Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy

Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy

• 2.
  SUBTOPICS • SECTORS OFECONOMIC ACTIVITIES • COMPARING THE THREE SECTORS • PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY SECTORS IN INDIA • UNDEREMPLOYMENT • CREATING EMPLOYMENT • DIVISION OF SECTORS AS ORGANIZED AND UNORGANIZED • SECTORS IN TERMS OF OWNERSHIP: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS
• 3.
  SECTORS OF ECONOMICACTIVITIES • WHEN WE PRODUCE A GOOD BY EXPLOITING THE NATURAL RESOURCES, IT IS AN ACTIVITY OF PRIMARY SECTOR. SINCE MOST OF THE NATURAL PRODUCTS WE GET ARE FROM AGRICULTURE, DAIRY, FISHING, FORESTRY, THIS SECTOR IS ALSO CALLED AGRICULTURE AND RELATED SECTOR. • THE SECONDARY SECTOR COVERS ACTIVITIES IN WHICH NATURAL PRODUCTSARE CHANGED INTO OTHER FORMS THROUGH WAYS OF MANUFACTURING THAT WE ASSOCIATE WITH INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY. IT IS THE NEXT STEP AFTER THE PRIMARY. SECONDARY SECTOR GRADUALLY BECOMES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFERENT KINDS OFINDUSTRIES THAT CAME UP, IT IS CALLED AS INDUSTRIAL SECTOR. • AFTER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY, THERE IS A THIRD CATEGORY OF ACTIVITIES THAT FALL UNDER TERTIARY SECTOR AND IS DIFFERENT FROM THE ABOVE TWO. THESE ARE ACTIVITIES THAT HELP INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY AND THE SECONDARY SECTOR. TRANSPORT, STORAGE, COMMUNICATION, BANKING, TRADE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF THE TERTIARY SECTOR. SINCE THESE ACTIVITIES GENERATE SERVICES RATHER THAN GOODS, THE TERTIARY SECTOR IS ALSO CALLED THE SERVICE SECTOR.
• 4.
  COMPARING THE THREESECTORS • THE VALUE OF FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED IN EACH SECTOR DURING A PARTICULAR YEAR PROVIDES THE TOTAL PRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR FOR THATYEAR.AND THE SUM OF PRODUCTION IN THE THREE SECTORS GIVES WHAT IS CALLED THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) OF A COUNTRY. • IT IS THE VALUE OF ALL FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED WITHINA COUNTRY DURING A PARTICULAR YEAR. GDP SHOWS HOW BIG THE ECONOMY IS. IN INDIA, THE MAMMOTH TASK OF MEASURING GDP IS UNDERTAKEN BY A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRY. • THIS MINISTRY, WITH THE HELP OF VARIOUS GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS OF ALL THE INDIAN STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES, COLLECTS INFORMATION RELATING TO TOTAL VOLUMEOF GOODS AND SERVICES AND THEIR PRICES AND THEN ESTIMATES THE GDP.
• 5.
  PRIMARY, SECONDARY ANDTERTIARY SECTORS IN INDIA • THE VARIOUS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES IN THE PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY SECTORS PRODUCE A VERY LARGE NUMBER OF GOODS AND SERVICES. • THE THREE SECTORS HAVE A LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WORKING IN THEM TO PRODUCE THESE GOODS AND SERVICES. THERE IS ONE PRECAUTION ONE HAS TO TAKE Sectors of Indian Economy Primary (Activities related to agriculture) Secondary (Activities related to Manufracturing Industries) Tertiary (Activities generating Services)
• 6.
  • MORE THANHALF OF THE WORKERS IN THE COUNTRY ARE WORKING IN THE COUNTRY ARE WORKING IN THE PRIMARY SECTOR, MAINLY IN AGRICULTURE, PRODUCING ONLY A QUARTER OF THE GDP.
• 7.
  • THE SECONDARYAND TERTIARY SECTORS PRODUCE THREE-FOURTH OF THE PRODUCE WHEREAS THEY EMPLOY LESS THAN HALF THE PEOPLE. • OVER THE FORTY YEARS BETWEEN 1971-72 AND 2011-12, WHILE PRODUCTION IN ALL THE THREE SECTORS HAS INCREASED, IT HAS INCREASED THE MOST IN THE TERTIARY SECTOR.
• 8.
  • THIS MEANSTHAT EVEN IF WE REMOVE A LOT OF PEOPLE FROM AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND PROVIDE THEM WITH PROPER WORK ELSEWHERE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WILL NOT SUFFER. UNDEREMPLOYMENT CAN BE ALSO SEEN IN TERTIARY SECTOR. • THEY MAY SPEND THE WHOLE DAY BUT EARN VERY LITTLE. THEY ARE DOING THIS WORK BECAUSE THEY DO NOT HAVE BETTER OPPORTUNITIES.
• 9.
  UNDEREMPLOYMENT • UNDEREMPLOYMENT ISA HIDDEN KIND OF UNEMPLOYMENT. EACH ONE IS DOING SOME WORK BUT NO ONE IS FULLY EMPLOYED. • THIS IS THE SITUATION OF UNDEREMPLOYMENT, WHERE PEOPLE ARE APPARENTLY WORKING BUT ALL OF THEM ARE MADE TO WORK LESS THAN THEIR POTENTIAL. • THIS KIND OF UNDEREMPLOYMENT IS HIDDEN IN CONTRAST TO SOMEONE WHO DOES NOT HAVE A JOB AND IS CLEARLY VISIBLE AS UNEMPLOYED. • HENCE, IT IS ALSO CALLED DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT. THIS MEANS THATEVEN IF WE REMOVE A LOT OF PEOPLE FROM AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND PROVIDE THEM WITH PROPER WORK ELSEWHERE,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WILL NOT SUFFER. • UNDEREMPLOYMENT CAN BE ALSO SEEN IN TERTIARY SECTOR. THEY MAY SPEND THE WHOLE DAY BUT EARN VERY LITTLE. THEY ARE DOING THIS WORK BECAUSE THEY DO NOT HAVE BETTER OPPORTUNITIES.
• 10.
  CREATING EMPLOYMENT • AWAYBY WHICH WE CAN TACKLE THIS PROBLEM IS TO IDENTIFY, PROMOTEAND LOCATE INDUSTRIES AND A LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE MAY BE EMPLOYED. • A STUDY CONDUCTED BY THE PLANNING COMMISSION ESTIMATES THAT NEARLY 20 LAKH JOBS CAN BE CREATED IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR ALONE. • EVERY STATE OR REGION HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR INCREASING THE INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT FOR PEOPLE IN THAT AREA. THE SAME STUDY BY THE PLANNING COMMISSION SAYS THAT IF TOURISM AS A SECTOR IS IMPROVED, EVERY YEAR WE CAN GIVE ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT TO MORE THAN 5 LAKH PEOPLE. • WE MUST REALIZE THAT SOME OF THE SUGGESTIONS DISCUSSED ABOVE WOULD TAKE A LONG TIME TO IMPLEMENT. RECOGNIZING THIS, THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IN INDIA MADE A LAW IMPLEMENTING THE RIGHT TO WORK. • MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT 2005 (MGNREGA 2005). UNDER MGNERGA 2005, ALL THOSE WHO ARE ABLE TO, AND ARE IN NEED OF, WORK ARE GUARANTEED 100 DAYS OF EMPLOYMENT IN A YEAR BY THE GOVERNMENT. IF THE GOVERNMENT FAILS IN ITS DUTY TO PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT, IT WILL GIVE UNEMPLOYMENT ALLOWANCES TO THEPEOPLE.
• 11.
  DIVISION OF SECTORSAS ORGANISED AND UNORGANISED • ORGANISED SECTOR: ORGANIZED SECTOR COVERS THOSE ENTERPRISES OR PLACES OF WORK WHERE THE TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT ARE REGULAR AND THEREFORE, PEOPLE HAVE ASSURED WORK. THEY ARE REGISTERED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND HAVE TO FOLLOW ITS RULES AND REGULATIONS WHICH ARE GIVEN IN VARIOUS LAWS SUCH AS THE FACTORIES ACT, MINIMUM WAGES ACT, PAYMENT OF GRATUITY ACT, SHOPS AND ESTABLISHMENTS ACT ETC. • UNORGANISED SECTOR: THE UNORGANIZED SECTOR IS CHARACTERIZED BY SMALL AND SCATTERED UNITS WHICH ARE LARGELY OUTSIDE THE CONTROL OF THE GOVERNMENT. THERE ARE RULES AND REGULATIONS BUT THESE ARE NOT FOLLOWED. JOBS HERE ARE LOW-PAID AND OFTEN NOT REGULAR.
• 12.
  SECTORS IN TERMSOF OWNERSHIP: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS THERE ARE TWO SECTORS IN THE TERM OF OWNERSHIP PUBLIC SECTOR AND PRIVATE SECTOR. PUBLIC SECTOR: IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR, THE GOVERNMENT OWNS MOST OF THE ASSETS AND PROVIDES ALL THE SERVICES. RAILWAYS OR POST OFFICE IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR: IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR, OWNERSHIP OF ASSETS AND DELIVERY OF SERVICES IS IN THE HANDS OF PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS OR COMPANIES. COMPANIES LIKE TATA IRON AND STEEL ETC.
• 13.
  THANK YOU