riza Oyco, profile picture
Uploaded byRiza Oyco
PPTX, PDF758 views

Christology123

The document discusses Jesus' identity by examining his various names and titles used in the gospels, including how the different evangelists portray Jesus through their narratives. It analyzes names for Jesus like Christ, Son of God, Son of Man, and titles such as Rabbi, Lord, Prophet, and King of the Jews. The document explores how these names and titles emphasize both Jesus' humanity and divinity.

Downloaded 30 times
1 / 141
2 / 141
3 / 141
4 / 141
5 / 141
6 / 141
7 / 141
8 / 141
9 / 141
10 / 141
11 / 141
12 / 141
13 / 141
14 / 141
15 / 141
16 / 141
17 / 141
18 / 141
19 / 141
20 / 141
21 / 141
22 / 141
23 / 141
24 / 141
25 / 141
26 / 141
27 / 141
28 / 141
29 / 141
30 / 141
31 / 141
32 / 141
33 / 141
34 / 141
35 / 141
36 / 141
37 / 141
38 / 141
39 / 141
40 / 141
41 / 141
42 / 141
43 / 141
44 / 141
45 / 141
46 / 141
47 / 141
48 / 141
49 / 141
50 / 141
51 / 141
52 / 141
53 / 141
54 / 141
55 / 141
56 / 141
57 / 141
58 / 141
59 / 141
60 / 141
61 / 141
62 / 141
63 / 141
64 / 141
65 / 141
66 / 141
67 / 141
68 / 141
69 / 141
70 / 141
71 / 141
72 / 141
73 / 141
74 / 141
75 / 141
76 / 141
77 / 141
78 / 141
79 / 141
80 / 141
81 / 141
82 / 141
83 / 141
84 / 141
85 / 141
86 / 141
87 / 141
88 / 141
89 / 141
90 / 141
91 / 141
92 / 141
93 / 141
94 / 141
95 / 141
96 / 141
97 / 141
98 / 141
99 / 141
100 / 141
101 / 141
102 / 141
103 / 141
104 / 141
105 / 141
106 / 141
107 / 141
108 / 141
109 / 141
110 / 141
111 / 141
112 / 141
113 / 141
114 / 141
115 / 141
116 / 141
117 / 141
118 / 141
119 / 141
120 / 141
121 / 141
122 / 141
123 / 141
124 / 141
125 / 141
126 / 141
127 / 141
128 / 141
129 / 141
130 / 141
131 / 141
132 / 141
133 / 141
134 / 141
135 / 141
136 / 141
137 / 141
138 / 141
139 / 141
140 / 141
141 / 141
“WHO DO YOU SAY THAT I AM”? Images we have of Jesus: Do they “still” matter?
WHO IS JESUS?  Jesus = First/Only Name (see Mark 1:9)  Hebrew: Yeshua (= "Joshua")  Greek: ( )  Latin: Iesus  English: Jesus (cf. Joshua)  Note: "Christ" is a title, not his last name!  Meaning: “God saves”  Cf. Matt 1:21-25; Luke 1:31; 2:21  Emmanuel = “God is with us”
CHRISTOLOGICAL TITLES (ESP. IN MARK)  Messiah / Christ  Son of God  Son of Man  Rabbi / Teacher  Lord / LORD  Prophet  King of the Jews / King of Israel  Lamb of God / Good Shepherd / etc.  See Catholic- Resources.org/Bible/Christological_Titles.htm
MESSIAH / CHRIST Heb. “Mashiah” = Gk. “Christos” = “Anointed”
SON OF GOD Divine Title? My Beloved Son The Holy One of God Son of the Blessed One
SON OF MAN “Bar Nasha” = Human One or Heavenly Judge?
RABBI / TEACHER Common Title in Mark; Portrayal in Matthew
LORD / LORD Kyrios = Lord/Sir/Master LORD = YHWH = “I Am”
PROPHET Gk. pro-phemi = “to speak on behalf of (God)”
KING OF THE JEWS I N R I = Iesus Nazarenos Rex Iudeorum
LAMB OF GOD / GOOD SHEPHERD
NARRAIVE CHRISTOLOGY  How is Jesus portrayed in Gospel stories?  Beginnings  Actions  Teaching  Miracles  Interactions  Endings  What does each Evangelist emphasize?  Mark? Matthew? Luke? John?
SUMMARY: WHO IS JESUS?  Names vs. Titles vs. Actions?  Naming people: by origin / occupation / family  Identifying roles: Christological titles  Portraying character: narrative emphases  Various Christological Titles & Portraits:  Some Emphasize Humanity?  Some Emphasize Divinity?  Some in the Gospel acc. to Mark?  Others in Matthew, Luke, or John?  Some in later NT books?  Others not until post-NT writings?
Revelation 4:6-8 In front of the throne was something that resembled a sea of glass like crystal. 6 In the center and around the throne, there were four living creatures covered with eyes in front and in back.7The first creature resembled a lion, the second was like a calf, the third had a face like that of a human being, and the fourth looked like an eagle 7 in flight.8The four living creatures, each of them with six wings, 8 were covered with eyes inside and out. Day and night they do not stop exclaiming: "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God almighty, who was, and who is, and who is to come."
Ezekiel 1:10 Their faces were like this: each of the four had the face of a man, but on the right side was the face of a lion, and on the left side the face of an ox, and finally each had the face of an eagle.
MARK – LION MATTHEW – MAN LUKE – OX JOHN – EAGLE
GOSPEL – comes from an Anglo- Saxon expression na “Godspell” which means “tidings” or “good news” Greek – “Euangelion” = Good news eu + angelos = good message Hebrew – “Bisar”
The Gospels are not “bibliographies” because there are events in the life of Christ that are not written.
The Gospels are biographies with religious message and addressed to a particular community.
a. During the time of Jesus - The primary source of gospel material is Jesus himself (words and deeds of Jesus).
b. Time of the Witnesses - The time of the disciples and Early Church (thru oral tradition)
c. Time of the Early Christian Communities and the Evangelists
Why are the Gospels written? - To continue the memory about the life of Christ.
Synoptic Gospels – portraying the same theme about Jesus’ life and ministry. “synoptic – from the greek word “syn” (with or together with) at “opsis” (view).
Preliminary Episode Preaching in Galilee Jerusalem Passion, Death & Resurrection
Triple Tradition MARK – 660 Verses • 65 % of 660 verses of Mark are found in Luke • 80 % of Lukes verses are found in Matthew This means na mayroon silang literary dependence
The answer is “Markan priority. ” Mark was first to written and used by Matthew and Luke
There are sources not found in Mark. They can be found probably in the Q –Source Quelle Source
Similarities in the Synoptic Gospels a.Agreement in wording b. Agreement in order c. Agreement in parenthetical materials (Ex. – Mk.13:14-16 ; Mt. 24:15-18 ; Lk. 21:23-24)
“Two –Source Hypothesis” - There was a possibility that used two copies Matthew at Luke two copies in writing their gospels. - (Mark and Q – Source)
The Gospel of Mark was probably written after the fall of Jerusalem in the year 70 CE.
Date of Composition  65-69 AD- before the Fall of Jerusalem at pagkasira ng templo. (Mk 13: 9-13)  Taliwas sa pagkakasulat ng Ebanghelyo nina San Lukas at San Mateo .  64-70 CE- Kristiano ay itinataboy at pinahihirapan .  65-67 CE – mga dalubhasa ang nagsabi na naisulat ito bago Jewish War.
Who is Mark?
1. Probably Mark is the same with John-Mark that can be found in Acts 12:12. 2. Col.4:10 Cousin of Barnabas 3. Acts 12 & 13 – Mark was probably with Paul in his journey 4. 1 Peter 5:13 – Mark is considered a spiritual son.
There is still so much doubts regarding the authorship of Mark but it is quite certain that it was written for the gentile Christians.
Proofs: 1. The audience of this Gospel do not know the Hebrew at Aramaic language. The following are always being explained. Ex. Mk. 3:17 : “Boanerges” – “Sons of Thunder” Mk. 5:41 : “Talitha Koumi – “Little girl, rise up!” Mk. 7:34 : “Ephatha” – “Be open!” Mk. 15:22 : “Golgotha” – “... Place of Skull” Mk. 15:34 : “Eloi, eloi...” – “My God, my God...”
2. Many said that Mark was writing the suffering and persecuted Christians. (Mk. 13:9-13)
Important Themes in Mark a. –“Kingdom of God” b. Messianic Secret
Canonical ending of Mark is Mk. 16:9-20 -this is the longer ending “Shorter Ending”- Mk 16:8
Outline of the Gospel of Mark I. Introduction (1:1-13) 1. The Mystery of the Messiah (1:14 – 8:26) 2. Jesus and the People (1:14-3:6) 3. Jesus and His Own (3:7-6:6) 4. Jesus and His Disciples (6:7-8:26)  Turning Point: Confession of Peter (8:27- 30) II. The Mystery of the Son of Man (8:31-16:8) 1. The Way of the Son of Man (8:31-16:8) 2. The Judgement of Jerusalem (11:1-13:37 3. The Passion and Resurrection (14:1 -16:8)  Appendix: Apparitions of the Risen Christ (16:9-20)
Jesus as Presented by Mark
1. Jesus is portrayed as the suffering Messiah 2. Jesus as the Powerful Son of God (deeds and words)
The Gospel of Matthew was written when Jerusalem had already fallen and the Temple was destroyed in 70’s. (80-90 AD)
Matthew was probably written in Antioch of Syria and Luke in Rome
Gospel of Matthew There is no statement in the gospel that identifies its author. The author is probably a Palestinian Jew who is well acquainted with the geography of Palestine Proofs: 1. Geography is consistently accurate (Mt. 4:23-25; 21:1) 2. Familiar with Jewish customs and history ( Mt. 1:18-19; 26:2, 35;27:2) 3. Shows familiarity with the Hebrew Bible ( Mt. 1:2, 16; 1:22, 23; 2:6;2:15; 2:17-18) 4. Many Old Testament quotations There are 41 OT quotations in Matthew.
Another is knowledgable about money (Mt. 10:3) a. 2 drachma coins ( used in paying the temple tax) b. Stater ( a coin worth twice the temple tax or 4 drachmas in Mt. 17:27) c. Talent ( Mt. 18:24; 25:14- 30)
Mark 2:14 and Luke 5:27 Levi and Matthew are but one and the same person. Levi is the former name of Matthew prior to the call of Jesus.
Matthew has the theme of universality Mt. 28:19 “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations”
Matthew emphasizes the important role of Peter :Mt. 16:18 “You are Peter and on this rock, I will build my Church.”
Structure of the Gospel 1-2 - Prologue 3-4 - Narrative 5 -7 - Discourse 8-9 - Narrative 10:1-11:1 – Mission Discourse 11:2 – chap.12 – Narrative 13: 1-53 – Parable Discourse 13:54 – chap.17 – Narrative 18:1 – 19:1 - Community Discourse 24: 1 – 26:1 - Eschatological Discourse 26:2-28 - Epilogue
Ending of each part : Mt. 7:25 ; 11:1 ; 13:53 ; 19:1 ; 26:6 These five parts immitated the five books of Moses. These five parts, each begins with a narrative part followed by a discourse. In the end is same expression... “and when Jesus had finished...”
Key Theological Themes 1. Jesus is a long awaited Messiah 2. Ecclesia – the Church is the new Israel
The real vision of the Church is contained in the community discourse. (Mt. 18:1-35). It speaks about what a Christian community should be. a. Invites humility from their leaders b. Avoid scandalizing the weak c. Seek out the little ones like a good shepherd d. Fairness in handling disputes e. Marked by prayerfulness f. Marked by reconciliation
Matthew portrayed Jesus as the Teacher of Israel
Scholars dated the Gospel of Luke that had been written about 80 AD
Luke’s gospel has the most attractive and fascinating presentation of the Personality of Jesus Luke and Acts represent 28 % of the New Testament at least in quantitative point of view.
In terms of Authorship: - He is not an eyewitness because he only received information from other sources. - The author had materials or precious accounts which others have previously compiled but he also made contributions. - The author was educated based on the style of the preface. - The author shows familiarity with medical vocabularies (Lk. 4:38; 5:12) - The author is very much concerned about the Gentiles.
Structure 1: 1-4 - Preface 1:5 - 2:52 - Infancy Narrative 3:1 – 4:13 - Preparation for Ministry 4:14 – 9:50 - Galilean Ministry 9:51 – 19:27 - Movement - Galilee to Jerusalem 19:28 – 21:38 – Jerusalem 22:1 – 24:53 – Passion, Death, Resurrection and Ascension
Key Theological Themes: 1. Universalism 2. Individual people 3. Concern for the outcast 4. Author’s interest in women 5. Interest in children 6. Gospel of the Poor 7. Stress on Prayer 8. Emphasis on Holy Spirit 9. Emphasis on Joy
Luke portrayed Jesus as the Supreme Model to Follow - We must have a strong relationship to God - Obedience to God - Genuine love for others
On the first part of the Gospel of John (John 1:1-18) we can already see the difference with the Synoptic Gospels.
It has no“infancy narrative” that can be found in Mark and Matthew. It begins with the “prologue” or introduction that proclaims about the Word of God which is Jesus himself .
It gives emphasis on the Divinity of Jesus, the Word made flesh. From above , he came down. It is also called “High Christology”.
If we will compare it with the other Gospels, there are differences in terms of the narration.
Synoptic Gospels -malinaw na halos pare- pareho ang daloy ng mga pangyayari -Pagkatapos ng mga unang pahayag, si Jesus ay makikitang mangangaral sa Galilea, pagkatapos ay maglalakbay papuntang Jerusalem -Ang ministeryo ni Jesus ay nakasentro sa Galilea
-Jesus is going to and fro in Jerusalem -It is not Galilea where the center of Jesus’ “public ministry” but in Jerusalem.
John portrayed Jesus as: •Word made Flesh •Bread of Life •Good Shepherd •Light of the World
Who is the author of the Gospel of John? If we will read chapter 21:20-25, it will mention a “Beloved Disciple” o “alagad na minamahal ni Jesus”. And in the conclusion, it says that this disciple “is confirming all the things that happened at he was the one who wrote it and know that his proclamation was true.” It is seems that “beloved disciple’ is the one being mentioned by the author.
Sa chapter 19:35, ang “beloved disciple” ay nasa paanan ng krus at nasaksihan niya ang pagsaksak ng sibat sa tagiliran ni Jesus… “he saw it and has born witness...” -Saksi siya sa kaganapang nangyari sa Golgotha. -The beloved disciple is the witness and the author of the fourth gospel
Themes in the Gospel of John 1. “Father” bilang pananaw sa Diyos (Concept of God)
•Theme of Mission
Themes in the Gospel of John 2. “Son”
Themes in the Gospel of John 3. “Spirit”
Themes in the Gospel of John 4.Church
Themes in the Gospel of John 5. Discipleship Ang salitang “disciple” ay 78x na lumitaw kay John samantalang ang salitang “apostle” ay isang beses lang (13:16). Ang disipulo ay ang taong naniniwala kay Jesus, the one who believes. At ang taong naniniwala ay magbubunga ng buhay kasama ni Jesus
OPENING PRAYER
We beseech you, O Lord, to help orient all our actions, by your inspirations, carry them on by your gracious assistance, so that every prayer and work of ours may always begin from you and through you be happily ended. AMEN
UPUAN by Gloc-9 Kayo po na naka upo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko Ganito kasi yan eh...
• Verse 1: Tao po, nandyan po ba kayo sa loob ng Malaking bahay at malawak na bakuran Mataas na pader pinapaligiran At nakapilang mga mamahaling sasakyan Mga bantay na laging bulong ng bulong Wala namang kasal pero marami ang naka barong Lumakas man ang ulan ay walang butas ang bubong Mga plato't kutsara na hindi kilala ang tutong At ang kanin ay simputi ng gatas na nasa kahon At kahit na hindi pasko sa lamesa ay may hamon Ang sarap sigurong manirahan sa bahay na ganyan Sabi pa nila ay dito mo rin matatagpuan Ang tao na nagmamay-ari ng isang upuan Na pag may pagkakatao'y pinag-aagawan Kaya naman hindi niya pinakakawalan Kung makikita ko lamang siya ay aking sisigawan
Chorus: Kayo po na nakaupo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo, At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko
• Verse 2: Mawalang galang na po sa taong nakaupo, Alam niyo bang pantakal ng bigas namin ay di puno Ang ding-ding ng bahay namin ay pinagtagpi-tagping yero Sa gabi ay sobrang init na tumutunaw ng yelo Na di kayang bilhin upang ilagay sa inumin Pinakulong tubig sa lumang takuring uling-uling Gamit lang panggatong na inanod lamang sa istero Na nagsisilbing kusina sa umaga'y aming banyo Ang aking inay na may kayamanan isang kaldero Na nagagamit lang pag ang aking ama ay sumweldo Pero kulang na kulang parin, Ulam na tuyo't asin Ang singkwenta pesos sa maghapo'y pagkakasyahin Di ko alam kung talagang maraming harang, O mataas lang ang bakod O nagbubulag-bulagan lamang po kayo, Kahit sa dami ng pera niyo Walang doktor na makapagpapalinaw ng mata niyo Kaya...
• Wag kang masyadong halata Bato-bato sa langit Ang matamaa'y wag magalit O bato-bato bato sa langit Ang matamaan ay Wag masyadong halata (ooh) Wag kang masyadong halata Hehey, (Wag kang masyadong halata) (Wag kang masyadong halata)
1.What is the main theme of the song? 2.What does it tells about the Philippines, particularly its political, social and economic setting?
The song describes in detail the present situation of the poor and the less fortunate who cannot afford a decent living while the leaders of the nation are basking in a bountiful and oh, so good life. It cries for attention, for decency from the ones in power, for change, and perhaps good governance for those aspiring candidates for elections.
PALESTINE BEFORE JESUS • Jesus lived in a territory, Palestine, with a long-standing history of power struggle. • Palestine is currently part of modern day Israel.
Map of 1st Century Palestine:
MODERN DAY ISRAEL
PALESTINE BEFORE JESUS • Jesus' own people group, the Jews, were subject to enslavement and captivity of various empires. • Other than 80 years of self-rule that ended a half-century before Jesus' birth, the Jews had not ruled themselves for three-quarters of a millennium. • By the time of Jesus' birth, Roman rule had become entrenched in Palestine.
Dates Event / Stage Misc. Details (BC) 750-612 Assyrian Empire Babylonian 612-539 Empire 539-331 Persian Empire 331-143 Greek Empire Alexander the Great 331-198 BC Ptolemaic Rule: Alexander's generals divided the empire with general Ptolemy 1 taking Palestine & Egypt and general Selecus taking Syria, Babylon and a large part of Asia Minor (see map) 198-143 BC Selucid Rule: Syria's Selucid's captured Palestine (see map)
Dates Event / Stage Misc. Details (BC) Jewish Jewish revolt for independence lead 143-63 (Maccabean) by Hasmonean family, later called Rule the Maccabees (see map) Under Julius Caesar, Romans general 63 Roman Empire Pompey occupies Palestine in 63 BC (see map) Neighboring Parthian's invade 40 Palestine installing a local Jewish king, Antigonus Herod the Great Herod gets Mark Anthony & as King (under Octavian's (future Augustus Caesar) 37-4 Roman support to have Roman Senate make authority) Herod king of Jews in Palestine
Dates Event / Stage Misc. Details (BC) 37 BC: Herod recaptures Palestine by force with Roman support 20 BC: To win loyalty of the Jews, Herod begins reconstruction of the Jewish Temple 6 BC: Jesus is born and Herod tries to find and kill Jesus. Jesus' family escapes to Egypt until Herod dies 4 BC: Herod dies * Herod Pillip (4 BC-34 AD) - ruler of territories east of Galiliee Three sons of Herod * Herod Antipas (4 BC-39 AD) - ruler of 4 BC-39 divide up rule of Galilee and Perea: He beheaded Jesus' cousin AD Palestine (under (John the Baptist) and participated in Roman Authority) condemning Jesus to death * Archelaus (4 BC-6 AD) - ruler of Samaria, Judea and Idumea
A. Socio-Political and Cultural Context
POLITICAL SETTING For thousands of years, the Jewish people were primarily subject to foreign rule. In the first century, Romans ruled the Mediterranean area known as Palestine (modern day Israel. In the hierarchy of power, the Jewish self- government reported to the authority of the local Roman government (King Herod), which reported to Rome (Emperor Caesar).
Romans of 1st Century
Roman Soldiers:
ECONOMIC SETTING The economy of first century Israel was supported by three key segments: agriculture of olives, figs, grains, dates, and vineyards; trade fostered by Israel’s key location on the Mediterranean Sea; and large government building projects sponsored by King Herod.
1st century olive press for making olive oil
Map of 1st Century Palestine:
Jerusalem Temple:
Cultural Setting / Daily Life Jesus spent most of his life in and around the farming village area of Nazareth. Similar to many farming villages throughout the world, life was patterned after traditions, roles and rituals passed down from many generations beforehand.
• Population: The village area of Nazareth was populated mostly by Jews, but also with some diversity of Syrians, Greeks, and Romans. The major city of Palestine was Jerusalem, which was more cosmopolitan and contained far greater ethnic diversity. • Language: The common language in the Roman Empire was Greek. However, at the time it was common for Jews to also use Hebrew, Aramaic, and Latin. Jesus’ everyday language was Aramaic. • Village Life: The hub of a village was the marketplace and shops. And for a Jewish village, the synagogue was a central meeting place, and the seat of the local Jewish government.
• Housing: Houses were all purpose 1-2 room squares, with dirt floors, flat roofs, low and narrow doorways, and front wooden doors. Often people would sleep on flat roofs during hot nights. The houses were arranged around a central shared courtyard where neighbors performed daily chores (cooking, laundry, etc.) in each other’s company. Water was carried in from a public well and stored in a courtyard cistern. Lighting was provided by earthenware oil lamps. People slept on mats, and owned limited personal goods.
1st century House at Nazareth
• Food: The woman’s daily job included preparing food for her family – for example, they would grind grain, bake bread, milk the animals, and make cheese. Typically a family ate two meals: Breakfast – light or small amounts of food taken to work; and Dinner – A large meal with cheese, wine, vegetables and fruits, and eggs. As for meat, fish was most common, followed by chicken or fowl. Red meat (beef and lamb) was served only on special occasions, and pork and crustaceans were absolutely forbidden. Most foods were boiled or stewed in a big pot and seasoned with salt, onions, garlic, cumin, coriander, mint, dill, and mustard. Food was sweetened with wild honey or syrups from dates or grapes. Food was generally served in a common bowl and eaten by dipping in with the fingers.
• Clothing: The undergarment was called a “tunic”. The outer garment was called a “mantle” – it was loose fitting with fringes, bound by blue ribbon. Men wore a belt – a four-inch wide leather belt or cloth “girdle”. If one was wearing only an undergarment, then he was said to be “naked” or “stripped”. If one was wearing only an undergarment (tunic) and belt, they were said to be wearing a “loincloth”. The phrase “to gird your loins” meant that the tunic was pulled up between the legs and tucked into the belt. People also wore sandals on their feet, and a white cloth over their head, hanging to their shoulders. This cloth protected them from the sun.
B. Religious Context
RELIGIOUS SETTING • Jewish leaders fought for the purity of their belief in one God in the face of conflicting foreign religions. Yet at the same time, they fragmented into sects divided over variations of the Jewish law.
Causes of social unrest in the 1st century Palestine 1. The occupation of foreign military troops: Romans 2. Class conflicts: a. Jerusalem-urban priest, b. Rural-country side priest 3. Banditry- a protest or instrument against the state and its leader which uphold unjust system. 4. Religious Fanaticism- led to terrorism and the concept of a holy war
5. Revolutionary prophets and messianic pretenders- who encouraged revolution against their present condition; messianic pretended- revolutionaries. 6. Misconduct of Roman officials- the unjust ruling of the Romans 7. Strike between various revolutionary groups- individualism and lack of unity among revolutionary groups
8. Heavy taxation- it was a mandate to collect tribute from the locals for their conquerors, which was not free from corruption of the collector that made it really difficult for the local folks. – Three types of taxes: (collected by the publicanii, for the temple and priest) 9. Rivalry and hostility between Jews and Samaritans- division of what used to be a unified nation and people
Jewish Group at the Time of Jesus 1. Pharisees 2. Sadducees 3. Essences 4. Herodians 5. Zealots 6. High Priest, Chief Priest, Priest, Levites 7. Scribes 8. Elders or Presbyters 9. Disciples of John the Baptist
PHARISEES • A group of influential Jews who advocated and adhered to strict observance of the Sabbath rest, purity rituals, tithing, and food restrictions based on the Hebrew Scriptures and on later traditions. • "Pharisees" probably means "separated ones" in Hebrew, referring to their strict observance of laws and traditions (Luke 18:10-12).
SADDUCEES • Another prominent group of Jews and probably smaller "elite" group, but even more influential than the Pharisees; they followed the laws of the Hebrew Bible (the Torah), but rejected newer traditions. • "Sadducees" comes from the Hebrew tsaddiqim ("righteous ones"), which may refer to the way they wished to live their lives.
ESSENES • A smaller group or "sect" that lived a communal "monastic" lifestyle at Qumram (near the Dead Sea). • Originally a group of priests, founded and/or led by a "Teacher of Righteousness" during the early Maccabean/Hasmonean era.
HERODIANS • Probably a faction that supported the policies and government of the Herodian family, especially during the time of Herod Antipas, ruler over Galilee and Perea during the lifetimes of John the Baptist and of Jesus. • Mentioned only twice in Mark and once in Matthew, but never in Luke, John, or the rest of the NT.
ZEALOTS • A revolutionary group that opposed the Roman occupation of Israel. • "Zealots" were probably not an organized group at first, but any Jews "zealous" for God's law (Num 25:13; 1 Kings 19:10; Acts 22:3; Gal 1:14).
High Priest, Chief Priests, Priests, and Levites • Members of the tribe of Levi who were responsible for the temple and its sacrifices, and thus were the religious and social leaders of the Jewish people. • Priests and Levites in ancient Israel had to be men from the tribe of Levi; any Jews from the eleven other tribes could not be priests.
SCRIBES • Men specially trained in writing, and thus influential as interpreters and teachers of the Law, and agents of the rulers. • "Scribes" did not form their own party, but could belong to other groups (e.g. "the scribes of the Pharisees" in Mark 2:16; Acts 23:9).
ELDERS OR PRESBYTERS • The "older men" of a community who formed the ruling elite and were often members of official "councils". • The Greek word "presbyter" simply refers to older men, but was mainly used for men respected by others as leaders and role models.
DISCIPLES OF JOHN THE BAPTIST • During his lifetime and for several centuries thereafter, certain groups of people considered themselves followers of John the Baptist; some of them became Christians, but others maintained that John was earlier and more important than Jesus. • John the Baptist was recognized as a great preacher and prophet, calling the people to repentence (Mark 1; Matt 3; Luke 3; John 1)
Thank you 

More Related Content

PPTX
New Testament Survey no.5: Mark - His Gospel Account
byClive Ashby
 
PPTX
The Synoptic Gospels
byAlex Layda
 
PPT
The Gospel Of Matthew
byJon Kohler
 
PPT
Reading the Gospels Well
bymulem
 
PPTX
NEW TESTAMENT SURVEY. Session 4: MATTHEW - His Gospel
byClive Ashby
 
PPTX
The Gospels: A Portrait of Jesus Christ
byAll Nations Leadership Institute
 
PPTX
Understanding The Bible Part Six The Synoptic Gospels And The Gospel Of John
byEdward Hahnenberg
 
PDF
The Synoptic Gospels vs John
byUniversity of Oxford Research
 
New Testament Survey no.5: Mark - His Gospel Account
byClive Ashby
 
The Synoptic Gospels
byAlex Layda
 
The Gospel Of Matthew
byJon Kohler
 
Reading the Gospels Well
bymulem
 
NEW TESTAMENT SURVEY. Session 4: MATTHEW - His Gospel
byClive Ashby
 
The Gospels: A Portrait of Jesus Christ
byAll Nations Leadership Institute
 
Understanding The Bible Part Six The Synoptic Gospels And The Gospel Of John
byEdward Hahnenberg
 
The Synoptic Gospels vs John
byUniversity of Oxford Research
 

What's hot

PPTX
The four gospels
byButterflyWaltz
 
PPTX
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the Gospels
byJohn Brooks
 
PPTX
New Testament Survey - no.9: Luke - His Gospel Account
byClive Ashby
 
PPTX
The book of matthew
byLaurence Guirrey
 
PPT
The Gospels
byCardinal Newman School
 
PPT
What is the Gospel? What are the Gospels?
byJonathan Swales
 
PPTX
The Formation of the Gospels
byAlex Layda
 
PPT
Hist reliability
byjohnbuna
 
PPT
The Gospel Of Mark
byJon Kohler
 
PPTX
Matthew
byACTS238 Believer
 
PPT
Topic Ten The Gospel of Mark, Synoptic Problem (+ Exam)
bytowgi81p
 
PPTX
Session 07 New Testament Overview - Gospel of Luke
byJohn Brooks
 
PPTX
Understanding The Bible Part One The Canons Of The Bible
byEdward Hahnenberg
 
PPT
Bible Compilation, Transmission and Alteration
bySabeel Ahmed
 
PPT
EPISODE 20: A MAN CALLED MATTHEW
bybibleheroes
 
PPT
Thed 2 – module 1
byJan Crisides Corrado
 
PPT
The Bible: A True Story
byguesteca47e
 
PPT
Matthew The Man And Chapter 1 of the Gospel
byClifton Thrailkill
 
PPTX
Luke
byACTS238 Believer
 
PPT
Holy Bible
byJoy Joseph
 
The four gospels
byButterflyWaltz
 
Session 03 New Testament Overview - Introduction to the Gospels
byJohn Brooks
 
New Testament Survey - no.9: Luke - His Gospel Account
byClive Ashby
 
The book of matthew
byLaurence Guirrey
 
The Gospels
byCardinal Newman School
 
What is the Gospel? What are the Gospels?
byJonathan Swales
 
The Formation of the Gospels
byAlex Layda
 
Hist reliability
byjohnbuna
 
The Gospel Of Mark
byJon Kohler
 
Matthew
byACTS238 Believer
 
Topic Ten The Gospel of Mark, Synoptic Problem (+ Exam)
bytowgi81p
 
Session 07 New Testament Overview - Gospel of Luke
byJohn Brooks
 
Understanding The Bible Part One The Canons Of The Bible
byEdward Hahnenberg
 
Bible Compilation, Transmission and Alteration
bySabeel Ahmed
 
EPISODE 20: A MAN CALLED MATTHEW
bybibleheroes
 
Thed 2 – module 1
byJan Crisides Corrado
 
The Bible: A True Story
byguesteca47e
 
Matthew The Man And Chapter 1 of the Gospel
byClifton Thrailkill
 
Luke
byACTS238 Believer
 
Holy Bible
byJoy Joseph
 

Similar to Christology123

PPTX
Gospel of Mark
byJason Ricardo Thomas
 
PPTX
Synoptic Gospels: Jesus' Early Life
byErich Eiermann
 
PPT
NT Session 9 Writings of John
byDon Palmer
 
PPTX
Joel cocklin presentation
bywinebrenner
 
PDF
A New Testament Survey
byScott Faria
 
PPT
7.5
byAndrew Lowry
 
PPTX
The Gospels (All Nations Leadership Institute)
byAll Nations Leadership Institute
 
PPT
EPISODE 19: MARK AND THE LION
bybibleheroes
 
PPT
Re ed 2 sy 2012
byJoy Clarisse Dagala
 
PPTX
Who Is Jesus?
byCraigSanders23
 
PPT
Hist Reliability
byteologic
 
DOCX
136 Key TopicsThemes Between about 64 CE , when
byChantellPantoja184
 
DOCX
136 Key TopicsThemes Between about 64 CE , when
byAnastaciaShadelb
 
PPT
Bil102 ws1
byglennjohnson
 
PPTX
book of mark of the new testament of the bible
byGraceJebaRaniC1
 
PDF
Introduction to john gospel
bySSMC
 
PPT
New Testament
byStephen Hatch
 
PDF
The Gospel of Mark Prologue (Part I) | Mark 1:1-8 Lesson
byDanny Scotton, Jr.
 
PPT
New Testament Gospels Of Matthew And Mark
bythespero
 
PPT
Historical Jesus Primer
byCleveland Glass
 
Gospel of Mark
byJason Ricardo Thomas
 
Synoptic Gospels: Jesus' Early Life
byErich Eiermann
 
NT Session 9 Writings of John
byDon Palmer
 
Joel cocklin presentation
bywinebrenner
 
A New Testament Survey
byScott Faria
 
7.5
byAndrew Lowry
 
The Gospels (All Nations Leadership Institute)
byAll Nations Leadership Institute
 
EPISODE 19: MARK AND THE LION
bybibleheroes
 
Re ed 2 sy 2012
byJoy Clarisse Dagala
 
Who Is Jesus?
byCraigSanders23
 
Hist Reliability
byteologic
 
136 Key TopicsThemes Between about 64 CE , when
byChantellPantoja184
 
136 Key TopicsThemes Between about 64 CE , when
byAnastaciaShadelb
 
Bil102 ws1
byglennjohnson
 
book of mark of the new testament of the bible
byGraceJebaRaniC1
 
Introduction to john gospel
bySSMC
 
New Testament
byStephen Hatch
 
The Gospel of Mark Prologue (Part I) | Mark 1:1-8 Lesson
byDanny Scotton, Jr.
 
New Testament Gospels Of Matthew And Mark
bythespero
 
Historical Jesus Primer
byCleveland Glass
 

Christology123

  • 1.
    “WHO DO YOUSAY THAT I AM”? Images we have of Jesus: Do they “still” matter?
  • 2.
    WHO IS JESUS?  Jesus = First/Only Name (see Mark 1:9)  Hebrew: Yeshua (= "Joshua")  Greek: ( )  Latin: Iesus  English: Jesus (cf. Joshua)  Note: "Christ" is a title, not his last name!  Meaning: “God saves”  Cf. Matt 1:21-25; Luke 1:31; 2:21  Emmanuel = “God is with us”
  • 3.
    CHRISTOLOGICAL TITLES (ESP.IN MARK)  Messiah / Christ  Son of God  Son of Man  Rabbi / Teacher  Lord / LORD  Prophet  King of the Jews / King of Israel  Lamb of God / Good Shepherd / etc.  See Catholic- Resources.org/Bible/Christological_Titles.htm
  • 4.
    MESSIAH / CHRIST Heb.“Mashiah” = Gk. “Christos” = “Anointed”
  • 5.
    SON OF GOD DivineTitle? My Beloved Son The Holy One of God Son of the Blessed One
  • 6.
    SON OF MAN “Bar Nasha” = Human One or Heavenly Judge?
  • 7.
    RABBI / TEACHER CommonTitle in Mark; Portrayal in Matthew
  • 8.
    LORD / LORD Kyrios= Lord/Sir/Master LORD = YHWH = “I Am”
  • 9.
    PROPHET Gk. pro-phemi =“to speak on behalf of (God)”
  • 10.
    KING OF THEJEWS I N R I = Iesus Nazarenos Rex Iudeorum
  • 11.
    LAMB OF GOD/ GOOD SHEPHERD
  • 12.
    NARRAIVE CHRISTOLOGY  How is Jesus portrayed in Gospel stories?  Beginnings  Actions  Teaching  Miracles  Interactions  Endings  What does each Evangelist emphasize?  Mark? Matthew? Luke? John?
  • 13.
    SUMMARY: WHO ISJESUS?  Names vs. Titles vs. Actions?  Naming people: by origin / occupation / family  Identifying roles: Christological titles  Portraying character: narrative emphases  Various Christological Titles & Portraits:  Some Emphasize Humanity?  Some Emphasize Divinity?  Some in the Gospel acc. to Mark?  Others in Matthew, Luke, or John?  Some in later NT books?  Others not until post-NT writings?
  • 17.
    Revelation 4:6-8 In frontof the throne was something that resembled a sea of glass like crystal. 6 In the center and around the throne, there were four living creatures covered with eyes in front and in back.7The first creature resembled a lion, the second was like a calf, the third had a face like that of a human being, and the fourth looked like an eagle 7 in flight.8The four living creatures, each of them with six wings, 8 were covered with eyes inside and out. Day and night they do not stop exclaiming: "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God almighty, who was, and who is, and who is to come."
  • 19.
    Ezekiel 1:10 Their faceswere like this: each of the four had the face of a man, but on the right side was the face of a lion, and on the left side the face of an ox, and finally each had the face of an eagle.
  • 21.
    MARK – LION MATTHEW– MAN LUKE – OX JOHN – EAGLE
  • 23.
    GOSPEL – comesfrom an Anglo- Saxon expression na “Godspell” which means “tidings” or “good news” Greek – “Euangelion” = Good news eu + angelos = good message Hebrew – “Bisar”
  • 24.
    The Gospels arenot “bibliographies” because there are events in the life of Christ that are not written.
  • 25.
    The Gospels are biographies with religious message and addressed to a particular community.
  • 27.
    a. During thetime of Jesus - The primary source of gospel material is Jesus himself (words and deeds of Jesus).
  • 28.
    b. Time ofthe Witnesses - The time of the disciples and Early Church (thru oral tradition)
  • 29.
    c. Time ofthe Early Christian Communities and the Evangelists
  • 30.
    Why are the Gospelswritten? - To continue the memory about the life of Christ.
  • 31.
    Synoptic Gospels –portraying the same theme about Jesus’ life and ministry. “synoptic – from the greek word “syn” (with or together with) at “opsis” (view).
  • 32.
    Preliminary Episode Preaching inGalilee Jerusalem Passion, Death & Resurrection
  • 33.
    Triple Tradition MARK – 660 Verses • 65 % of 660 verses of Mark are found in Luke • 80 % of Lukes verses are found in Matthew This means na mayroon silang literary dependence
  • 35.
    The answer is “Markanpriority. ” Mark was first to written and used by Matthew and Luke
  • 36.
    There are sources not found in Mark. They can be found probably in the Q –Source Quelle Source
  • 37.
    Similarities in the Synoptic Gospels a.Agreement in wording b. Agreement in order c. Agreement in parenthetical materials (Ex. – Mk.13:14-16 ; Mt. 24:15-18 ; Lk. 21:23-24)
  • 38.
    “Two –Source Hypothesis” - There was a possibility that used two copies Matthew at Luke two copies in writing their gospels. - (Mark and Q – Source)
  • 40.
    The Gospel of Mark was probably written after the fall of Jerusalem in the year 70 CE.
  • 41.
    Date of Composition 65-69 AD- before the Fall of Jerusalem at pagkasira ng templo. (Mk 13: 9-13)  Taliwas sa pagkakasulat ng Ebanghelyo nina San Lukas at San Mateo .  64-70 CE- Kristiano ay itinataboy at pinahihirapan .  65-67 CE – mga dalubhasa ang nagsabi na naisulat ito bago Jewish War.
  • 42.
  • 43.
    1. Probably Markis the same with John-Mark that can be found in Acts 12:12. 2. Col.4:10 Cousin of Barnabas 3. Acts 12 & 13 – Mark was probably with Paul in his journey 4. 1 Peter 5:13 – Mark is considered a spiritual son.
  • 44.
    There is stillso much doubts regarding the authorship of Mark but it is quite certain that it was written for the gentile Christians.
  • 45.
    Proofs: 1. The audienceof this Gospel do not know the Hebrew at Aramaic language. The following are always being explained. Ex. Mk. 3:17 : “Boanerges” – “Sons of Thunder” Mk. 5:41 : “Talitha Koumi – “Little girl, rise up!” Mk. 7:34 : “Ephatha” – “Be open!” Mk. 15:22 : “Golgotha” – “... Place of Skull” Mk. 15:34 : “Eloi, eloi...” – “My God, my God...”
  • 46.
    2. Many saidthat Mark was writing the suffering and persecuted Christians. (Mk. 13:9-13)
  • 47.
    Important Themes in Mark a. –“Kingdom of God” b. Messianic Secret
  • 48.
    Canonical ending of Mark is Mk. 16:9-20 -this is the longer ending “Shorter Ending”- Mk 16:8
  • 49.
    Outline of theGospel of Mark I. Introduction (1:1-13) 1. The Mystery of the Messiah (1:14 – 8:26) 2. Jesus and the People (1:14-3:6) 3. Jesus and His Own (3:7-6:6) 4. Jesus and His Disciples (6:7-8:26)  Turning Point: Confession of Peter (8:27- 30) II. The Mystery of the Son of Man (8:31-16:8) 1. The Way of the Son of Man (8:31-16:8) 2. The Judgement of Jerusalem (11:1-13:37 3. The Passion and Resurrection (14:1 -16:8)  Appendix: Apparitions of the Risen Christ (16:9-20)
  • 50.
  • 51.
    1. Jesus is portrayed as the suffering Messiah 2. Jesus as the Powerful Son of God (deeds and words)
  • 53.
    The Gospel of Matthew was written when Jerusalem had already fallen and the Temple was destroyed in 70’s. (80-90 AD)
  • 54.
    Matthew was probably written in Antioch of Syria and Luke in Rome
  • 55.
    Gospel of Matthew There is no statement in the gospel that identifies its author. The author is probably a Palestinian Jew who is well acquainted with the geography of Palestine Proofs: 1. Geography is consistently accurate (Mt. 4:23-25; 21:1) 2. Familiar with Jewish customs and history ( Mt. 1:18-19; 26:2, 35;27:2) 3. Shows familiarity with the Hebrew Bible ( Mt. 1:2, 16; 1:22, 23; 2:6;2:15; 2:17-18) 4. Many Old Testament quotations There are 41 OT quotations in Matthew.
  • 56.
    Another is knowledgable about money (Mt. 10:3) a. 2 drachma coins ( used in paying the temple tax) b. Stater ( a coin worth twice the temple tax or 4 drachmas in Mt. 17:27) c. Talent ( Mt. 18:24; 25:14- 30)
  • 57.
    Mark 2:14 andLuke 5:27 Levi and Matthew are but one and the same person. Levi is the former name of Matthew prior to the call of Jesus.
  • 58.
    Matthew has the theme of universality Mt. 28:19 “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations”
  • 59.
    Matthew emphasizes theimportant role of Peter :Mt. 16:18 “You are Peter and on this rock, I will build my Church.”
  • 60.
    Structure of theGospel 1-2 - Prologue 3-4 - Narrative 5 -7 - Discourse 8-9 - Narrative 10:1-11:1 – Mission Discourse 11:2 – chap.12 – Narrative 13: 1-53 – Parable Discourse 13:54 – chap.17 – Narrative 18:1 – 19:1 - Community Discourse 24: 1 – 26:1 - Eschatological Discourse 26:2-28 - Epilogue
  • 61.
    Ending of eachpart : Mt. 7:25 ; 11:1 ; 13:53 ; 19:1 ; 26:6 These five parts immitated the five books of Moses. These five parts, each begins with a narrative part followed by a discourse. In the end is same expression... “and when Jesus had finished...”
  • 62.
    Key Theological Themes 1. Jesus is a long awaited Messiah 2. Ecclesia – the Church is the new Israel
  • 63.
    The real visionof the Church is contained in the community discourse. (Mt. 18:1-35). It speaks about what a Christian community should be. a. Invites humility from their leaders b. Avoid scandalizing the weak c. Seek out the little ones like a good shepherd d. Fairness in handling disputes e. Marked by prayerfulness f. Marked by reconciliation
  • 64.
    Matthew portrayed Jesus asthe Teacher of Israel
  • 66.
    Scholars dated theGospel of Luke that had been written about 80 AD
  • 67.
    Luke’s gospel hasthe most attractive and fascinating presentation of the Personality of Jesus Luke and Acts represent 28 % of the New Testament at least in quantitative point of view.
  • 68.
    In terms ofAuthorship: - He is not an eyewitness because he only received information from other sources. - The author had materials or precious accounts which others have previously compiled but he also made contributions. - The author was educated based on the style of the preface. - The author shows familiarity with medical vocabularies (Lk. 4:38; 5:12) - The author is very much concerned about the Gentiles.
  • 69.
    Structure 1: 1-4 - Preface 1:5 - 2:52 - Infancy Narrative 3:1 – 4:13 - Preparation for Ministry 4:14 – 9:50 - Galilean Ministry 9:51 – 19:27 - Movement - Galilee to Jerusalem 19:28 – 21:38 – Jerusalem 22:1 – 24:53 – Passion, Death, Resurrection and Ascension
  • 70.
    Key Theological Themes: 1.Universalism 2. Individual people 3. Concern for the outcast 4. Author’s interest in women 5. Interest in children 6. Gospel of the Poor 7. Stress on Prayer 8. Emphasis on Holy Spirit 9. Emphasis on Joy
  • 71.
    Luke portrayed Jesus as the Supreme Model to Follow - We must have a strong relationship to God - Obedience to God - Genuine love for others
  • 73.
    On the firstpart of the Gospel of John (John 1:1-18) we can already see the difference with the Synoptic Gospels.
  • 74.
    It has no“infancynarrative” that can be found in Mark and Matthew. It begins with the “prologue” or introduction that proclaims about the Word of God which is Jesus himself .
  • 75.
    It gives emphasison the Divinity of Jesus, the Word made flesh. From above , he came down. It is also called “High Christology”.
  • 76.
    If we willcompare it with the other Gospels, there are differences in terms of the narration.
  • 77.
    Synoptic Gospels -malinaw nahalos pare- pareho ang daloy ng mga pangyayari -Pagkatapos ng mga unang pahayag, si Jesus ay makikitang mangangaral sa Galilea, pagkatapos ay maglalakbay papuntang Jerusalem -Ang ministeryo ni Jesus ay nakasentro sa Galilea
  • 78.
    -Jesus is goingto and fro in Jerusalem -It is not Galilea where the center of Jesus’ “public ministry” but in Jerusalem.
  • 79.
    John portrayed Jesusas: •Word made Flesh •Bread of Life •Good Shepherd •Light of the World
  • 80.
    Who is theauthor of the Gospel of John? If we will read chapter 21:20-25, it will mention a “Beloved Disciple” o “alagad na minamahal ni Jesus”. And in the conclusion, it says that this disciple “is confirming all the things that happened at he was the one who wrote it and know that his proclamation was true.” It is seems that “beloved disciple’ is the one being mentioned by the author.
  • 81.
    Sa chapter 19:35,ang “beloved disciple” ay nasa paanan ng krus at nasaksihan niya ang pagsaksak ng sibat sa tagiliran ni Jesus… “he saw it and has born witness...” -Saksi siya sa kaganapang nangyari sa Golgotha. -The beloved disciple is the witness and the author of the fourth gospel
  • 82.
    Themes in theGospel of John 1. “Father” bilang pananaw sa Diyos (Concept of God)
  • 83.
  • 84.
    Themes in theGospel of John 2. “Son”
  • 86.
    Themes in theGospel of John 3. “Spirit”
  • 87.
    Themes in theGospel of John 4.Church
  • 88.
    Themes in the Gospelof John 5. Discipleship Ang salitang “disciple” ay 78x na lumitaw kay John samantalang ang salitang “apostle” ay isang beses lang (13:16). Ang disipulo ay ang taong naniniwala kay Jesus, the one who believes. At ang taong naniniwala ay magbubunga ng buhay kasama ni Jesus
  • 89.
  • 90.
    We beseech you,O Lord, to help orient all our actions, by your inspirations, carry them on by your gracious assistance, so that every prayer and work of ours may always begin from you and through you be happily ended. AMEN
  • 91.
    UPUAN by Gloc-9 Kayopo na naka upo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko Ganito kasi yan eh...
  • 92.
    • Verse 1: Tao po, nandyan po ba kayo sa loob ng Malaking bahay at malawak na bakuran Mataas na pader pinapaligiran At nakapilang mga mamahaling sasakyan Mga bantay na laging bulong ng bulong Wala namang kasal pero marami ang naka barong Lumakas man ang ulan ay walang butas ang bubong Mga plato't kutsara na hindi kilala ang tutong At ang kanin ay simputi ng gatas na nasa kahon At kahit na hindi pasko sa lamesa ay may hamon Ang sarap sigurong manirahan sa bahay na ganyan Sabi pa nila ay dito mo rin matatagpuan Ang tao na nagmamay-ari ng isang upuan Na pag may pagkakatao'y pinag-aagawan Kaya naman hindi niya pinakakawalan Kung makikita ko lamang siya ay aking sisigawan
  • 93.
    Chorus: Kayo po nanakaupo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo, At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko
  • 94.
    • Verse 2: Mawalang galang na po sa taong nakaupo, Alam niyo bang pantakal ng bigas namin ay di puno Ang ding-ding ng bahay namin ay pinagtagpi-tagping yero Sa gabi ay sobrang init na tumutunaw ng yelo Na di kayang bilhin upang ilagay sa inumin Pinakulong tubig sa lumang takuring uling-uling Gamit lang panggatong na inanod lamang sa istero Na nagsisilbing kusina sa umaga'y aming banyo Ang aking inay na may kayamanan isang kaldero Na nagagamit lang pag ang aking ama ay sumweldo Pero kulang na kulang parin, Ulam na tuyo't asin Ang singkwenta pesos sa maghapo'y pagkakasyahin Di ko alam kung talagang maraming harang, O mataas lang ang bakod O nagbubulag-bulagan lamang po kayo, Kahit sa dami ng pera niyo Walang doktor na makapagpapalinaw ng mata niyo Kaya...
  • 95.
    • Wag kangmasyadong halata Bato-bato sa langit Ang matamaa'y wag magalit O bato-bato bato sa langit Ang matamaan ay Wag masyadong halata (ooh) Wag kang masyadong halata Hehey, (Wag kang masyadong halata) (Wag kang masyadong halata)
  • 96.
    1.What is themain theme of the song? 2.What does it tells about the Philippines, particularly its political, social and economic setting?
  • 97.
    The song describesin detail the present situation of the poor and the less fortunate who cannot afford a decent living while the leaders of the nation are basking in a bountiful and oh, so good life. It cries for attention, for decency from the ones in power, for change, and perhaps good governance for those aspiring candidates for elections.
  • 99.
    PALESTINE BEFORE JESUS •Jesus lived in a territory, Palestine, with a long-standing history of power struggle. • Palestine is currently part of modern day Israel.
  • 100.
    Map of 1st Century Palestine:
  • 101.
  • 102.
    PALESTINE BEFORE JESUS •Jesus' own people group, the Jews, were subject to enslavement and captivity of various empires. • Other than 80 years of self-rule that ended a half-century before Jesus' birth, the Jews had not ruled themselves for three-quarters of a millennium. • By the time of Jesus' birth, Roman rule had become entrenched in Palestine.
  • 103.
    Dates Event / Stage Misc. Details (BC) 750-612 Assyrian Empire Babylonian 612-539 Empire 539-331 Persian Empire 331-143 Greek Empire Alexander the Great 331-198 BC Ptolemaic Rule: Alexander's generals divided the empire with general Ptolemy 1 taking Palestine & Egypt and general Selecus taking Syria, Babylon and a large part of Asia Minor (see map) 198-143 BC Selucid Rule: Syria's Selucid's captured Palestine (see map)
  • 104.
    Dates Event / Stage Misc. Details (BC) Jewish Jewish revolt for independence lead 143-63 (Maccabean) by Hasmonean family, later called Rule the Maccabees (see map) Under Julius Caesar, Romans general 63 Roman Empire Pompey occupies Palestine in 63 BC (see map) Neighboring Parthian's invade 40 Palestine installing a local Jewish king, Antigonus Herod the Great Herod gets Mark Anthony & as King (under Octavian's (future Augustus Caesar) 37-4 Roman support to have Roman Senate make authority) Herod king of Jews in Palestine
  • 105.
    Dates Event / Stage Misc. Details (BC) 37 BC: Herod recaptures Palestine by force with Roman support 20 BC: To win loyalty of the Jews, Herod begins reconstruction of the Jewish Temple 6 BC: Jesus is born and Herod tries to find and kill Jesus. Jesus' family escapes to Egypt until Herod dies 4 BC: Herod dies * Herod Pillip (4 BC-34 AD) - ruler of territories east of Galiliee Three sons of Herod * Herod Antipas (4 BC-39 AD) - ruler of 4 BC-39 divide up rule of Galilee and Perea: He beheaded Jesus' cousin AD Palestine (under (John the Baptist) and participated in Roman Authority) condemning Jesus to death * Archelaus (4 BC-6 AD) - ruler of Samaria, Judea and Idumea
  • 106.
    A. Socio-Political and Cultural Context
  • 107.
    POLITICAL SETTING For thousandsof years, the Jewish people were primarily subject to foreign rule. In the first century, Romans ruled the Mediterranean area known as Palestine (modern day Israel. In the hierarchy of power, the Jewish self- government reported to the authority of the local Roman government (King Herod), which reported to Rome (Emperor Caesar).
  • 108.
    Romans of 1st Century
  • 109.
  • 110.
    ECONOMIC SETTING The economyof first century Israel was supported by three key segments: agriculture of olives, figs, grains, dates, and vineyards; trade fostered by Israel’s key location on the Mediterranean Sea; and large government building projects sponsored by King Herod.
  • 111.
    1st century olivepress for making olive oil
  • 112.
    Map of 1st Century Palestine:
  • 113.
  • 114.
    Cultural Setting /Daily Life Jesus spent most of his life in and around the farming village area of Nazareth. Similar to many farming villages throughout the world, life was patterned after traditions, roles and rituals passed down from many generations beforehand.
  • 116.
    • Population: Thevillage area of Nazareth was populated mostly by Jews, but also with some diversity of Syrians, Greeks, and Romans. The major city of Palestine was Jerusalem, which was more cosmopolitan and contained far greater ethnic diversity. • Language: The common language in the Roman Empire was Greek. However, at the time it was common for Jews to also use Hebrew, Aramaic, and Latin. Jesus’ everyday language was Aramaic. • Village Life: The hub of a village was the marketplace and shops. And for a Jewish village, the synagogue was a central meeting place, and the seat of the local Jewish government.
  • 119.
    • Housing: Houseswere all purpose 1-2 room squares, with dirt floors, flat roofs, low and narrow doorways, and front wooden doors. Often people would sleep on flat roofs during hot nights. The houses were arranged around a central shared courtyard where neighbors performed daily chores (cooking, laundry, etc.) in each other’s company. Water was carried in from a public well and stored in a courtyard cistern. Lighting was provided by earthenware oil lamps. People slept on mats, and owned limited personal goods.
  • 120.
    1st century Houseat Nazareth
  • 121.
    • Food: Thewoman’s daily job included preparing food for her family – for example, they would grind grain, bake bread, milk the animals, and make cheese. Typically a family ate two meals: Breakfast – light or small amounts of food taken to work; and Dinner – A large meal with cheese, wine, vegetables and fruits, and eggs. As for meat, fish was most common, followed by chicken or fowl. Red meat (beef and lamb) was served only on special occasions, and pork and crustaceans were absolutely forbidden. Most foods were boiled or stewed in a big pot and seasoned with salt, onions, garlic, cumin, coriander, mint, dill, and mustard. Food was sweetened with wild honey or syrups from dates or grapes. Food was generally served in a common bowl and eaten by dipping in with the fingers.
  • 123.
    • Clothing: Theundergarment was called a “tunic”. The outer garment was called a “mantle” – it was loose fitting with fringes, bound by blue ribbon. Men wore a belt – a four-inch wide leather belt or cloth “girdle”. If one was wearing only an undergarment, then he was said to be “naked” or “stripped”. If one was wearing only an undergarment (tunic) and belt, they were said to be wearing a “loincloth”. The phrase “to gird your loins” meant that the tunic was pulled up between the legs and tucked into the belt. People also wore sandals on their feet, and a white cloth over their head, hanging to their shoulders. This cloth protected them from the sun.
  • 126.
  • 127.
    RELIGIOUS SETTING • Jewishleaders fought for the purity of their belief in one God in the face of conflicting foreign religions. Yet at the same time, they fragmented into sects divided over variations of the Jewish law.
  • 128.
    Causes of socialunrest in the 1st century Palestine 1. The occupation of foreign military troops: Romans 2. Class conflicts: a. Jerusalem-urban priest, b. Rural-country side priest 3. Banditry- a protest or instrument against the state and its leader which uphold unjust system. 4. Religious Fanaticism- led to terrorism and the concept of a holy war
  • 129.
    5. Revolutionary prophetsand messianic pretenders- who encouraged revolution against their present condition; messianic pretended- revolutionaries. 6. Misconduct of Roman officials- the unjust ruling of the Romans 7. Strike between various revolutionary groups- individualism and lack of unity among revolutionary groups
  • 130.
    8. Heavy taxation-it was a mandate to collect tribute from the locals for their conquerors, which was not free from corruption of the collector that made it really difficult for the local folks. – Three types of taxes: (collected by the publicanii, for the temple and priest) 9. Rivalry and hostility between Jews and Samaritans- division of what used to be a unified nation and people
  • 131.
    Jewish Group atthe Time of Jesus 1. Pharisees 2. Sadducees 3. Essences 4. Herodians 5. Zealots 6. High Priest, Chief Priest, Priest, Levites 7. Scribes 8. Elders or Presbyters 9. Disciples of John the Baptist
  • 132.
    PHARISEES • A groupof influential Jews who advocated and adhered to strict observance of the Sabbath rest, purity rituals, tithing, and food restrictions based on the Hebrew Scriptures and on later traditions. • "Pharisees" probably means "separated ones" in Hebrew, referring to their strict observance of laws and traditions (Luke 18:10-12).
  • 133.
    SADDUCEES • Another prominentgroup of Jews and probably smaller "elite" group, but even more influential than the Pharisees; they followed the laws of the Hebrew Bible (the Torah), but rejected newer traditions. • "Sadducees" comes from the Hebrew tsaddiqim ("righteous ones"), which may refer to the way they wished to live their lives.
  • 134.
    ESSENES • A smallergroup or "sect" that lived a communal "monastic" lifestyle at Qumram (near the Dead Sea). • Originally a group of priests, founded and/or led by a "Teacher of Righteousness" during the early Maccabean/Hasmonean era.
  • 135.
    HERODIANS • Probably afaction that supported the policies and government of the Herodian family, especially during the time of Herod Antipas, ruler over Galilee and Perea during the lifetimes of John the Baptist and of Jesus. • Mentioned only twice in Mark and once in Matthew, but never in Luke, John, or the rest of the NT.
  • 136.
    ZEALOTS • A revolutionarygroup that opposed the Roman occupation of Israel. • "Zealots" were probably not an organized group at first, but any Jews "zealous" for God's law (Num 25:13; 1 Kings 19:10; Acts 22:3; Gal 1:14).
  • 137.
    High Priest, ChiefPriests, Priests, and Levites • Members of the tribe of Levi who were responsible for the temple and its sacrifices, and thus were the religious and social leaders of the Jewish people. • Priests and Levites in ancient Israel had to be men from the tribe of Levi; any Jews from the eleven other tribes could not be priests.
  • 138.
    SCRIBES • Men speciallytrained in writing, and thus influential as interpreters and teachers of the Law, and agents of the rulers. • "Scribes" did not form their own party, but could belong to other groups (e.g. "the scribes of the Pharisees" in Mark 2:16; Acts 23:9).
  • 139.
    ELDERS OR PRESBYTERS •The "older men" of a community who formed the ruling elite and were often members of official "councils". • The Greek word "presbyter" simply refers to older men, but was mainly used for men respected by others as leaders and role models.
  • 140.
    DISCIPLES OF JOHNTHE BAPTIST • During his lifetime and for several centuries thereafter, certain groups of people considered themselves followers of John the Baptist; some of them became Christians, but others maintained that John was earlier and more important than Jesus. • John the Baptist was recognized as a great preacher and prophet, calling the people to repentence (Mark 1; Matt 3; Luke 3; John 1)
  • 141.