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CL 1--Sec 1-Pt. 3 Basic knowledge modi 1.pptx
- 1. Section 1 Basic Knowledge:Physical, Psychological, and Pharmacological Effects Class # 1 (Part 3) Exponents Center for Personal and Professional Development/DYSO
- 2. This class willcover… The history of tobacco use from pipes, paper to vaping The effects of ATOD ingestion on the brain and body (neurotransmitter response) Blood alcohol content and how it affects behavior. The Legal ramifications of impaired driving Objectives
- 3. Tobacco History 2.5million years ago: In 2010 fossilized tobacco found in South America 1 BC: Native Americans begin to use tobacco 1 CE: Tobacco was readily available in Americas 600-1000 CE: First pictorial record of smoking ◦ Mayan pottery Sources: Imperial Tobacco Canada, tobacco.org, Physorg.com (November 20, 2010, “Peruvian Diggers Find 2.5 Million-Year-Old Tobacco”
- 4. Tobacco History Late1400’s: explorers “discover” tobacco 1500’s: tobacco use spreads to Europe 1600’s: tobacco grows in popularity & unpopularity ◦ Addiction ◦ Religion ◦ Tax 1700’s: first American tobacco manufacturing (Virginia)
- 5. Tobacco History 1776:AMERICAN REVOLUTION Along "Tobacco Coast" (the Chesapeake), the Revolutionary War was variously known as "The Tobacco War." Growers had found themselves perpetually in debt to British merchants; by 1776, growers owed the mercantile houses millions of pounds.
- 6. Tobacco History Britishtobacco taxes are a further grievance. Tobacco helps finance the Revolution by serving as collateral for the loan Benjamin Franklin won from France--the security was 5 million pounds of Virginia tobacco. George Washington once appealed to his countrymen for aid to the army: "If you can't send money, send tobacco.
- 7. Tobacco History "During the war, it was tobacco exports that the fledgling government used to build up credits abroad. And, when the war was over, Americans turned to tobacco taxes to help repay the revolutionary war debt.
- 8. Tobacco History Whentillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers therefore are the founders of human civilization. -- Daniel Webster (1782-1852). Tobacco comes into use as "Country Money" or "Country Pay" in the colonies. Tobacco continues to be used as a monetary standard--literally a "cash crop"-- throughout the 17th and 18th Centuries, lasting twice as long as the gold standard.
- 9. Tobacco History "Soprominent is the place that tobacco occupies in the early records of the middle Southern States, that its cultivation and commercial associations may be said to form the basis of their history.
- 10. Tobacco History Itwas the direct source of their wealth, and became for a while the representative of gold and silver; the standard value of other merchantable products; and this tradition was further preserved by the stamping of a tobacco- leaf upon the old continental money used in the Revolution." --19th century historian (DB)
- 11. Tobacco History 1800s: ◦Women begin smoking in public ◦ Phillip Morris business ◦ Academics become concerned about tobacco’s health- related effects 1900s: ◦ Most states develop anti-tobacco legislation ◦ Lung cancer and smoking link: early 1900s ◦ 1940: Americans smoke 2558 cigarettes/year Winston cigarette commercial ◦ 1960-1970: independence promotion for women Virginia Slims cigarette commercials Sources: tobacco.org, J R Soc Med. Jun 2004; 97(6): 292–296.
- 12. Tobacco Arises fromNicotiana tabacum plant Contributes to an estimated 480,000 deaths a year in US ◦ Secondhand = 41,000 (CDC, 2014) Worldwide: ~6 million ◦ Secondhand – 600,000 (WHO, 2016) 1979 Surgeon General identified tobacco as the one most preventable cause of death
- 13. Tobacco Consumption Primaryforms of consumption include: ◦ Cigarettes ◦ Cigars and pipes ◦ Chewing tobacco and snuff ◦ Hookah ◦ E-cigarettes not tobacco products, but FDA has oversight in U.S. since 2016 ◦ Differences in tobacco contents across the globe
- 14. The World isUp in Smoke Internationally, tobacco consumed in many ways: ◦ Manufactured cigarettes, available worldwide Cigarette use in the U.S. Most Expensive Cigarettes ◦ Cigars, smoked worldwide Reverse smoking e.g. India Informal YouTube video clip Top 10 Most Expensive Cigar#CF0 What a Pack of Cigarettes C#CE8
- 15. The World isUp in Smoke ◦Electronic cigarettes An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that simulates the feeling of smoking. It works by heating a liquid to generate an aerosol, commonly called a "vapor", that the user inhales. Using e-cigarettes is commonly referred to as vaping. What's Wrong with E-Cigaret#CFC
- 16. Components of TobaccoSmoke Generally, 4,000 different chemicals Tar Nicotine Gases 4000 Chemicals in Tobacco S#D26
- 17. Tar Sticky, blacksubstance produced from burning tobacco (Univ. Miami Med. School) Video: tar extraction (YouTube) Tars carry carcinogenic (cancer-causing) materials Tars contribute to chronic bronchitis
- 18. Nicotine A stimulantdrug ◦ Increased heart rate ◦ Increased vessel resistance Increased blood pressure ◦ Decreased skin temperature (vessel resistance) ◦ Effects (YouTube, 2:34)
- 19. Nicotine A lay-mans explanationof the nicotine process How does nicotine work.webloc
- 20. Varenicline (Varen + a+ Clean) Smoking cessation aid It can be used as part of a support program to help people stop smoking. Brands: Chantix, Chantix Continuing Month Box, and Chantix Starting Month Box Availability: Prescription needed Pregnancy: Consult a doctor Alcohol: Interactions can occur ◦ Effects of Chantix (YouTube, 1:18)
- 21. Gases in TobaccoSmoke Carbon monoxide ◦ Colorless, odorless ◦ Binds to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen binding ◦ Oxygen-carrying capacity in blood compromised (YouTube, 1:57) Hydrogen cyanide ◦ Impairs cilia in bronchioles Nitrogen oxides ◦ Lung damage, perhaps leading to emphysema
- 22. Cigarettes Mature leavesare harvested, dried, shredded, remoisturized, aged in barrels ◦ Includes stems and leaf scraps Tobacco varieties are blended for flavor Chemicals added: flavor, maintain burn Rolled in paper (most with filters) What's in a Cigarette? (SHO#D03
- 23. Tobacco: Chronic Effects(CDC) Heart disease: 2-4 x increased risk Stroke: 2-4 x increased risk Lung cancer (13-23 x increased risk) Connections: many cancers, lung disease, reproductive issues, osteoporosis Cost of smoking (Quitline, Australia) Cost of smoking.webloc
- 24. Cigars & Pipes Cigars ◦ Made with rolled, fermented, unshredded leaves ◦ Wrapped in a leaf ◦ Many shapes and sizes ◦ Hand rolling cigars
- 25. Cigars & Pipes Pipe tobacco ◦ Leaves are shredded and flavored Cigar and pipe smoke more irritating ◦ Less inhalation ◦ Generally, reduced lung cancer risk, unless smoking five or more cigars/day (American Lung Association)
- 26. Smokeless Tobacco Chewingtobacco ◦ After leaves are shredded, are treated with flavoring and moisturizing agents ◦ Typically, tobacco placed in mouth where it is held, chewed, sucked Snuff ◦ Placed in mouth ◦ Inhaled Orbs ◦ Placed in mouth, dissolves Smokeless Tobacco Products.#D35
- 27. Why is alcoholconsidered a drug? ALCOHOL slows down the body systems so it is a DEPRESSANT Alcohol changes a person’s PHYSICAL & EMOTIONAL state. What classification of drug is alcohol?
- 28. WHAT IS BAC? Blood AlcoholConcentration (BAC) is the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. It is measured in %. What affects your BAC! • # of drinks •How fast you drink •Your gender •Your weight •Food in your stomach
- 29. At what BACwill your reaction time be slowed? .02 At what BAC will you lack concentration and have trouble paying attention? .09
- 30. What is thelegal BAC Level if you are 21 or older? 21 AND OLDER: .08 Zero Tolerance- Any detectable amount of alcohol if you are UNDER 21. 30
- 31. What is bingedrinking ? 5 or more drinks in a 2 hour period 4 or more drinks in a 2 hour period MALES FEMALES A person can drink a fatal amount of alcohol before the effects set in. Why is binge drinking dangerous?
- 32. 32 What is aHangover? Unpleasant physical effects following the heavy use of alcohol. y does this happen? The ethanol in the drink causes increase urine production = dehydration. Dehydration causes: • Headaches • Fatigue (weak) • Dry mouth It irritates the stomach lining = nausea
- 33. How are theskills needed for driving impaired by alcohol? slows reaction time affects your vision makes you drowsy reduces your coordination affects your judgment The #1 cause of death among teenagers is motor vehicle accidents. Majority- accidents are alcohol related.
- 34. 34 What is thedifference between DWI and DUI? DWI = Driving While Intoxicated • No mental or physical function. • BAC of .08 or more • Police must prove impairment DUI = Driving Under the Influence • Under then 21 it is ILLEGAL to have any alcohol in your system. • The police does not need to prove that the minor is impaired, only that they consumed alcohol. • If the MINOR is impaired they would be charged with a DWI.
- 35. 4 D’s =Impaired Driving Drowsy Drunk Driving Drugged Distracted
- 36. Your body requires3 things: Water Food Sleep
- 37. Vital Role ofSleep and Safety Can you live without it? How much sleep do you require? How do you feel without sleep?
- 38. 1 in 3Drivers (31.5%) Admitted to drowsy driving within the last 30 days! AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index
- 39. Drowsy Driving 5,000 –8,000 fatalities annually 1.2 million crashes *NHTSA estimates
- 40. What is DrowsyDriving? Drowsy driving is an elusive behavior which is difficult to measure objectively It’s a profound impairment which mimics alcohol-impairment
- 41. Reasons Sleep lossfrom too little sleep Interruption or fragmented sleep Chronic sleep debt Undiagnosed or untreated sleep disorders Time spend on a task Use of sedating medications (or alcohol) Any one of these factors or a cumulative effect or combination of these factors increase the risk for fatigued-related crashes
- 42. Source: National SleepFoundation
- 43. Who is Likelyto Drive Drowsy? . . • Males • Teens and young adults • College students • New parents • Shift and night workers • EMS and Law Enforcement • Health care workers • Commercial motor vehicle operators • People with undiagnosed or untreated sleep disorders
- 44. “Wake Up Call!Understanding Drowsy Driving and What States Can Do” 2016
- 45. Whether theoffense is labeled “DUI,” “DWI” (driving while intoxicated), or “OUI” (operating under the influence), the consequences are generally severe. Though the specifics differ by state, penalties often include license suspension, fines and fees, ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and jail time. BAC and Legalities
- 46. DWI Penalties:Younger Than 21. If you're younger than 21 years old and you're caught driving with a BAC of 0.02% or higher, you've broken NY's Zero ToleranceLaw. BAC and Legalities
- 47. DWI Penalties:Younger Than 21. If you're younger than 21 years old and you're caught driving with a BAC of 0.02% or higher, you've broken NY's Zero ToleranceLaw. BAC and Legalities
Editor's Notes
- #35 Today we want to discuss, inform and engage you in discussion as to why Drowsy is a stand alone problem - we need to engage everyone in the conversation that will prompt behavior change – We will not look at this as a regulatory issue – because we can’t regulate the amount of sleep that is needed for safety - safe driving - but what we can do is to examine the affects of lack of sleep has on driving behaviors which may lead to crashes as a contributing factor. Let’s start with the 4 D’s of Impairment….. Does anyone know what the 4 D’s include? You’ve all seen Drunk/Drugged/Distracted – and know the law….. But what about Drowsy?
- #36 We need to reframe the issue of sleep and consider sleep and how much we get is essential for safe driving.
- #37 Lack of sleep and the impact of driving is a public health and safety threat
- #38 According to AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index, 31.5% drivers admitted to drowsy driving in the last month – so tired that they had trouble keeping their eyes open!! That’s significant number of drivers who are admitting that they are driving while ability is impaired or comprised – how many of you can say they have experienced drowsy driving in the course of your driving experience?
- #39 NHTSA agency of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government, part of the Department of Transportation. It describes its mission as "Save lives, prevent injuries, reduce vehicle-related crashes. NHTSA is charged with writing and enforcing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. NHTSA’s new campaign, Take a Break. Drive Awake - Drowsy Driving is estimated to contribute to as many as 1.2 MILLION crashes, resulting in potentially 5,000 to 8,000 fatalities per year That’s the reason we need to take a closer look at DROWSY DRIVING
- #40 Currently there is no laws prohibiting Drowsy Driving and the affects of lack of sleep may be different for everyone. But for this presentation, we want to frame the discussion of drowsy in that it’s a PROFOUND impairment - and it’s a driver’s decision to get behind the wheel or stay on the road despite feeling drowsy AND it can be DEADLY
- #41 We can indentify the reasons or what causes drowsiness -
- #42 Adults typically need 7-8 hours of sleep per night or more to be well rested and ready for the road.
- #44 Driver who is up for a continuous 18 hours will typically exhibit performance levels similar to that of a person with a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level of 0.05%. After 21 and 24 hours without sleep, performance mimics a BAC of 0.08% and 0.10%, respectively).